{"NOAAStudyId":"17230","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-09-22","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"TREE RING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/tree-ring","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-tree-17230.xml","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/h472-et21","earliestYearBP":40,"earliestYearCE":1910,"entryId":"noaa-tree-17230","funding":[],"investigators":"Walker, D.M.; Copenheaver, C.A.","mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17230","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Context: \r\nHemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) is an invasive insect that is defoliating and killing eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) in the USA.\r\nAims: \r\nWe quantified changes in tree-ring growth rates and wood anatomy for living trees infested with hemlock woolly adelgid across six sites from Massachusetts (42°41'N) to Georgia (34°53'N) to identify growth responses of eastern hemlock that had survived infestation.\r\nMethods: \r\nAnnual ring widths from infested eastern hemlocks were cross-dated and measured. Growth rates before and after infestation were compared. Two infested trees from Virginia were cut, and thin sections were prepared to identify changes in cell properties.\r\nResults: \r\nAt three sites, trees experienced a significant decrease in radial growth after hemlock woolly adelgid arrival; however, the other three sites showed no change or increase in growth. Latewood produced after hemlock woolly adelgid infestation had significantly smaller cells with reduced cell wall thickness compared to latewood prior to infestation.\r\nConclusion: \r\nAt half the sites where hemlock woolly adelgid infested eastern hemlock trees were sampled, radial growth increased or remained unchanged. This unexpected response may be due to reduced competition due to mortality of other eastern hemlocks or physiological compensatory responses of increased photosynthetic rate and increased water use efficiency experienced by eastern hemlock infested with hemlock woolly adelgid. ","author":{"name":"David M. Walker, Carolyn A. Copenheaver, Audrey Zink-Sharp"},"citation":"David M. Walker, Carolyn A. Copenheaver, Audrey Zink-Sharp. 2014. Radial growth changes following hemlock woolly adelgid infestation of eastern hemlock. Annals of Forest Science, 71(5), 595-602. doi: 10.1007/s13595-014-0367-3","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/s13595-014-0367-3","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-014-0367-3"},"issue":"5","journal":"Annals of Forest Science","pages":"595-602","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Radial growth changes following hemlock woolly adelgid infestation of eastern hemlock","type":"publication","volume":"71"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.","TSCA","eastern hemlock"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56287","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["35.2833","-82.7167"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-82.7167","maxElevationMeters":"670","minElevationMeters":"670","northernmostLatitude":"35.2833","southernmostLatitude":"35.2833","westernmostLongitude":"-82.7167"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>North Carolina","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"27453","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>width>ring width"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/nc024.txt","linkText":"nc024.txt","urlDescription":"Correlation Stats","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>width>ring width"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/nc024.rwl","linkText":"nc024.rwl","urlDescription":"Raw Measurements","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"physical property>length>total ring width"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>width>ring width"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/nc024-noaa.rwl","linkText":"nc024-noaa.rwl","urlDescription":"Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Tree ID: PNF15b; 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units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":"pnf03b_raw","cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"physical property>length>total ring width"}]}],"dataTableName":"NC024","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1910,"earliestYearBP":40,"earliestYearCE":1910,"mostRecentYear":2010,"mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"species":[{"commonName":["eastern hemlock"],"scientificName":"Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.","speciesCode":"TSCA"}],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"North Carolina-HWA"}],"studyCode":"NC024","studyName":"Walker - North Carolina-HWA - TSCA - ITRDB NC024","studyNotes":"Purpose of Collection:\n# Ecology - insect outbreaks\n# \n# Cores are stored at:\n# Virginia Tech Tree-Ring Lab\n# \n# Notes:\n# These cores were collected because of an insect outbreak. \n# Not recommended for use in climate reconstruction. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"14896"}