{"NOAAStudyId":"16825","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-06-10","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"TREE RING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/tree-ring","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-tree-16825.xml","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/g1dd-dv62","earliestYearBP":12000,"earliestYearCE":-10050,"entryId":"noaa-tree-16825","funding":[],"investigators":"Kaiser, F.K.","mostRecentYearBP":11750,"mostRecentYearCE":-9800,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16825","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Dendrochronological analysis of fossil wood from Two Creeks, Wisconsin, reveals that the Two Creekan Intetstade lasted at least 252 yr. The sites crossdated by tree rings cover an area of about 970 km2. AMS determinations from the beginning and end of the chronology open a 14 C time window for the episode from 12,050 to 11,750 yr B.P. The interval is contemporaneous with the Older Dryas in northern Europe. The development of a forest covering at least 970 km2 on the western shore of Lake Michigan indicates a water level about as low as in modern times. Glacier retreat must have opened drainage channels either through the Straits of Mackinac or via the Indian River Plateau into the eastern lakes. The beginning of the tree-ring chronology coincides with the peak of meltwater pulse 1A at 12,000 yr B.P. Increased amounts of meltwater seem to have disturbed the heat exchange between the waters and the atmosphere in the North Atlantic off the Gulf of St. Lawrence or affected the d18O-ratio of the evaporation, causing the climatic or isotopic reversal of the Older Dryas in Greenland and northern Europe.","author":{"name":"Klaus Felix Kaiser"},"citation":"Klaus Felix Kaiser. 1994. Two Creeks Interstade Dated through Dendrochronology and AMS. Quaternary Research, 42(3), 288-298. doi: 10.1006/qres.1994.1079","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1006/qres.1994.1079","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1079"},"issue":"3","journal":"Quaternary Research","pages":"288-298","pubRank":"1","pubYear":1994,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Two Creeks Interstade Dated through Dendrochronology and AMS","type":"publication","volume":"42"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["PCMA","black spruce","Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenb."],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56152","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["44.3067","-87.5283"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-87.5283","maxElevationMeters":"630","minElevationMeters":"630","northernmostLatitude":"44.3067","southernmostLatitude":"44.3067","westernmostLongitude":"-87.5283"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Wisconsin","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"27032","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>width>ring width"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/wi013.txt","linkText":"wi013.txt","urlDescription":"Correlation Stats","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>width>ring width"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/wi013.rwl","linkText":"wi013.rwl","urlDescription":"Raw Measurements","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"physical property>length>total ring width"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>width>ring width"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/wi013-noaa.rwl","linkText":"wi013-noaa.rwl","urlDescription":"Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":"age_CE","cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Tree ID: TC84_54; 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Britton, Sterns, & Poggenb.","speciesCode":"PCMA"}],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Two Creeks"}],"studyCode":"WI013","studyName":"Kaiser - Two Creeks - PCMA - ITRDB WI013","studyNotes":"Collection purpose: \n# Determination of Two Creeks Insterstadial, meltwater event\n# \n# Cores are stored at: \n# WSL\n# \n# Notes: \n# Older Dryas/early Alleroed, cal. 12000-11750 BP\n# Formerly Two Creeks (TC)\n# \n# References:\n# Kaiser K.F.(1994) \n# Two Creeks Interstadial dated through dendrochronology and AMS, \n# QR 42, 288-298.; \n# Kaiser, K.F. (1993): Beitrage zur Klimageschichte \n# vom spaten Hochglazial bis ins fruhe Holozan ... \n# Ziegler Druck- und Verlags-AG, Winterthur. 203p. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"14531"}