#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#                World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 

# NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data,
# plus the Online Resource and date accessed.

# Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/penny/penny95/d18o/del25ysg_954.txt
# Archive: Ice core
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
# Date: 03-Jan-2015
#--------------------
# Title
# Study_name: Penny Ice Cap Baffin Island Ice core d18O
#--------------------
# Investigators
# Investigators: Fisher, David A. and Koerner, Roy M. and Bourgeois, Jocelyne C. and Zielinski, Greg and Wake, Cameron and Hammer, Claus U. and Clausen, H. B. and Gundestrup, N. and Johnsen, Sigfus and Goto-Azuma, Kumiko and Hondoh, Takeo and Blake, Erik and Gerasimoff, Mike
#--------------------
# Publication
#       Authors: McKay, N.P. and Kaufman, D.S. 
#       Journal_Name: Nature Scientific Data
#       Published Title: An extended Arctic proxy temperature database for the past 2,000 years 
#       Published Date: August 2014 
#       DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2014.26 
#       Abstract: Robust climate reconstructions of the most recent centuries and millennia are invaluable for placing modern warming in the context of natural variability. Here we present an extended and revised database (version 1.1) of proxy temperature records recently used to reconstruct Arctic temperatures for the past 2,000 years. The datasets are presented in a machine-readable format, and have been extended with the geochronologic data and consistently generated time-uncertain ensembles, which will be useful in future analyses of the influence of geochronologic uncertainty. A revised reconstruction using the included updates and corrections suggests a stronger long-term cooling trend between AD 1 and 1900 than previously reported, although decadal to century variability remains consistent with previous studies. Comparisons with the observational record of temperature suggest that as a whole, the datasets faithfully record temperature variability across the Arctic, especially in northeast Canada and Greenland, where the density of records is highest. 
#--------------------
# Publication
#       Authors: Fisher, David A. and Koerner, Roy M. and Bourgeois, Jocelyne C. and Zielinski, Greg and Wake, Cameron and Hammer, Claus U. and Clausen, H. B. and Gundestrup, N. and Johnsen, Sigfus and Goto-Azuma, Kumiko and Hondoh, Takeo and Blake, Erik and Gerasimoff, Mike 
#       Journal Name: Science 
#       Published Title: Penny Ice Cap Cores, Baffin Island, Canada, and the Wisconsinan Foxe Dome Connection: Two States of Hudson Bay Ice Cover 
#       Published Date: 1998 
#       DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5351.692 
#       Abstract: Ice cores from Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada, provide continuous Holocene records of oxygen isotopic composition (?18O, proxy for temperature) and atmospheric impurities. A time scale was established with the use of altered seasonal variations, some volcanic horizons, and the age for the end of the Wisconsin ice age determined from the GRIP and GISP2 ice cores. There is pre-Holocene ice near the bed. The change in ?18O since the last glacial maximum (LGM) is at least 12.5 per mil, compared with an expected value of 7 per mil, suggesting that LGM ice originated at the much higher elevations of the then existing Foxe Dome and Foxe Ridge of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The LGM d18O values suggest thick ice frozen to the bed of Hudson Bay. 
#--------------------
# Site_Information
#        Site_Name: Penny Ice Cap
#        Region: Arctic
#        Northernmost Latitude: 67.25
#        Southernmost Latitude: 67.25
#        Easternmost Longitude: -66.75
#        Westernmost Longitude: -66.75
#--------------------
# Data_Collection
#        Collection_Name: Fisher.1998.Penny Ice Cap
#        Earliest_Year: 5
#        Most_Recent_Year: 1980
#        Time_Unit: AD
#--------------------
# Chronology
#--------------------
# Variables
# Data line variables format:  9 components, and a 10th for climate-sensitive variables: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, direction of relation to climate (positive or negative)
## year_AD	 age, , , AD, , ,bottom of sample, ,N 
## d18O_permil	 delta 18O,ice,,permil,Annual,Ice Core,,,N,positive
#--------------------
# Data
# Missing_Values: NA
# Age Ensembles archived at Fisher.1998.Penny Ice Cap_AgeEnsemble.nc 
#year_AD	d18O_permil	
5	 -24.4961
30	 -23.7103
55	 -23.8844
80	 -23.8177
105	 -24.2269
130	 -23.8702
155	 -23.4817
180	 -23.4861
205	 -24.9171
230	 -24.1387
255	 -24.2848
280	 -24.1377
305	 -24.3700
330	 -24.2376
355	 -23.9733
380	 -23.6605
405	 -23.8488
430	 -24.4284
455	 -24.2800
480	 -23.8699
505	 -24.0217
530	 -23.6045
555	 -24.1057
580	 -24.2279
605	 -24.2847
630	 -24.3695
655	 -24.1280
680	 -24.5117
705	 -24.2519
730	 -24.1640
755	 -24.1182
780	 -23.9845
805	 -24.1983
830	 -24.2749
855	 -24.3155
880	 -24.0786
905	 -24.0786
930	 -23.9228
955	 -24.0185
980	 -24.7188
1005	 -24.3009
1030	 -24.2004
1055	 -24.1054
1080	 -24.0712
1105	 -24.3934
1130	 -24.0811
1155	 -24.6711
1180	 -23.6473
1205	 -24.2987
1230	 -24.0002
1255	 -24.6458
1280	 -24.5008
1305	 -23.9456
1330	 -24.2147
1355	 -23.6743
1380	 -24.2874
1405	 -23.9306
1430	 -24.0599
1455	 -24.5308
1480	 -24.1072
1505	 -24.3774
1530	 -24.7330
1555	 -24.9020
1580	 -23.8977
1605	 -23.9462
1630	 -23.5986
1655	 -24.4806
1680	 -24.4104
1705	 -24.7863
1730	 -24.6990
1755	 -24.3235
1780	 -24.4846
1805	 -24.3462
1830	 -24.5694
1855	 -24.3414
1880	 -24.2922
1905	 -23.6860
1930	 -23.8947
1955	 -24.2954
1980	 -24.2424
