{"NOAAStudyId":"17576","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-12-10","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"TREE RING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/tree-ring","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-tree-17576.xml","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/6w4j-c531","earliestYearBP":999,"earliestYearCE":951,"entryId":"noaa-tree-17576","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Edwards, T.W.D.; Birks, S.J.; Luckman, B.H.; MacDonald, G.M.","mostRecentYearBP":-40,"mostRecentYearCE":1990,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17576","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Modelling of tree-ring d13C and d18O data from the Columbia Icefield area in the eastern Rocky Mountains of western Canada provides fuller understanding of climatic and hydrologic variability over the past 1000 yr in this region, based on reconstruction of changes in growth season atmospheric relative humidity (RHgrs), winter temperature (Twin) and the precipitation d18O-Twin relation. The Little Ice Age (~AD 1530s-1890s) is marked by low RHgrs and Twin and a d18O-Twin relation offset from that of the present, reflecting enhanced meridional circulation and persistent influence of Arctic air masses. Independent proxy hydrologic evidence suggests that snowmelt sustained relatively abundant streamflow at this time in rivers draining the eastern Rockies. In contrast, the early millennium was marked by higher RHgrs and Twin and a d18O-Twin relation like that of the 20th century, consistent with pervasive influence of Pacific air masses because of strong zonal circulation. Especially mild conditions prevailed during the \"Medieval Climate Anomaly\" ~AD 1100-1250, corresponding with evidence for reduced discharge in rivers draining the eastern Rockies and extensive hydrological drought in neighbouring western USA.","author":{"name":"Thomas W.D. Edwards, S. Jean Birks, Brian H. Luckman, Glen M. MacDonald"},"citation":"Thomas W.D. Edwards, S. Jean Birks, Brian H. Luckman, Glen M. MacDonald. 2008. Climatic and hydrologic variability during the past millennium in the eastern Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains of western Canada. Quaternary Research, 70(2), 188-197. doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2008.04.013","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.yqres.2008.04.013","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.04.013"},"issue":"2","journal":"Quaternary Research","pages":"188-197","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2008,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Climatic and hydrologic variability during the past millennium in the eastern Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains of western Canada","type":"publication","volume":"70"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction","Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56362","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["52","53","-119","-117"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-117","maxElevationMeters":"3000","minElevationMeters":"3000","northernmostLatitude":"53","southernmostLatitude":"52","westernmostLongitude":"-119"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Canada>British Columbia","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"27894","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/isotope/northamerica/canada/columbia2008iso.txt","linkText":"Decadal Tree-Ring Isotope, RH, and Temperature","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized from 1941-1990 reference period","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>growing season","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate ratio>relative humidity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized from 1941-1990 reference period","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>winter","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age>age at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age>age at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"average of 16 trees, 2-5 radii each; corrected for the decrease in atmospheric δ13C values due to the rise in CO2 caused by fossil fuel combustion since the beginning of the industrialization\"","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"average of 16 trees, 2-5 radii each; corrected for the decrease in atmospheric δ13C values due to the rise in CO2 caused by fossil fuel combustion since the beginning of the industrialization\"","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"average of 16 trees, 2-5 radii each; corrected for the decrease in atmospheric δ13C values due to the rise in CO2 caused by fossil fuel combustion since the beginning of the industrialization\"","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"average of 16 trees, 2-5 radii each; corrected for the decrease in atmospheric δ13C values due to the rise in CO2 caused by fossil fuel combustion since the beginning of the industrialization\"","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"average of 12 trees, 2-4 radii each\"","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"average of 12 trees, 2-4 radii each\"","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Columbia2008iso","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":951,"earliestYearBP":999,"earliestYearCE":951,"mostRecentYear":1990,"mostRecentYearBP":-40,"mostRecentYearCE":1990,"species":[{"commonName":["Engelmann spruce"],"scientificName":"Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.","speciesCode":"PCEN"},{"commonName":["whitebark pine"],"scientificName":"Pinus albicaulis Engelm.","speciesCode":"PIAL"}],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Columbia Icefield"}],"studyCode":"IITRDB12","studyName":"Columbia Icefield 1,000 Year Decadal Tree-Ring Isotope, RH, and Temperature","studyNotes":"Tree-ring isotopic data (d18O and d13C) from the Columbia Icefield area \r\nof the Canadian Rockies at decadal resolution, plus reconstructed winter temperature (Twin) and growth season atmospheric relative humidity (RHgrs) over the past 1000 years.  Composite d13C and d18O chronologies spanning AD 951-1990 were developed from cross-dated 10-yr increments of Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce) and Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine) collected from 16 subfossil snags and living-tree sequences at three sites near the Athabasca, Robson, and Bennington glaciers.  Carbon-isotope analyses were performed on cellulose by closed-tube combustion followed by dual-inlet mass spectrometry.  The d13C data were corrected for changing d13C of atmospheric CO2 post-1850. Cellulose oxygen-isotope data were obtained by high-temperature pyrolysis followed by CF-IRMS.  Growth season RH and winter T were reconstructed using a coupled isotope response-surface approach. See Edwards et al. (2008) for full details.\r\nIITRDB12","version":"1.0","xmlId":"15259"}