Lake Telmen, Mongolia Sediment Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Lake Telmen, Mongolia Sediment Data LAST UPDATE: 1/2003 (Original Receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: J.A. Peck, University of Akron, and P. Khosbayar, Mongolian Academy of Sciences IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2003-001 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Peck, J.A., et al., 2003, Lake Telmen, Mongolia Sediment Data, IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series #2003-001. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Peck, J.A., Khosbayar, P., Fowell, S.J., Pearce, R.B., Aurienbyleg K., Hansen, B.C.S., and Soninkhishig, N., 2002. Mid to Late Holocene climate change in northcentral Mongolia as recorded in the sediments of Lake Telmen. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 182, 135-153. FUNDING SOURCE: National Science Foundation, USA. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Mongolia PERIOD OF RECORD: 7,100 - 0 cal yr BP ABSTRACT: A record of climatic change has been reconstructed for the past 7110 calibrated calendar (cal) years for Lake Telmen, Mongolia, based upon sedimentologic and geomorphic evidence from the lake-watershed system. Lake Telmen is a saline (presently 4 g l-1) closed-basin lake and is therefore sensitive to changes in effective moisture balance. Between 7110 and 6260 cal yr ago, conditions in the Lake Telmen region were hyperarid and a small saline (approximately 20 g l-1) lake was present. Increased effective moisture balance but still arid conditions prevailed between 6260 and 4390 cal yr ago. Since 4390 cal yr ago, generally more humid conditions prevailed in the Lake Telmen region. As the lake deepened, a hypoxic hypolimnion became established below a well-developed summer thermocline resulting in varved sediment accumulation since 4390 cal yr ago. Between about 2710 and 1260 cal yr ago, a greater than present-day effective moisture balance is recorded by a series of four lake highstand terraces. Sedimentologic profiles from lacustrine cores suggest an increase in effective moisture during the past approximately 680 cal yr. DESCRIPTION: Data from cores TN98C2, TN99C1 and TN99C4 from Lake Telmen, Mongolia. Location: 48 49'N, 97 20'E, 1789m. elev., 27m. maximum depth. Data include sedimentary physical property values for core TN98C2, plus wet bulk density values, loss-on-ignition, pollen and diatom values, carbonate content, and radiocarbon dates for cores TN99C1 and TN99C4. DATA: 1. Sedimentary physical property values for core TN98C2 taken from Lake Telmen at 48°48.776', 97°14.204', 12.8 m water depth. Core TN98C2 Subbottom X CaCO3 Water LOI Organic BD Drive Number Depth cm (10^-6 m^3 kg^-1) g/cc D1 1 0.0021759 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 1.5 -999 27.88 -999 -999 -999 D1 3 -0.0043352 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 3.5 -999 35.33 -999 -999 -999 D1 5 -0.0065393 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 5.5 -999 34.08 -999 -999 -999 D1 7 -0.0097038 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 7.5 -999 31.93 -999 -999 -999 D1 9 -0.0074847 -999 91.4 42.6 0.094 D1 9.5 -999 33.63 -999 -999 -999 D1 11 -0.0086057 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 11.5 -999 34.22 -999 -999 -999 D1 13 -0.0089597 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 13.5 -999 26.81 -999 -999 -999 D1 15 -0.0078863 -999 87.4 34.1 0.138 D1 15.5 -999 34.24 -999 -999 -999 D1 17 -0.0080605 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 17.5 -999 35.17 -999 -999 -999 D1 19 -0.0085933 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 19.5 -999 29.83 -999 -999 -999 D1 21 -0.0079724 -999 90.6 39.4 0.104 D1 21.5 -999 30.79 -999 -999 -999 D1 23 -0.0101518 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 23.5 -999 23.47 -999 -999 -999 D1 25 -0.0088835 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 25.5 -999 37.9 -999 -999 -999 D1 27 -0.0055911 -999 86 36.3 0.16 D1 27.5 -999 21.54 -999 -999 -999 D1 29 -0.0056973 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 29.5 -999 40.33 -999 -999 -999 D1 31 -0.007619 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 31.5 -999 41.48 -999 -999 -999 D1 33 -0.0071811 -999 84.8 36.6 0.172 D1 33.5 -999 43.14 -999 -999 -999 D1 35 -0.0085263 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 35.5 -999 49.48 -999 -999 -999 D1 37 -0.0063811 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 37.5 -999 50.2 -999 -999 -999 D1 39 -0.0077917 -999 81.7 28.8 0.212 D1 39.5 -999 48.53 -999 -999 -999 D1 41 -0.0085601 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 43 -0.0077772 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 43.5 -999 44.22 -999 -999 -999 D1 45 -0.0063435 -999 83.6 31.2 0.186 D1 45.5 -999 43.5 -999 -999 -999 D1 47 -0.0031065 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 47.5 -999 40.91 -999 -999 -999 D1 49 -0.0043007 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 49.5 -999 46.96 -999 -999 -999 D1 51 -0.0090218 -999 85.2 30.5 0.164 D1 51.5 -999 46.98 -999 -999 -999 D1 53 -0.0078713 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 53.5 -999 47.31 -999 -999 -999 D1 55 -0.0078284 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 55.5 -999 48.98 -999 -999 -999 D1 57 -0.0089741 -999 83.9 30.2 0.192 D1 57.5 -999 55.54 -999 -999 -999 D1 59 -0.0093836 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 59.5 -999 50.15 -999 -999 -999 D1 61 -0.0054266 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 61.5 -999 50.4 -999 -999 -999 D1 63 -0.0066344 -999 82 27.6 0.217 D1 63.5 -999 49.77 -999 -999 -999 D1 65 -0.0080527 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 65.5 -999 43.76 -999 -999 -999 D1 67 -0.0056951 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 69 -0.0066505 -999 80.9 29.6 0.223 D1 69.5 -999 45.68 -999 -999 -999 D1 71 -0.0066792 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 71.5 -999 47.55 -999 -999 -999 D1 73 -0.0042806 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 73.5 -999 44.86 -999 -999 -999 D1 75 -0.0076302 -999 82.1 35.6 0.219 D1 75.5 -999 45.78 -999 -999 -999 D1 77 -0.0066406 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 77.5 -999 43.5 -999 -999 -999 D1 79 -0.0044536 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 79.5 -999 43.35 -999 -999 -999 D1 81 -0.0032685 -999 79.3 31.2 0.253 D1 81.5 -999 45.48 -999 -999 -999 D1 83 -0.004182 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 85 -0.0032241 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 85.5 -999 41.42 -999 -999 -999 D1 87 -0.0045153 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 87.5 -999 48.39 -999 -999 -999 D1 89 -0.0074807 -999 79.9 29.6 0.24 D1 89.5 -999 46.4 -999 -999 -999 D1 91 -0.0042161 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 93 -0.005126 -999 -999 -999 -999 D1 95 -0.0052446 -999 76.6 30.7 0.274 D1 95.5 -999 49.55 -999 -999 -999 98.5 -999 -999 76 32.2 0.292 D2 99 -0.0057689 -999 -999 -999 -999 D2 99.5 -999 52.5 -999 -999 -999 D2 101 0.00104666 -999 -999 -999 -999 D2 101.5 -999 48.06 -999 -999 -999 D2 103 -0.0054777 -999 -999 -999 -999 D2 103.5 -999 29.61 -999 -999 -999 D2 105 -0.0073529 -999 85.5 40.7 0.167 D2 105.5 -999 31.9 -999 -999 -999 D2 107 -0.0032047 -999 -999 -999 -999 D2 107.5 -999 62.78 -999 -999 -999 D2 109 -0.0027569 -999 -999 -999 -999 D2 109.5 -999 73.9 -999 -999 -999 D2 111 -0.0066775 -999 72.6 22.4 0.348 D2 111.5 -999 61.9 -999 -999 -999 D2 113 -0.0038336 -999 73.8 23.9 0.322 D2 113.5 -999 62.31 -999 -999 -999 D2 115 0.22180102 -999 -999 -999 -999 D2 115.5 -999 25.5 -999 -999 -999 D2 117 0.48631004 -999 24.6 3.7 1.382 D2 117.5 -999 6.52 -999 -999 -999 D2 119 0.55472562 -999 -999 -999 -999 D2 119.5 -999 11.91 -999 -999 -999 D2 121 0.00728242 -999 21.4 2.2 1.382 D2 123 -0.0031695 -999 -999 -999 -999 D3 130 0.3031454 -999 -999 -999 -999 D3 132 0.41262376 -999 15.9 2.3 1.643 D3 134 0.46026517 -999 -999 -999 -999 D3 134.5 -999 4.11 -999 -999 -999 D3 136 0.41553194 -999 -999 -999 -999 D3 138 0.19190707 -999 -999 -999 -999 D3 138.5 -999 3.42 -999 -999 -999 D3 140 0.26591746 -999 -999 -999 -999 D3 142 0.25919763 -999 -999 -999 -999 D3 144 0.31093691 -999 13.3 1.2 1.499 D3 146 0.3370473 -999 -999 -999 -999 D3 146.5 -999 3.25 -999 -999 -999 D3 148 0.72226555 -999 -999 -999 -999 D3 150 0.42861269 -999 10.6 1.3 1.597 D3 152 0.5046087 -999 -999 -999 -999 D3 154.5 -999 -999 12 2.8 1.656 2. Wet bulk density values measured on a GEOTEK for cores TN99C1 and TN99C4 taken from Lake Telmen at 48°49.992', 97°23.328', 24.4 m water depth. C4 depth cm C4 WBD g/cc C1 depth cm C1 WBD g/cc 4.1 1.1476 0.1 -999 4.75986 1.13034 0.6 -999 5.41973 1.12536 1.1 -999 6.07959 1.13646 1.6 -999 6.73946 1.13493 2.1 -999 7.39932 1.13397 2.6 -999 8.05918 1.12823 3.1 -999 8.71905 1.13187 3.6 -999 9.37891 1.12479 4.1 1.14394825 10.0388 1.14356 4.6 1.1368469 10.6986 1.14068 5.1 1.13914834 11.3585 1.13416 5.6 1.13473868 12.0184 1.16535 6.1 1.11373136 12.6782 1.13053 6.6 1.08435878 13.3381 1.14068 7.1 1.07475202 13.998 1.13838 7.6 1.09342646 14.6578 1.12536 8.1 1.13205747 15.3177 1.12345 8.6 1.14125943 15.9776 1.12307 9.1 1.14625472 16.6374 1.1334 9.6 1.14241151 17.2973 1.13666 10.1 1.13167462 17.9571 1.14914 10.6 1.13186604 18.617 1.14856 11.1 1.13876465 19.2769 1.138 11.6 1.12956975 19.9367 1.15627 12.1 1.12651055 20.5966 1.14702 12.6 1.08851166 21.2565 1.15627 13.1 1.00239679 21.9163 1.14837 13.6 -999 22.5762 1.1403 14.1 -999 23.2361 1.1225 14.6 -999 23.8959 1.13857 15.1 -999 24.5558 1.13666 15.6 -999 25.2156 1.14164 16.1 -999 25.8755 1.12536 16.6 -999 26.5354 1.14587 17.1 -999 27.1952 1.13263 17.6 1.00773565 27.8551 1.13972 18.1 1.03177687 28.515 1.14972 18.6 1.00515717 29.1748 1.138 19.1 0.94749505 29.8347 1.14818 19.6 0.98131139 30.4946 1.14876 20.1 1.04088492 31.1544 1.13857 20.6 1.12001931 31.8143 1.14472 21.1 1.13550515 32.4741 1.14625 21.6 1.12995235 33.134 1.15164 22.1 1.13052634 33.7939 1.15203 22.6 1.14337188 34.4537 1.14088 23.1 1.13167462 35.1136 1.15936 23.6 1.10176078 35.7735 1.14702 24.1 0.9536503 36.4333 1.15974 24.6 0.87099236 37.0932 1.15608 25.1 0.98698182 37.7531 1.16341 25.6 1.11906581 38.4129 1.15164 26.1 1.15626842 39.0728 1.13359 26.6 1.13110043 39.7327 1.14222 27.1 1.130335 40.3925 1.13301 27.6 1.15241334 41.0524 1.14991 28.1 1.14471689 41.7122 1.15415 28.6 1.13378085 42.3721 1.15145 29.1 1.14875525 43.032 1.15126 29.6 1.14241151 43.6918 1.14856 30.1 1.13665519 44.3517 1.17522 30.6 1.14010775 45.0116 1.15395 31.1 1.14894768 45.6714 1.15203 31.6 1.14202743 46.3313 1.15588 32.1 1.14837043 46.9912 1.1451 32.6 1.14202743 47.651 1.16709 33.1 1.13224891 48.3109 1.15878 33.6 1.13493028 48.9707 1.1501 34.1 1.13569679 49.6306 1.16786 34.6 1.1362718 50.2905 1.16148 35.1 1.13703863 50.9503 1.16167 35.6 1.14029967 51.6102 1.15608 36.1 1.14433255 52.2701 1.15627 36.6 1.13742211 52.9299 1.16922 37.1 1.12670167 53.5898 1.1638 37.6 1.15087259 54.2497 1.15955 38.1 1.13167462 54.9095 1.15376 38.6 1.14875525 55.5694 1.16187 39.1 1.14337188 56.2293 1.15974 39.6 1.1597419 56.8891 1.16148 40.1 1.14567795 57.549 1.16206 40.6 1.14279562 58.2088 1.15261 41.1 1.13416395 58.8687 1.15974 41.6 1.14567795 59.5286 1.16573 42.1 1.1333978 60.1884 1.15145 42.6 1.14971751 60.8483 1.15107 43.1 1.12651055 61.5082 1.16187 43.6 1.14145141 62.168 1.16032 44.1 1.14471689 62.8279 1.1582 44.6 1.14740858 63.4878 1.15974 45.1 1.15260599 64.1476 1.1727 45.6 1.15453307 64.8075 1.15878 46.1 1.1458702 65.4673 1.16109 46.6 1.14914012 66.1272 1.15916 47.1 1.13493028 66.7871 1.16399 47.6 1.1610937 67.4469 1.16341 48.1 1.15453307 68.1068 1.14722 48.6 1.16051429 68.7667 1.17135 49.1 1.16302582 69.4265 1.15241 49.6 1.15665417 70.0864 1.16535 50.1 1.14817804 70.7463 1.18844 50.6 1.1676676 71.4061 1.18338 51.1 1.1610937 72.066 1.16322 51.6 1.12880468 72.7259 1.13666 52.1 1.15665417 73.3857 1.13014 52.6 1.15684707 74.0456 1.1428 53.1 1.150295 74.7054 1.13781 53.6 1.14933257 75.3653 1.15781 54.1 1.15800469 76.0252 1.14799 54.6 1.15568986 76.685 1.15357 55.1 1.15472584 77.3449 1.13531 55.6 1.1572329 78.0048 1.15588 56.1 1.16167321 78.6646 1.14856 56.6 1.14337188 79.3245 1.15338 57.1 1.15222071 79.9844 1.1503 57.6 1.15703998 80.6442 1.15222 58.1 1.15993498 81.3041 1.15974 58.6 1.13780564 81.9639 1.15145 59.1 1.14779328 82.6238 1.16535 59.6 1.14356399 83.2837 1.16303 60.1 1.1711533 83.9435 1.15569 60.6 1.15877667 84.6034 1.14433 61.1 1.15145029 85.2633 1.16805 61.6 1.16399231 85.9231 1.16438 62.1 1.1711533 86.583 1.1501 62.6 -999 87.2429 1.15878 63.1 -999 87.9027 1.16341 63.6 1.158978243 88.5626 1.15743 64.1 1.163231278 89.2224 1.14799 64.6 1.15543893 89.8823 1.15473 65.1 1.159863765 90.5422 1.15858 65.6 1.155969539 91.202 1.15222 66.1 1.160926757 91.8619 1.17755 66.6 1.164650383 92.5218 1.17445 67.1 1.170156148 93.1816 1.16902 67.6 1.166602809 93.8415 1.16322 68.1 1.159686635 94.5014 1.16206 68.6 1.174426052 95.1612 1.15376 69.1 1.164295539 95.8211 1.15434 69.6 1.158801174 96.481 1.1503 70.1 1.158978243 97.1408 1.15145 70.6 1.173002035 97.8007 1.1503 71.1 1.15703107 98.4605 1.16651 71.6 1.15049133 99.1204 1.16689 72.1 1.149432252 99.7803 1.18669 72.6 1.148549991 100.44 1.18397 73.1 1.157915983 101.1 1.16999 73.6 -999 101.582 1.17581 74.1 -999 102.064 1.17445 74.6 1.16128686 102.546 1.17639 75.1 1.15935577 103.029 1.17018 75.6 1.15145029 103.511 1.17387 76.1 1.15434031 103.993 1.16322 76.6 1.16689351 104.475 1.1609 77.1 1.15954883 104.957 1.1403 77.6 1.17794176 105.439 1.15164 78.1 1.17735934 105.921 1.14107 78.6 1.17716522 106.404 1.15395 79.1 1.15684707 106.886 1.13953 79.6 1.17561269 107.368 1.14587 80.1 1.17968966 107.85 1.13934 80.6 1.17095955 108.332 1.15203 81.1 1.16940998 108.814 1.15338 81.6 1.1711533 109.296 1.15395 82.1 1.16960364 109.779 1.1501 82.6 -999 110.261 1.1553 83.1 -999 110.743 1.16129 83.6 -999 112.189 1.15924 84.1 -999 112.671 1.16902 84.6 -999 113.154 1.1692 85.1 -999 113.636 1.17188 85.1 -999 114.118 1.17205 85.6 -999 114.6 1.19138 86.1 -999 115.043 1.1758 86.6 -999 115.485 1.17402 87.1 -999 115.928 1.17312 87.6 -999 116.37 1.17205 88.1 -999 116.813 1.17777 88.6 1.19956518 117.255 1.1792 89.1 1.17580672 117.698 1.17491 89.6 1.19273144 118.14 1.17437 90.1 1.17658293 118.583 1.18116 90.6 1.18396627 119.025 1.18905 91.1 1.19214636 119.468 1.17616 91.6 1.17580672 119.91 1.17616 92.1 1.17735934 121.68 1.17833 92.6 1.16824829 122.123 1.18047 93.1 1.15068005 122.565 1.17736 93.6 1.16379899 123.008 1.16941 94.1 1.16341238 123.45 1.17329 94.6 1.15800469 123.893 1.16515 95.1 1.16708702 124.335 1.17193 95.6 1.16457234 124.778 1.18047 96.1 1.16573272 125.22 1.17988 96.6 1.15183548 125.663 1.17387 97.1 1.14548572 133.451 1.21897 97.6 1.16631306 133.894 1.22271 98.1 1.16244606 134.336 1.20563 98.6 1.19292649 134.779 1.19663 99.1 1.18493901 135.221 1.18124 99.6 1.19546321 135.664 1.2072 100.1 1.19039175 136.106 1.20328 100.6 1.19312155 136.549 1.20269 101.1 1.17444878 136.991 1.207 101.6 1.19097651 137.434 1.19254 102.1 1.18396627 137.876 1.21956 102.6 1.17677702 138.319 1.20857 103.1 1.17076581 138.761 1.20093 103.6 1.17134706 139.204 1.20367 104.1 1.14394825 139.647 1.21092 104.6 1.15684707 140.089 1.2121 105.1 1.15781173 140.532 1.19644 105.6 1.16283256 140.974 1.21171 106.1 1.15839066 141.417 1.20152 106.6 1.14625472 141.859 1.20113 107.1 1.1597419 142.302 1.19566 107.6 1.15568986 142.744 1.19176 108.1 1.15935577 143.187 1.18786 108.6 1.13435551 143.629 1.18766 109.1 1.16708702 144.072 1.18027 109.6 1.16747406 144.514 1.17193 110.1 1.14991 144.957 1.17173 110.6 1.1655393 145.399 1.15974 111.1 1.16186641 145.842 1.17348 111.6 1.16032117 146.284 1.17212 112.1 1.17813593 146.727 1.16883 112.6 1.18007821 147.169 1.1696 113.1 1.17735934 147.612 1.17697 113.6 1.16476571 148.054 1.17619 114.1 1.18221607 148.497 1.18786 114.6 1.1925364 148.939 1.15743 115.1 1.1802725 149.382 1.17794 115.6 1.186496 149.824 1.14933 116.1 1.18610668 150.267 1.15145 116.6 1.18532819 150.709 1.16032 117.1 1.17871849 151.152 1.16535 117.6 1.18241049 151.595 1.17736 118.1 1.17289755 152.037 1.17969 118.6 1.19604889 152.48 1.17658 119.1 1.17154083 152.922 1.1793 119.6 1.17716522 153.365 1.16999 120.1 1.18299382 153.807 1.1826 120.6 1.17173461 154.25 1.17522 121.1 1.17658293 154.692 1.16883 121.6 1.18532819 155.135 1.17329 122.1 1.17095955 155.577 1.176 122.6 1.16863548 156.02 1.1727 123.1 1.19507282 156.462 1.16709 123.6 1.17037838 156.905 1.18124 124.1 1.17638886 157.347 1.16631 124.6 1.18474444 157.79 1.15473 125.1 1.16805472 158.232 1.1828 125.6 1.16960364 158.675 1.17891 126.1 1.17095955 159.117 1.17309 126.6 1.16244606 159.56 1.19644 127.1 1.19097651 160.002 1.17135 127.6 1.18805374 160.445 1.1826 128.1 1.18883289 160.887 1.17658 128.6 1.18980709 161.33 1.18241 129.1 1.19331663 161.772 1.18124 129.6 1.19468247 162.215 1.198 130.1 1.19819729 162.657 1.20191 130.6 1.19546321 163.1 1.20778 131.1 1.20954872 163.569 1.19644 131.6 1.20543414 164.037 1.20661 132.1 1.20994086 164.506 1.21269 132.6 1.19741589 164.975 1.19137 133.1 1.21092141 165.444 1.21249 133.6 1.21209846 165.912 1.19957 134.1 1.19741589 166.381 1.20172 134.6 1.21700743 166.85 1.21347 135.1 1.2142575 167.319 1.21073 135.6 1.21504296 167.787 1.21583 136.1 1.2142575 168.256 1.2237 136.6 1.21504296 168.725 1.23375 137.1 1.22724192 169.194 1.23593 137.6 1.21700743 169.662 1.25396 138.1 1.20288962 170.131 1.249 138.6 1.20523834 170.6 1.23751 139.1 1.19956518 171.133 1.25317 139.6 1.20152033 171.667 1.2302 140.1 1.19761122 172.2 1.22153 140.6 1.19585366 172.733 1.21524 141.1 1.20152033 173.267 1.19957 141.6 1.21327594 173.8 1.19976 142.1 1.2003471 174.333 1.20602 142.6 1.21052916 174.867 1.19176 143.1 1.19468247 175.4 1.20015 143.6 1.19858806 175.933 1.19585 144.1 1.19273144 176.467 1.2072 144.6 1.18435533 177 1.19898 145.1 1.19995612 177.533 1.20778 145.6 1.17386698 178.067 1.20818 146.1 1.18863808 178.6 1.207 146.6 1.18785898 179.029 1.19722 147.1 1.19117146 179.457 1.20641 147.6 1.19331663 179.886 1.19273 148.1 1.19839266 180.314 1.19215 148.6 1.19546321 180.743 1.18008 149.1 1.18688537 181.171 1.17969 149.6 1.18318828 181.6 1.18786 150.1 1.17541868 182.3 1.17309141 150.6 1.18552279 182.8 1.16302582 151.1 1.16437899 183.3 1.15202809 151.6 1.17425484 183.8 1.14317979 152.1 1.18260492 184.3 1.1610937 152.6 1.17930116 184.8 1.15279864 153.1 1.17910692 185.3 1.15993498 153.6 1.17192841 185.8 1.15434031 154.1 1.1794954 186.3 1.16070741 154.6 1.17930116 186.8 1.15935577 155.1 1.17735934 187.3 1.18513359 155.6 1.16979731 187.8 1.17930116 156.1 1.19195136 188.3 1.18202166 156.6 1.17347917 188.8 1.16902271 157.1 1.18377175 189.3 1.16573272 157.6 1.15414756 189.8 1.15491862 158.1 1.17794176 190.3 1.15877667 158.6 1.17231603 190.8 1.1537621 159.1 1.18241049 191.3 1.15318399 159.6 1.16805472 191.8 1.15434031 160.1 1.18532819 192.3 1.1626393 160.6 1.18922253 192.8 1.16515248 161.1 1.19234138 193.3 1.16476571 161.6 1.19448732 193.8 1.17716522 162.1 1.19624414 194.3 1.17386698 162.6 1.20876459 194.8 1.18883289 163.1 1.22369556 195.3 1.19585366 163.6 1.20504255 195.8 1.19390192 164.1 1.21111756 196.3 1.204651 164.6 1.20876459 196.8 1.20856859 165.1 1.21268715 197.3 1.2042595 165.6 1.21602505 197.8 1.19507282 166.1 1.21759701 198.3 1.20543414 166.6 1.20582578 198.8 1.19839266 167.1 1.21956303 199.3 1.21209846 167.6 1.22901655 199.8 1.20954872 168.1 1.23810204 200.3 1.20347664 168.6 1.23671783 200.8 1.20856859 169.1 1.25953358 201.3 1.19058666 169.6 1.26710806 201.8 1.18941737 170.1 1.26132594 202.3 1.17464274 170.6 1.2625214 202.8 1.18260492 171.1 1.26930397 203.3 1.17755347 171.6 1.24741136 203.8 1.18241049 172.1 1.24126818 204.3 1.19117146 172.6 1.20680509 204.8 1.19175637 173.1 1.2021071 205.3 1.18260492 173.6 1.21602505 205.8 1.18066112 174.1 1.20406377 206.3 1.18883289 174.6 1.19448732 206.8 1.1761948 175.1 1.20093366 207.3 1.18299382 175.6 1.20093366 207.8 1.19136642 176.1 1.19273144 208.3 1.21347223 176.6 1.20054261 208.8 1.23000287 177.1 1.21209846 209.3 1.21170606 177.6 1.21779356 209.8 1.2162215 178.1 1.21563217 210.3 1.20347664 178.6 1.22172704 210.8 1.19761122 179.1 1.20935267 211.3 1.19370681 179.6 1.21779356 211.8 1.19312155 180.1 1.20641333 212.3 1.1874695 180.6 1.19761122 212.8 1.17677702 181.1 1.18727478 213.3 1.16882909 181.6 1.19800192 213.8 1.16032117 182.1 1.19878346 214.3 1.15087259 182.6 -999 214.8 1.14971751 183.1 -999 215.3 1.14721624 183.6 -999 215.8 1.14260356 184.1 -999 216.3 1.13301479 184.6 -999 216.8 1.13148321 185.1 -999 217.3 1.13397239 217.8 1.13838101 218.3 -999 218.8 -999 219.3 -999 219.8 1.191343525 220.3 1.190796422 220.8 1.177152215 221.3 1.186241256 221.8 1.172980762 222.3 1.26551196 222.8 1.26930397 223.3 1.30686331 223.8 1.30484376 224.3 1.183693462 224.8 1.218830278 225.3 1.215518143 225.8 1.225465857 226.3 1.209639184 226.8 1.219566816 227.3 1.230267632 227.8 1.229343596 228.3 -999 228.8 -999 229.3 1.22803052 229.8 1.22192383 230.3 1.22310488 230.8 1.24087224 231.3 1.24423924 231.8 1.27130154 232.3 1.28291173 232.8 1.30060679 233.3 1.29798668 233.8 1.29657672 234.3 1.26192362 234.8 -999 235.3 -999 235.8 -999 236.3 -999 236.8 -999 237.3 -999 237.8 -999 237.5 -999 238 -999 238.5 -999 239 -999 239.5 -999 240 -999 240.5 -999 241 1.26431541 241.5 1.2587373 242 1.26132594 242.5 1.28632259 243 1.29738233 243.5 1.28391455 244 1.2689046 244.5 1.28210969 245 1.28531902 245.5 1.33567716 246 1.33873585 246.5 1.35837996 247 1.35550779 247.5 1.33323228 248 1.30322903 248.5 1.2679064 249 1.25833923 249.5 1.27470023 250 1.27110173 250.5 1.28431577 251 1.28973704 251.5 1.28471703 252 1.27510031 252.5 1.28873242 253 1.29174722 253.5 1.27110173 254 1.27630084 254.5 1.28170875 255 1.28873242 255.5 1.28752728 256 1.29134508 256.5 1.30928842 257 1.32631509 257.5 1.31758791 258 1.32631509 258.5 1.29174722 259 1.2478081 259.5 1.21838328 260 1.19956518 260.5 1.21877648 261 1.24285241 261.5 1.26650943 262 1.27450021 262.5 1.27930412 263 1.27930412 263.5 1.27150136 264 1.24860171 264.5 1.25575296 265 1.24443741 265.5 1.27530037 266 1.27290048 266.5 1.29375864 267 1.32489278 267.5 1.31009719 268 1.28070661 268.5 1.2677068 269 1.26730763 269.5 1.26272068 270 1.26431541 270.5 1.27150136 271 1.2703026 271.5 1.26571143 272 1.25913542 272.5 1.2637173 273 1.25634961 273.5 1.28752728 274 1.26710806 274.5 1.27110173 275 1.30787355 275.5 1.32529909 276 1.32347111 276.5 1.29818815 277 1.28451639 277.5 1.26291998 278 1.28772811 278.5 1.29134508 279 1.24622145 279.5 1.2625214 280 1.27150136 280.5 1.25018952 281 1.21700743 281.5 1.22093996 282 1.23691554 282.5 1.24047636 283 1.26391665 283.5 1.24285241 284 1.26531251 284.5 1.28190921 285 1.29295392 285.5 1.29818815 286 1.32144121 286.5 1.29154614 287 1.22428635 287.5 1.23276617 288 1.24245628 288.5 1.23572946 289 1.22901655 289.5 1.2587373 290 1.25933449 290.5 1.28130785 291 1.27330034 291.5 1.30060679 292 1.30908626 292.5 1.31454905 293 1.28572041 293.5 1.27970477 294 1.29597264 294.5 1.31131073 295 1.30504566 295.5 1.30827774 296 1.30888411 296.5 1.28672411 297 1.27290048 297.5 1.30040517 298 1.28652334 298.5 1.25475879 299 1.25814021 299.5 1.27550044 300 1.2943623 300.5 1.29536867 301 1.2969795 301.5 1.31131073 302 1.28973704 302.5 1.26212287 303 1.24225823 303.5 1.26311929 304 1.27970477 304.5 1.28572041 305 1.28130785 305.5 1.28431577 306 1.2943623 306.5 1.2969795 307 1.23355612 307.5 1.21092141 308 1.20347664 308.5 1.17871849 309 1.18980709 309.5 1.18493901 310 1.19117146 310.5 1.18007821 311 1.19858806 311.5 1.21877648 312 1.23750873 312.5 1.24463558 313 1.27350029 313.5 1.26311929 314 1.25654852 314.5 1.25118229 315 1.25138088 315.5 1.24404108 316 1.23849764 316.5 1.24443741 317 1.25615071 317.5 1.25595183 318 1.25277136 318.5 1.23869546 319 1.24146617 319.5 1.24463558 320 1.23197642 320.5 1.20562995 321 1.21936638 321.5 1.2162215 322 1.19351171 322.5 1.20484677 323 1.19468247 323.5 1.21740047 324 1.2189731 324.5 1.22881932 325 1.22310488 325.5 1.22625643 326 1.23217384 326.5 1.24324858 327 1.22881932 327.5 1.23434626 328 1.22133347 328.5 1.21661444 329 1.23968473 329.5 1.23909113 330 1.22704479 330.5 1.22468027 331 1.23988262 331.5 1.22113671 332 1.21229468 332.5 1.20778469 333 1.20798065 333.5 1.22448331 334 1.22783335 334.5 1.24245628 335 1.25316875 335.5 1.27070214 336 1.26611041 336.5 1.27130154 337 1.27970477 337.5 1.26551196 338 1.27650098 338.5 1.2815083 339 1.27770203 3. Dry bulk density, water content and organic content values measured by loss-on-ignition for cores TN99C1 and TN99C4 taken from Lake Telmen at 48°49.992', 97°23.328', 24.4 m water depth. depth (cm) WATER Organics BD g/cc 3.5 87.913 39.062 0.128 5.5 87.85 40.769 0.13 7.5 88.252 39.837 0.123 9.5 86.973 40.288 0.139 11.5 86.825 40.288 0.139 13.5 87.266 37.5 0.136 15.5 86.598 34.965 0.143 17.5 87.711 38.168 0.131 19.5 87.29 37.5 0.136 21.5 87.417 36.364 0.132 23.5 88.499 38.983 0.118 25.5 87.759 38.983 0.118 27.5 88.223 40 0.11 29.5 88.153 38.983 0.118 31.5 88.623 38.596 0.114 33.5 88.706 38.182 0.11 35.5 88.409 37.288 0.118 41.5 88.211 39.655 0.116 43.5 87.221 38.095 0.126 45.5 87.121 39.706 0.136 47.5 86.019 38.889 0.144 49.5 86.252 39.726 0.146 51.5 86.641 38.571 0.14 53.5 86.228 39.13 0.138 55.5 87.026 33.846 0.13 57.5 84.97 34.667 0.15 59.5 84.069 36.145 0.166 61.5 84.177 36 0.15 63.5 85.317 35.135 0.148 65.5 84.924 34.177 0.158 67.5 84.082 35.897 0.156 69.5 80.266 25.962 0.208 71.5 87.576 39.344 0.122 73.5 86.815 33.846 0.13 75.5 85.828 38.028 0.142 81.5 84.124 36.364 0.154 83.5 83.755 37.662 0.154 85.5 83.985 27.976 0.168 87.5 84.63 34.756 0.164 89.5 83.455 30.769 0.182 91.5 86.949 31.69 0.142 93.5 86.977 27.737 0.137 94.5 87.128 29.104 0.134 97.5 81.972 31.527 0.203 99.5 82.385 32.317 0.164 101.5 82.713 31.795 0.195 103.5 85.607 32.68 0.153 106.5 87.021 36.691 0.139 107.5 86.258 34.459 0.148 109.5 86.654 34.722 0.144 111.5 84.623 33.962 0.159 113.5 82.443 32.474 0.194 115.5 82.62 31.282 0.195 117.5 84.349 33.14 0.172 119.5 83.256 28.729 0.181 121.5 83.985 31.25 0.176 123.5 85.31 32.919 0.161 125.5 83.522 32.571 0.175 127.5 82.736 28.191 0.188 129.5 80.528 31.308 0.214 131.5 80.645 31.944 0.216 133.5 80.217 29.68 0.219 135.5 78.584 26.778 0.239 137.5 79.122 27.897 0.233 139.5 79.048 29.258 0.229 141.5 80.289 28.899 0.218 143.5 81.176 27.885 0.208 145.5 81.379 31.731 0.208 147.5 79.288 27.604 0.192 149.5 82.574 32.026 0.153 151.5 83.333 34.254 0.181 153.5 83.885 34.444 0.18 155.5 82.671 29.687 0.192 157.5 83.017 30.851 0.188 159.5 82.613 30.688 0.189 161.5 79.446 33.043 0.23 163.5 78.074 31.373 0.255 165.5 76.978 28.958 0.259 167.5 75.152 30.769 0.286 169.5 69.41 23.098 0.368 171.5 72.547 27.213 0.305 173.5 78.966 32.917 0.24 175.5 80 30.088 0.226 177.5 78.241 32.34 0.235 179.5 80.181 31.507 0.219 183.5 82.707 34.239 0.184 185.5 84.69 37.762 0.143 187.5 83.318 34.091 0.176 189.5 85.885 36.154 0.13 191.5 84.364 36.567 0.134 193.5 83.353 37.324 0.142 195.5 81.709 37.5 0.152 197.5 81.187 35.714 0.168 199.5 78.86 32.584 0.178 201.5 80.735 35.878 0.131 203.5 81.808 39.13 0.161 205.5 81.381 36.424 0.151 207.5 80 27.684 0.177 209.5 73.752 25.543 0.184 211.5 77.687 30.366 0.191 213.5 81.432 29.05 0.179 215.5 82.763 32.353 0.136 217.5 85.341 37.209 0.129 219.5 83.747 33.333 0.144 221.5 82.911 34.194 0.155 223.5 82.245 36.207 0.174 225.5 81.719 34.158 0.202 227.5 84.135 35.152 0.165 229.5 83.512 36.686 0.169 231.5 75.175 26.855 0.283 233.5 69.372 25.683 0.366 235.5 71.185 26.791 0.321 237.5 80.333 24.294 0.177 240.5 67.968 27.147 0.361 242.5 72.384 31.056 0.322 244.5 72.017 34.356 0.326 246.5 63.986 21.378 0.421 248.5 72.474 30.696 0.316 250.5 64.701 24.439 0.401 252.5 71.589 27.964 0.329 254.5 71.249 25.948 0.343 256.5 67.723 23.607 0.377 258.5 62.54 21.166 0.463 259.5 75.13 21.329 0.286 260.5 79.57 28.07 0.228 262.5 71.452 28.488 0.344 264.5 74.263 30.64 0.297 266.5 67.99 26.649 0.379 268.5 67.227 26.667 0.39 270.5 69.819 28.49 0.351 272.5 71.221 29.674 0.337 274.5 67.734 26.893 0.383 276.5 63.167 24.434 0.442 278.5 66.344 25.065 0.383 279.5 72.05 32.063 0.315 280.5 70.939 30.211 0.331 282.5 75.746 36.508 0.252 284.5 74.594 33.333 0.297 286.5 65.369 25.359 0.418 287.5 78.99 33.173 0.208 288.5 74.314 37.241 0.29 290.5 71.846 33.234 0.337 292.5 67.101 26.238 0.404 294.5 66.833 29.899 0.398 296.5 64.516 25.837 0.418 298.5 68.042 27.473 0.364 300.5 67.954 25.897 0.39 302.5 67.973 25.26 0.384 304.5 68.948 29.839 0.372 306.5 67.283 30.334 0.389 308.5 77.048 41.961 0.255 310.5 79.774 42.132 0.197 312.5 73.659 41.852 0.27 314.5 72.404 41.017 0.295 316.5 73.04 40.239 0.251 318.5 71.845 36.991 0.319 320.5 75.21 39.474 0.266 322.5 77.927 41.296 0.247 324.5 76.448 38.525 0.244 326.5 73.144 33.788 0.293 328.5 73.177 39.063 0.32 330.5 71.658 36.164 0.318 332.5 77.377 43.191 0.257 331.5 73.592 34.191 0.272 338.5 68.227 31.525 0.387 340.5 68.394 37.432 0.366 4. Select pollen and diatom values measured on cores TN99C1 and TN99C4 taken from Lake Telmen at 48°49.992', 97°23.328', 24.4 m water depth. Depth (cm) Gramineae Artemisia Chenopodiaceae Anom sphae Cycl casp 0.5 18 56 7 -999 -999 5.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 10.5 16 60 7 -999 -999 15.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 20.5 16 61 7 -999 -999 25.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 30.5 12 67 12 -999 -999 35.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 40.5 19 68 3 -999 -999 45.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 50.5 18 68 3 -999 -999 55.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 60.5 21 64 4 -999 -999 65.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 70.5 19 63 7 -999 -999 75.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 80.5 12 75 5 -999 -999 85.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 90.5 8 75 7 -999 -999 95.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 100.5 18 59 5 -999 -999 105.5 -999 -999 -999 3.66 0 110.5 18 55 5 -999 -999 115.5 -999 -999 -999 16.08 0 120.5 17 63 6 -999 -999 125.5 -999 -999 -999 27.5 0 130.5 13 67 6 -999 -999 135.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 140.5 17 59 9 -999 -999 145.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 150.5 20 61 6 -999 -999 155.5 -999 -999 -999 83.33 0 160.5 18 62 8 -999 -999 165.5 -999 -999 -999 3.95 0 170.5 25 58 3 -999 -999 175.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 175.5 17 63 3 -999 -999 184.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 180.5 16 62 11 -999 -999 196.5 17 59 6 -999 -999 216.5 15 63 8 -999 -999 237.5 13 67 10 -999 -999 241.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 247.5 7 60 20 -999 -999 251.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 257.5 12 69 11 -999 -999 261.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 267.5 14 67 9 -999 -999 271.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 277.5 13 55 19 -999 -999 281.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 287.5 7 73 10 -999 -999 291.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 297.5 13 55 17 -999 -999 301.5 -999 -999 -999 0 0 307.5 12 54 19 -999 -999 311.5 -999 -999 -999 0 64.44 317.5 11 62 16 -999 -999 321.5 -999 -999 -999 1.02 23.47 327.5 15 62 13 -999 -999 331.5 -999 -999 -999 0.58 43.27 337.5 8 66 13 -999 -999 340.5 -999 -999 -999 0.61 60.67 5. Carbonate content measured on a coulometer for cores TN99C1 and TN99C4 taken from Lake Telmen at 48°49.992', 97°23.328', 24.4 m water depth. Depth cm CaCO3 .5 31.15 2 29.91 4 37.12 6 32.6 8 35.03 10 33.67 12 33.22 14 30.85 16 31.84 18 31.62 20 26.96 22 33.1 24 33.5 26 30.97 28 30.86 30 27.6 32 13.41 34 31.7 36 28.01 38 35.42 40 35.4 42 34.94 44 35.96 46 37.74 48 33.5 50 33.81 54 40.5 56 34.78 58 40.36 60 39.09 62 37.17 64 38.46 66 42.55 68 39.17 70 32.52 72 36.38 74 35.42 76 43.1 78 42.88 80 36.1 82 36.49 84 39.96 87 43.74 89 43.17 91 26.69 93 23.19 96 24.2 99 32.37 101 34.18 103 39.94 105 32.79 107 35.06 109 36.97 111 43.4 113 39.03 115 34.68 117 21.97 119 43.23 121 41.41 123 18.62 124.5 28.67 125 34.2 127 38.75 129 41.17 131 42.2 133 41.3 135 26.92 137 40.86 137 34.61 139 37.3 141 38.68 143 40.42 145 37.83 147 36.14 149 36.27 151 39.88 153 41.74 155 36.69 157 39.7 159 38.32 161 37.24 165 36.33 167 40.57 169 42.98 171 42.55 173 36.26 175 41.51 177 32.76 177.5 41.05 179 39.03 179.5 40.71 181 38.44 181.5 35.86 183 26.23 183.5 31.98 184.5 27.75 185.5 32.17 187.5 40.13 189.5 36.66 191.5 32.64 193.5 39.88 195.5 43.74 197.5 39.58 199.5 35.45 201.5 38.87 203.5 42.93 205.5 47.2 207.5 44.99 209.5 40.53 211.5 40.81 213.5 38.71 217.5 37.9 219.5 36.33 223.5 37.68 225.5 37.04 227.5 34.07 229.5 35.06 231.5 44.35 233.5 53.48 235.5 47.13 238 16.37 239 40.39 241 56.65 243 63.56 245 63.5 247 66.85 248 63.28 249 44.22 251 46.72 253 40.82 255 53.39 257 56.72 260 14.62 261 50.05 267 60.27 269 45.86 271 50.09 273 42.69 275 41.64 277 43.35 279 46.52 281 15.59 283 45.04 285 54.3 287 12.11 289 44.96 291 48.53 293 44.95 295 52.36 297 54.8 297 32.51 299 13.31 301 50.24 303 19.84 305 34.85 307 26.57 309 18 311 19.01 313 48.68 315 43 317 45.13 320 36.41 322 15.27 324 29.74 325 34.19 327 35.3 329 38.16 333 25.6 335 42.22 337 42.45 339 48.29 341 51.14 343 49.61 6. Radiocarbon Dates: Lab Number Sample Name Corrected core Sample Type Mass C ¶13C Radiocarbon Error Calibrated Age (yr) depth (cm) (mg) wrt PDB Age (yr) (± yr) Maximum (Cal age) Minimum Shallow water core sites OS-23440 TN98 C2 D1 88-94 91 pollen 0.61 -26.8 2710 45 2890 (2800) 2750 OS-21767 TN98 C2 D2 23-26 122.5 pollen 0.62 -25 2630 a 45 2800(2760) 2720 CURL-5331 TN98 C3 D1 88-90 99b sediment humic acid 1.08 -25.2 2710 34 2870 (2780) 2760 OS-25999 TN98 G10 0-1cm 0.5 pollen 1.08 -25.6 40 35 250 (120) 30 CURL-5330 TN98 G10 0-1cm 0.5 sediment humic acid 0.99 -24.3 0 - 0 Deep water core sites OS-25425 TN99G5 0-2cm 1 sediment humic acid 0.88 -24.9 0 - 0 OS-27252 TN99G5 0-1cm 0.5 pollen 1.08 -28.4 0 - 0 OS-27253 TN99C1S1 37-40 38.5 sediment humic acid 1.08 -24.9 640 35 670 (650) 540 OS-27254 TN99C1S1 77-80 78.5 sediment humic acid 1.08 -24.7 1250 40 1280 (1180) 1070 OS-27255 TN99C1S2 52-55 138.5 sediment humic acid 1.07 -25.0 2380 30 2470 (2360) 2340 OS-25426 TN99C1S2 96-98 182 sediment humic acid 0.67 -24.3 2930 90 3350 (3070) 2850 OS-27256 TN99C4S3 1-3 239c sediment humic acid 1.07 -26.0 4100 35 4810 (4570) 4450 OS-26000 TN99C4S3 98-100 336c sediment humic acid 1.13 -20.9 6090 70 7190 (6940) 6740 Paleobarrier spit and lagoon sites OS-23445 TN99 S14 #1 plant remains 1.01 -19.4 1450 60 "1510 (1330,1320, 1310) 1270" OS-23446 TN99 S14 #3 wood 0.99 -25.7 1310 40 1300 (1260) 1170 OS-23447 TN99 S14 #4 plant remains 1.08 -21.6 1510 40 "1520 (1410, 1400, 1390) 1310" OS-23448 TN99 S14 #5 wood 1.12 -25.6 1340 35 1310 (1280) 1180 OS-27257 TN99S8 23-25 plant remains 1.06 -15.4 1800 30 1820 (1710) 1620 Notes: a Age is highly questionable due to possible sediment mixing during core piston removal. "b 10 cm added to sample depth based on correlation of core TN98C3 to core TN98C2, see text for explanation." "c 15 cm added to sample depth based upon correlation of core TN99C4 to TN99C1, see text for explanation."