{"NOAAStudyId":"16771","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-02-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"TREE RING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/tree-ring","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-tree-16771.xml","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/7sqw-zh62","earliestYearBP":64,"earliestYearCE":1886,"entryId":"noaa-tree-16771","funding":[],"investigators":"Wertz, E.; St. George, S.; Zeleznik, J.; Smoter, E.","mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16771","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Estimates of future flood risks are based on the observations of past floods, but instrumental records of basin hydrology are often too short to assess potential changes in the frequency or magnitude of extreme floods over time. In this study, we show that bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) growing along the Red River of the North in North Dakota and Minnesota preserve evidence of past floods within their annual growth rings. Rings formed during major floods often displayed (i) marked reductions in the size of their earlywood vessels or (ii) a more diffuse distribution of vessels throughout the increment. Because of the correspondence between major floods and widespread anatomical anomalies within riparian oaks, we suggest that these features can be described as \"flood rings.\" The frequency of flood-ring formation varied substantially along the river, which implies that this evidence can only provide an accurate estimate of flood history when it is obtained from many trees sampled across a dense network of sites. The rate of flood-ring formation is primarily influenced by flood magnitude but is also controlled by the timing and duration of inundation relative to the period of cambial growth. Although flood-affected oaks are imperfect recorders of past floods, this approach offers significant potential as a means to estimate the preinstrumental flood history of the Red River within the United States.","author":{"name":"Erika L. Wertz, Scott St. George and Joseph D. Zeleznik"},"citation":"Erika L. Wertz, Scott St. George and Joseph D. Zeleznik. 2013. Vessel anomalies in Quercus macrocarpa tree rings associated with recent floods along the Red River of the North, United States. Water Resources Research, 49(1), 630-634. doi: 10.1029/2012WR012900","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2012WR012900","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012900"},"issue":"1","journal":"Water Resources Research","pages":"630-634","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Vessel anomalies in Quercus macrocarpa tree rings associated with recent floods along the Red River of the North, United States","type":"publication","volume":"49"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Quercus macrocarpa Michx.","QUMA","burr oak"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56106","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["46.8667","-96.7833"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-96.7833","maxElevationMeters":"275","minElevationMeters":"275","northernmostLatitude":"46.8667","southernmostLatitude":"46.8667","westernmostLongitude":"-96.7833"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>North Dakota","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"26965","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>width>ring width"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/nd011.txt","linkText":"nd011.txt","urlDescription":"Correlation Stats","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>width>ring width"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/nd011.rwl","linkText":"nd011.rwl","urlDescription":"Raw Measurements","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"physical property>length>total ring width"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>width>ring width"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/nd011-noaa.rwl","linkText":"nd011-noaa.rwl","urlDescription":"Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Tree ID: F-RRT19; 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