{"NOAAStudyId":"16943","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-06-23","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"TREE RING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/tree-ring","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-tree-16943.xml","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/zmr5-vf04","earliestYearBP":183,"earliestYearCE":1767,"entryId":"noaa-tree-16943","funding":[],"investigators":"Paritsis, J.; Veblen, T.T.","mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16943","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"In the temperate forests of the southern Andes, Nothofagus pumilio, the dominant species of the most extensive forest type, experiences severe defoliation caused by caterpillars of the Ormiscodes genus (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). This study uses tree rings to reconstruct the history of Ormiscodes outbreaks for the 1850-2005 period and examines relationships between outbreaks and climate variability. We used local climate records to compare outbreak-climate relationships in the northern Patagonian Andes (c. 41°S) and the cooler southern Patagonian Andes (c. 49°S). We also examined relationships between outbreak events and regional climate variability driven by variability in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Although relationships between Ormiscodes outbreaks and climate proved to be complex, in northern Patagonia defoliation events are associated with drier and warmer than average growing seasons. Warming and drying trends in Patagonia during the latter part of the 20th century have been linked to a positive trend in SAM. During the post-1976 period of accelerated warming in Patagonia, widespread defoliation outbreaks have occurred in both northern and southern Patagonia but the increase in frequency of events has been greater in the south. In southern Patagonia the increases in frequency of outbreaks in the late 20th century appear to be unprecedented over the c. 150 year tree-ring record of reconstructed outbreaks. These results are consistent with the greater magnitude of recent warming in southern Patagonia, and suggest that under predicted warmer and drier climates in the 21st century, defoliator outbreaks may continue to increase in frequency. This study is the first systematic reconstruction of past insect outbreaks in South America and provides a preliminary understanding of how climate variability affects defoliator outbreaks in Patagonian Nothofagus forests.","author":{"name":"Juan Paritsis and Thomas T. Veblen"},"citation":"Juan Paritsis and Thomas T. Veblen. 2011. Dendroecological analysis of defoliator outbreaks on Nothofagus pumilio and their relation to climate variability in the Patagonian Andes. Global Change Biology, 17(18), 239-253. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02255.x","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02255.x","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02255.x"},"issue":"18","journal":"Global Change Biology","pages":"239-253","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Dendroecological analysis of defoliator outbreaks on Nothofagus pumilio and their relation to climate variability in the Patagonian Andes","type":"publication","volume":"17"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["lenga","NOPU","Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. & Endl.) Reiche"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56232","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-40.8833","-71.7"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-71.7","maxElevationMeters":"1450","minElevationMeters":"1450","northernmostLatitude":"-40.8833","southernmostLatitude":"-40.8833","westernmostLongitude":"-71.7"}},"locationName":"Continent>South America>Argentina","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"27139","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>width>ring width"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/arge125.txt","linkText":"arge125.txt","urlDescription":"Correlation Stats","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>width>ring width"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/southamerica/arge125.rwl","linkText":"arge125.rwl","urlDescription":"Raw Measurements","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"physical property>length>total ring width"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>width>ring width"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/southamerica/arge125-noaa.rwl","linkText":"arge125-noaa.rwl","urlDescription":"Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":"age_CE","cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Tree ID: 06_01a; 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Reiche","speciesCode":"NOPU"}],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Cerro Colorado 2"}],"studyCode":"ARGE125","studyName":"Paritsis - Cerro Colorado 2 - NOPU - ITRDB ARGE125","studyNotes":"Purpose of Collection:\n# Ecology - insect outbreaks\n# \n# Cores are stored at:\n# Biogeography Lab, Geography Department, University of Colorado at Boulder\n# \n# Notes:\n# Most tree ring samples were collected during the growing season, so the most recent ring \n# is not a complete ring. The most recent ring was therefore not used in the analysis by \n# Paritsis and Veblen (2011). NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-04-29.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"14655"}