{"NOAAStudyId":"20904","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-06-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"TREE RING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/tree-ring","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-tree-20904.xml","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/gtvq-9z90","earliestYearBP":1000,"earliestYearCE":950,"entryId":"noaa-tree-20904","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"German Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF)","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"European Union","fundingGrant":"ALPIMP, ISONET"},{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"NCCR-Climate"}],"investigators":"Treydte, K.; Schleser, G.H.; Helle, G.; Frank, D.C.; Winiger, M.; Haug, G.H.; Esper, J.; Saurer, M.","mostRecentYearBP":-48,"mostRecentYearCE":1998,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20904","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Twentieth-century warming could lead to increases in the moisture-holding capacity of the atmosphere, altering the hydrological cycle and the characteristics of precipitation. Such changes in the global rate and distribution of precipitation may have a greater direct effect on human well-being and ecosystem dynamics than changes in temperature itself. Despite the co-variability of both of these climate variables, attention in long-term climate reconstruction has mainly concentrated on temperature changes. Here we present an annually resolved oxygen isotope record from tree-rings, providing a millennial-scale reconstruction of precipitation variability in the high mountains of northern Pakistan. The climatic signal originates mainly from winter precipitation, and is robust over ecologically different sites. Centennial-scale variations reveal dry conditions at the beginning of the past millennium and through the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, with precipitation increasing during the late nineteenth and the twentieth centuries to yield the wettest conditions of the past 1,000 years. Comparison with other long-term precipitation reconstructions indicates a large-scale intensification of the hydrological cycle coincident with the onset of industrialization and global warming, and the unprecedented amplitude argues for a human role.","author":{"name":"Kerstin S. Treydte, Gerhard H. Schleser, Gerhard Helle, David C. Frank, Matthias Winiger, Gerald H. Haug and Jan Esper"},"citation":"Kerstin S. Treydte, Gerhard H. Schleser, Gerhard Helle, David C. Frank, Matthias Winiger, Gerald H. Haug and Jan Esper. 2006. The twentieth century was the wettest period in northern Pakistan over the past millennium. Nature, 440(7088), 1179-1182. doi: 10.1038/nature04743","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nature04743","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04743"},"issue":"7088","journal":"Nature","pages":"1179-1182","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2006,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The twentieth century was the wettest period in northern Pakistan over the past millennium","type":"publication","volume":"440"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Kerstin S. Treydte, David C. Frank, Matthias Saurer, Gerhard Helle, Gerhard H. Schleser, Jan Esper"},"citation":"Kerstin S. Treydte, David C. Frank, Matthias Saurer, Gerhard Helle, Gerhard H. Schleser, Jan Esper. 2009. Impact of climate and CO2 on a millennium-long tree-ring carbon isotope record. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73(16), 4635-4647. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.057","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.057","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.057"},"issue":"16","journal":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","pages":"4635-4647","pubRank":"2","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Impact of climate and CO2 on a millennium-long tree-ring carbon isotope record","type":"publication","volume":"73"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["precipitation"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"37305","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["35.9","74.9333"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"74.9333","maxElevationMeters":"3050","minElevationMeters":"3050","northernmostLatitude":"35.9","southernmostLatitude":"35.9","westernmostLongitude":"74.9333"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Southcentral Asia>Pakistan","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31614","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/isotope/asia/pakistan/karakorum2006iso.txt","linkText":"Karakorum Tree Ring Stable Isotope Data ","urlDescription":"Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"arithmetic means of five single trees","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"obtained by pooling the rings of the same trees before single-series measurements","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/isotope/asia/pakistan/karakorum2006iso.xls","linkText":"Karakorum Tree Ring Stable Isotope Data ","urlDescription":"Excel Data File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Bagrot13C","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1900,"earliestYearBP":50,"earliestYearCE":1900,"mostRecentYear":1998,"mostRecentYearBP":-48,"mostRecentYearCE":1998,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Bagrot Valley 3"},{"NOAASiteId":"52937","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["36.6167","74.9833"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"74.9833","maxElevationMeters":"3900","minElevationMeters":"3900","northernmostLatitude":"36.6167","southernmostLatitude":"36.6167","westernmostLongitude":"74.9833"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Southcentral Asia>Pakistan","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31615","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/isotope/asia/pakistan/karakorum2006iso.txt","linkText":"Karakorum Tree Ring Stable Isotope Data ","urlDescription":"Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"arithmetic means of five single trees","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"obtained by pooling the rings of the same trees before single-series measurements","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/isotope/asia/pakistan/karakorum2006iso.xls","linkText":"Karakorum Tree Ring Stable Isotope Data ","urlDescription":"Excel Data File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Boibar13C","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":950,"earliestYearBP":1000,"earliestYearCE":950,"mostRecentYear":1998,"mostRecentYearBP":-48,"mostRecentYearCE":1998,"species":[{"commonName":["Greek juniper","Grecian juniper"],"scientificName":"Juniperus excelsa M.-Bieb.","speciesCode":"JUEX"}],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Boibar Valley 1"}],"studyCode":"IITRDB17","studyName":"Karakorum Mountains, Pakistan 1000 Year Tree Ring Stable Isotope Data","studyNotes":"Oxygen and carbon stable isotope data from tree rings collected in the Karakorum Mountains, northern Pakistan, for the past century and millennium. IITRDB17","version":"1.0","xmlId":"18792"}