# Northeastern USA Little Ice Age Temperature and Precipitation Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 2.0 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6221 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/recons/liadata.txt # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/recons/basin1988.txt # # Original_Source_URL: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Parameter_Keywords: air temperature, precipitation #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 1993-01-04 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northeastern USA Little Ice Age Temperature and Precipitation Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Gajewski, K. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Mean summer (JJA) temperatures and total annual precipitation for the past 2000 years # reconstructed from pollen from lakes with laminated sediments. The laminations ensure a more precise # time control than normally obtained from radiocarbon. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: K. Gajewski # Published_Date_or_Year: 1988-05-01 # Published_Title: Late holocene climate changes in eastern North America estimated from pollen data # Journal_Name: Quaternary Research # Volume: 29 # Edition: # Issue: 3 # Pages: 255-262 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/0033-5894(88)90034-8 # Online_Resource: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0033589488900348 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Well-dated pollen profiles from six sites from Maine to Minnesota record vegetation changes indicative of summer temperature and annual precipitation variations over the past 2000 yr. Laminations in the sediment provide accurate time control. Multiple regression techniques were used to calculate calibration functions from a spatial network of modern pollen and climate data. When applied to the six pollen diagrams, these calibration functions yielded estimates that show a long-term trend toward lower summer temperature. Superimposed on this long-term trend are short-term fluctuations that are frequently in phase at the sites. Departures from the long-term cooling trend are positive around 1500 yr ago (indicating relative warmth) and negative between 200 and 500 yr ago (indicating relative cold). Annual precipitation showed a slight increase at several sites during the past 1000 yr relative to the previous 1000 yr. #------------------ # Publication # Authors: K. Gajewski # Published_Date_or_Year: 1987-01-01 # Published_Title: Climatic impacts on the vegetation of eastern North America during the past 2000 years # Journal_Name: Plant Ecology (formerly Vegetatio) # Volume: 68 # Edition: # Issue: 3 # Pages: 179-190 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1007/BF00114719 # Online_Resource: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00114719 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Pollen diagrams from seven lakes with annually laminated sediments sampled at 40-year intervals are analyzed to isolate the climatic effects from other effects on the long-term dynamics of vegetation during the past 1000-2000 years along a transect from Maine to Minnesota. Principal components analysis is used to reduce the dimensionality of the pollen data. The pollen records from all lakes show long-term trends, medium frequency oscillations, and higher frequency fluctuations. The long-term trend is associated with the neoglacial expansion of the boreal forest. The mechanism causing this replacement is a change in frequency of air masses in the area. The medium-frequency oscillations are also associated with climate changes, the most recent of which is the 'Little Ice Age'. The climate-related mechanism causing the medium-frequency changes may be changes in disturbance frequency. The higher frequency fluctuations may also be related to disturbance. This analysis of pollen diagrams into time scales of variation has enabled the separation of climate from other factors affecting vegetation dynamics. By comparing the principal components across a transect of sites it proved possible to interpret the climatic effects on vegetation at most sites and not only at range boundaries and 'sensitive' sites. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: ATM-8219079, ATM-7926039, ATM-7423041 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Basin Pond # Location: North America>United States Of America>Maine # Country: United States Of America # Northernmost_Latitude: 44.28 # Southernmost_Latitude: 44.28 # Easternmost_Longitude: -70.03 # Westernmost_Longitude: -70.03 # Elevation: 124 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Basin1988LIA # Earliest_Year: 1605 # Most_Recent_Year: 15 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_calBP age, , , calendar years before 1975AD, , , , ,N ## temp-JJA surface temperature, , , Deg C, June-July-August, climate reconstructions, , ,N ## precip precipitation, , , mm, annual, climate reconstructions, , ,N # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age_calBP temp-JJA precip 15 19.2 1005 25 18.9 980 35 18.9 1005 45 19.9 982 55 18.4 1015 65 19.6 956 75 18.9 1031 85 18.8 1004 95 19.0 1052 105 19.0 1034 115 18.9 1034 125 19.0 1022 135 19.3 1061 145 19.1 1076 155 19.4 1050 165 19.5 1051 175 19.4 1005 185 19.5 1048 195 19.5 1039 215 19.8 1029 255 19.5 1080 295 19.4 1045 335 19.5 1020 375 19.9 1043 415 19.6 1033 455 19.2 1121 495 18.9 1052 535 20.1 1083 575 19.6 1045 615 20.4 1049 645 19.9 1085 655 19.8 1059 695 20.1 1076 735 19.8 1057 775 20.6 1043 815 20.3 1068 855 20.2 1041 895 19.8 1060 935 20.3 1060 975 20.2 1041 1015 20.2 1027 1055 20.3 1062 1095 20.2 1021 1135 20.4 1034 1175 20.4 1020 1215 20.0 1039 1255 20.0 1063 1295 19.7 1090 1335 20.4 1075 1375 20.7 1024 1415 20.6 1071 1455 20.4 1071 1495 20.4 1072 1535 19.8 1026 1575 20.4 1050 1605 20.1 1027