{"NOAAStudyId":"14091","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-06-10","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"TREE RING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/tree-ring","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-tree-14091.xml","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/1b5e-jq88","earliestYearBP":156,"earliestYearCE":1794,"entryId":"noaa-tree-14091","funding":[],"investigators":"Büntgen, U.; Esper, J.; Frank, D.C.; Nievergelt, D.; Affolter, P.","mostRecentYearBP":-55,"mostRecentYearCE":2005,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14091","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Annually resolved summer temperatures for the European Alps are described. The reconstruction covers the a.d. 755-2004 period and is based on 180 recent and historic larch [Larix decidua Mill.] density series. The regional curve standardization method was applied to preserve interannual to multicentennial variations in this high-elevation proxy dataset. Instrumental measurements from high- (low-) elevation grid boxes back to 1818 (1760) reveal strongest growth response to current-year June-September mean temperatures. The reconstruction correlates at 0.7 with high-elevation temperatures back to 1818, with a greater signal in the higher-frequency domain (r = 0.8). Low-elevation instrumental data back to 1760 agree with the reconstruction's interannual variation, although a decoupling between (warmer) instrumental and (cooler) proxy data before 1840 is noted. This offset is larger than during any period of overlap with more recent high-elevation instrumental data, even though the proxy time series always contains some unexplained variance. The reconstruction indicates positive temperatures in the tenth and thirteenth century that resemble twentieth-century conditions, and are separated by a prolonged cooling from 1350 to 1700. Six of the 10 warmest decades over the 755-2004 period are recorded in the twentieth century. Maximum temperature amplitude over the past 1250 yr is estimated to be 3.1C between the warmest (1940s) and coldest (1810s) decades. This estimate is, however, affected by the calibration with instrumental temperature data. Warm summers seem to coincide with periods of high solar activity, and cold summers vice versa. The record captures the full range of past European temperature variability, that is, the extreme years 1816 and 2003, warmth during medieval and recent times, and cold in between. Comparison with regional- and large-scale reconstructions reveals similar decadal to longer-term variability.","author":null,"citation":"Ulf Büntgen, David C. Frank, Daniel Nievergelt, Jan Esper. 2006. \r\nSummer Temperature Variations in the European Alps, A.D. 755-2004.\r\nJournal of Climate, Volume 19, Issue 21 (November 2006) pp. 5606-5623. doi: 10.1175/JCLI3917.1","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1175/JCLI3917.1","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3917.1"},"issue":null,"journal":"Journal of Climate","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2006,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Summer Temperature Variations in the European Alps, A.D. 755-2004","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Larix decidua Mill.","European larch","LADE"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54650","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["46.3","7.7167"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"7.7167","maxElevationMeters":"900","minElevationMeters":"900","northernmostLatitude":"46.3","southernmostLatitude":"46.3","westernmostLongitude":"7.7167"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe>Switzerland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"23778","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>width>ring width"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/swit255.txt","linkText":"swit255.txt","urlDescription":"Correlation Stats","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>width>ring width"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/europe/swit255.rwl","linkText":"swit255.rwl","urlDescription":"Raw Measurements","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"physical property>length>total ring width"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>width>ring width"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/europe/swit255-noaa.rwl","linkText":"swit255-noaa.rwl","urlDescription":"Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Tree ID: 3HP30B; 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