# Global Holocene Paleodust Database
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# Template Version 2.0
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20529  
# Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/loess/albani2015/albani2015gc66-mar.txt 
#
# Original_Source_URL: 
# 
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Archive: Loess
#
# Parameter_Keywords: 
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2016-09-16
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Global Holocene Paleodust Database
#--------------------
# Investigators
# 	Investigators: Albani, S.; Mahowald, N.M.; Winckler, G.; Anderson, R.F.; Bradtmiller, L.I.; Delmonte, B.; François, R.; Goman, M.; Heavens, N.G.; Hesse, P.P; Hovan, S.A.; Kang, S.G.; Kohfeld, K.E.; Lu, H.; Maggi, V.; Mason, J.A.; Mayewski, P.A.; McGee, D.; Miao, X.; Otto-Bliesner, B.L.; Perry, A.T.; Pourmand, A.; Roberts, H.M.; Rosenbloom, N.; Stevens, T.; Sun, J.
#--------------------
# Description_and_Notes
#	Description: Mineral dust data (dust mass accumulation rates and particle grain size distributions) derived from a global set of 45 
#	ice core, marine sediment, loess-paleosol, lake sediment, and peat bog records. 
#	Provided Keywords: Dust Mass Accumulation Rate (DMAR), grain size
#--------------------
# Publication 
#	Authors: S. Albani, N.M. Mahowald, G. Winckler, R.F. Anderson, L.I. Bradtmiller, B. Delmonte, R. François, M. Goman, N.G. Heavens, P.P. Hesse, S.A. Hovan, S.G. Kang, K.E. Kohfeld, H. Lu, V. Maggi, J.A. Mason, P.A. Mayewski, D. McGee, X. Miao, B.L. Otto-Bliesner, A.T. Perry, A. Pourmand, H.M. Roberts, N. Rosenbloom, T. Stevens, and J. Sun
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2015-06-11
#	Published_Title: Twelve thousand years of dust: the Holocene global dust cycle constrained by natural archives
#	Journal_Name: Climate of the Past
#	Volume: 11
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 6
#	Pages: 869-903
#	Report_Number: 
#	DOI: 10.5194/cp-11-869-2015
#	Online_Resource: http://www.clim-past.net/11/869/2015/cp-11-869-2015.html
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: Mineral dust plays an important role in the climate system by interacting with radiation, clouds, and biogeochemical cycles. In addition, natural archives show that the dust cycle experienced variability in the past in response to global and local climate change. The compilation of the DIRTMAP (Dust Indicators and Records from Terrestrial and MArine Palaeoenvironments) paleodust data sets in the last 2 decades provided a benchmark for paleoclimate models that include the dust cycle, following a time slice approach. We propose an innovative framework to organize a paleodust data set that builds on the positive experience of DIRTMAP and takes into account new scientific challenges by providing a concise and accessible data set of temporally resolved records of dust mass accumulation rates and particle grain size distributions. We consider data from ice cores, marine sediments, loess-paleosol sequences, lake sediments, and peat bogs for this compilation, with a temporal focus on the Holocene period. This global compilation allows the investigation of the potential, uncertainties, and confidence level of dust mass accumulation rate reconstructions and highlights the importance of dust particle size information for accurate and quantitative reconstructions of the dust cycle. After applying criteria that help to establish that the data considered represent changes in dust deposition, 45 paleodust records have been identified, with the highest density of dust deposition data occurring in the North Atlantic region. Although the temporal evolution of dust in the North Atlantic appears consistent across several cores and suggests that minimum dust fluxes are likely observed during the early to mid-Holocene period (6000-8000 years ago), the magnitude of dust fluxes in these observations is not fully consistent, suggesting that more work needs to be done to synthesize data sets for the Holocene. Based on the data compilation, we used the Community Earth System Model to estimate the mass balance of and variability in the global dust cycle during the Holocene, with dust loads ranging from 17.2 to 20.8 Tg between 2000 and 10 000 years ago and with a minimum in the early to mid-Holocene (6000-8000 years ago).
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation 
#	Grant: 0932946, 1003509, AGS-1003505 
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: US Department of Energy 
#	Grant: SC00006735
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Dote ricercatori
#	Grant: FSE, Regione Lombardia 
#------------------
# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: OC437-07-GC66
#	Location: Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean
#	Country:  
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 19.944
#	Southernmost_Latitude: 19.944
#	Easternmost_Longitude: -17.86
#	Westernmost_Longitude: -17.86
#	Elevation:  m  
#------------------
# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Albani2015GC66-MAR 
#	Earliest_Year: 11950
#	Most_Recent_Year: 360
#	Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP
#	Core_Length: m
#	Notes: 
#------------------
# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
# 	
#----------------
# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) 
#
## age_calkaBP	age, , , calendar Kyears before present, , , , ,N
## dustMAR	dust mass accumulation rate, , , g/m2/a, , , , ,N 
## age_err	age error, , , calendar Kyears, , , , ,N
## dustMARerr	dust mass accumulation rate error, , , g/m2/a, , , , ,N 
## depth_top	depth top, , , cm, , , , ,N
## depth_bot	depth bottom, , , cm, , , , ,N
## depth_cm	depth center, , , cm, , , , ,N
## age_top	age top, , , calendar Kyears before present, , , , ,N
## age_bot	age bottom, , , calendar Kyears before present, , , , ,N
## age_calkaBP	age center, , , calendar Kyears before present, , , , ,N
## SBMAR	Sediment bulk mass accumulation rate, , , g/m2/a, , , , ,N 
## SBMARerr	Sediment bulk mass accumulation rate relative error, , , g/m2/a, , , , ,N 
## SDBD	Sediment dry bulk density, , , g/cm3, , , , ,N 
## SDBDerr	Sediment dry bulk density relative error, , , g/cm3, , , , ,N 
## SR	Sedimentation Rate, , , cm/ka, , , , ,N 
## SRerr	Sedimentation Rate relative error, , , cm/ka, , , , ,N 
## EC	Eolian Content, , , , , , fraction, ,N 
## ECppm	Eolian Content, , , ppm, , , fraction, ,N 
## ECerr	Eolian Content relative error, , , cm/ka, , , , ,N 
#
#----------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  NA
#
age_calkaBP	dustMAR	age_err	dustMARerr	depth_top	depth_bot	depth_cm	age_top	age_bot	age_calkaBP	SBMAR	SBMARerr	SDBD	SDBDerr	SR	SRerr	EC	ECppm	ECerr
0.36	17.84	0.27	3.78	0	1	0.5	NA	NA	0.358	40.9	0.15	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.44	NA	0.15
0.69	14.53	0.27	2.82	5	6	5.5	NA	NA	0.6865	34.796	0.123	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.42	NA	0.15
0.99	13.44	0.08	2.69	10	11	10.5	NA	NA	0.989	33.405	0.132	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.4	NA	0.15
1.24	14.04	0.19	2.85	15	16	15.5	NA	NA	1.2385	35.701	0.137	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.39	NA	0.15
1.5	13.31	0.24	2.65	20	21	20.5	NA	NA	1.499	34.932	0.131	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.38	NA	0.15
1.76	11.56	0.26	2.17	25	26	25.5	NA	NA	1.7615	32.912	0.112	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.35	NA	0.15
2.03	12.08	0.27	2.43	30	31	30.5	NA	NA	2.025	33.805	0.133	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.36	NA	0.15
2.29	10.24	0.26	1.9	35	36	35.5	NA	NA	2.287	31.477	0.11	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.33	NA	0.15
2.55	9.53	0.24	1.75	40	41	40.5	NA	NA	2.5505	30.429	0.106	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.31	NA	0.15
2.81	8.35	0.19	1.55	45	46	45.5	NA	NA	2.8105	29.315	0.109	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.28	NA	0.15
3.06	7.42	0.07	1.37	50	51	50.5	NA	NA	3.056	29.078	0.108	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.26	NA	0.15
3.36	7.99	0.18	1.51	55	56	55.5	NA	NA	3.3635	28.937	0.114	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.28	NA	0.15
3.68	6.06	0.15	1.08	60	61	60.5	NA	NA	3.6845	26.391	0.096	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.23	NA	0.15
4.01	5.09	0.21	0.92	65	66	65.5	NA	NA	4.0095	24.969	0.099	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.2	NA	0.15
4.4	5	0.31	0.86	70	71	70.5	NA	NA	4.403	24.183	0.085	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.21	NA	0.15
4.8	5.23	0.36	0.91	75	76	75.5	NA	NA	4.7995	24.336	0.087	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.22	NA	0.15
5.2	6.03	0.38	1.06	80	81	80.5	NA	NA	5.1955	25.607	0.092	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.24	NA	0.15
5.59	5.03	0.36	0.87	85	86	85.5	NA	NA	5.5915	23.215	0.085	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.22	NA	0.15
5.99	5.96	0.32	1.07	90	91	90.5	NA	NA	5.986	23.712	0.098	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.25	NA	0.15
6.38	5.74	0.23	1.01	95	96	95.5	NA	NA	6.3785	22.47	0.093	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.26	NA	0.15
6.78	5.74	0.2	0.94	100	101	100.5	NA	NA	6.782	21.978	0.068	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.26	NA	0.15
7.31	5.06	0.13	0.82	105	106	105.5	NA	NA	7.313	22.114	0.063	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.23	NA	0.15
7.51	4.54	0.1	0.74	110	111	110.5	NA	NA	7.506	19.26	0.067	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.24	NA	0.15
8.21	5.08	0.15	0.83	130	131	130.5	NA	NA	8.213	20.338	0.067	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.25	NA	0.15
8.57	5.79	0.15	0.93	140	141	140.5	NA	NA	8.569	21.905	0.059	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.26	NA	0.15
9.3	5.82	0.14	0.94	160	161	160.5	NA	NA	9.296	22.515	0.059	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.26	NA	0.15
10.12	5.27	0.14	0.84	180	181	180.5	NA	NA	10.118	20.366	0.051	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.26	NA	0.15
10.32	5.74	0.12	0.94	185	186	185.5	NA	NA	10.323	21.657	0.065	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.26	NA	0.15
10.52	5.98	0.08	0.97	190	191	190.5	NA	NA	10.523	21.638	0.064	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.28	NA	0.15
10.66	5.66	0.06	0.93	195	196	195.5	NA	NA	10.659	21.375	0.067	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.26	NA	0.15
10.78	6.15	0.1	1.01	200	201	200.5	NA	NA	10.776	21.537	0.066	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.29	NA	0.15
11.01	6.14	0.11	1.02	210	211	210.5	NA	NA	11.01	21.438	0.071	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.29	NA	0.15
11.25	6.79	0.13	1.15	220	221	220.5	NA	NA	11.245	22.963	0.079	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.3	NA	0.15
11.48	6.97	0.15	1.19	230	231	230.5	NA	NA	11.48	22.451	0.081	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.31	NA	0.15
11.71	11.5	0.16	2.07	240	241	240.5	NA	NA	11.714	29.097	0.1	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.4	NA	0.15
11.83	14.49	0.16	2.73	245	246	245.5	NA	NA	11.833	32.925	0.114	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.44	NA	0.15
11.95	16.86	0.17	3.65	250	251	250.5	NA	NA	11.95	39.985	0.156	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.42	NA	0.15