# Bahamas Sclerosponge Lead and Carbon Isotope Data
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#                World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
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#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
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# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1896
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24611
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# Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/acklins-sclerosponge2000.txt
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
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# Archive: Corals and Sclerosponges
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# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 
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# Title
#	Study_Name: Bahamas Sclerosponge Lead and Carbon Isotope Data
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# Investigators
#       Investigators: Lazareth, C.E.; Willenz, P.; Navez, J.; Keppens, E.; Dehairs, F.; AndrÃÂ©, L.  
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# Description_and_Notes
#	Description: Lazareth et al. 2000 Bahamas Sclerosponge Lead and Carbon Isotope Data  A specimen of Ceratoporella nicholsoni, 14 cm in diameter, was collected  in a reef crevice at a depth of 30 m on the fore-reef slope of Jamaica Bay  (southern tip of Acklins Island), Bahamas, in August 1985. A diamond saw  was used to cut a 5-mm-thick slab perpendicular to the surface of the specimen.  A maximum age of 390 yr was assigned to the specimen (9 cm high along growth axis), based on a mean annual growth rate of 230 mm/yr, obtained from in situ  labeling of 10 specimens with calcein over a 10 yr interval in Jamaica  (Willenz and Hartman, 1999).  Carbon isotope analysis was performed on a Finnigan Mat Delta E stable isotope-ratio mass spectrometer.  The Pb data were acquired by using laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), a microanalysis technique allowing high spatial and thus temporal resolution. The LA-ICP-MS analyses were made with a frequency-quadrupled ultraviolet-wavelength (266 nm) Nd-YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) Fisons-VG microprobe and a Fisons-VG PlasmaQuad II+ mass spectrometer.
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# Publication 
#       Authors: Lazareth, C.E.; Willenz, P.; Navez, J.; Keppens, E.; Dehairs, F.; AndrÃÂ©, L.
#       Published_Date_or_Year: 2000     
#       Published_Title: Sclerosponges as a new potential recorder of environmental changes: Lead in Ceratoporella nicholsoni.
#       Journal_Name: Geology
#       Volume: 28
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#       Issue: 
#       Pages: 515-518
#       DOI: 
#       Online_Resource: 
#       Full_Citation: Lazareth, C.E., P. Willenz, J. Navez, E. Keppens, F. Dehairs, and L. AndrÃÂ©. 2000. Sclerosponges as a new potential recorder of environmental changes: Lead in Ceratoporella nicholsoni. Geology 28:515-518.
#       Abstract: Lead concentrations have been analyzed on a 223 yr profile through the aragonitic skeleton of the reef-building Caribbean sclerosponge Ceratoporella nicholsoni by using laser-ablation inductively coupled plasmaÃÂ¿mass spectrometry. A parallel study of the d13C distribution in the skeleton validates the previously established mean annual growth rate of 230 ÃÂµm/yr, at least for long-term important environmental changes. The Pb trend in the specimen displays a general increase from 0.30 ppm ca. A.D. 1760 to 2.15 ppm ca. A.D. 1984; a major threefold increase occurred after 1930. This Pb profile is analogous to results acquired from ice or coral cores and clearly highlights the potential of sclerosponges as a new proxy of environmental changes for time series extending over several centuries.
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#	Authors: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G.J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2018
#	Published_Title: Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database
#	Journal_Name: Data Science Journal
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#	Full_Citation: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G., J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig, submitted. Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database. Data Science Journal.
#	Abstract: Progress in paleoclimatology increasingly occurs via data syntheses. We describe additions to a collection prepared for use in paleoclimate state estimation, specifically the Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR).  The 2290 additional series include 2152 tree ring chronologies and 138 other series.  They supplement the collection used previously and together form a database titled LMRdb 1.0.0. The additional data draws from lake core, ice core, coral, speleothem, and tree ring archives, using published data primarily from the NOAA Paleoclimatology archive and a set of tree ring width chronologies standardized from raw International Tree Ring Data Bank ring width series. In contrast to many previous paleo compilations, the data were not selected (screened) on the basis of their environmental correlation, multi-century length, or other attributes. The inclusion of proxies sensitive to moisture and other environmental variables expands their use in data assimilation.  A preliminary calibration using linear regression with mean annual temperature reveals characteristics of the proxy series and their relationship to temperature, as well as the noise and error characteristics of the records. The additional records are structured as individual files in the NOAA Paleoclimatology format and archived at NOAA Paleoclimatology (Anderson et al. 2018) and will continue to be improved and expanded as part of the LMR Project.  The additions represent a four-fold increase in the number of records available for assimilation, provide expanded geographic coverage, and add additional proxy variables.  Applications include data assimilation, proxy system model development, and paleoclimate reconstruction using climate field reconstruction and other methods.
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# Funding_Agency 
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#       Grant: 
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#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation
#	Grant:AGS-1304263
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
#	Grant:NA14OAR4310176
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# Site_Information 
#       Site_Name: Jamaica Bay, Acklins Island, Bahamas, tropical North Atlantic
#       Location: Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean>Caribbean Sea>Bahamas
#	Country: Bahamas
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 22.194121
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 22.194121
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: -74.289559
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: -74.289559
# 	Elevation: -30 m  
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# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: 00baha01b
#	Earliest_Year: 1724
#	Most_Recent_Year: 1983
#	Time_Unit: y_ad
#	Core_Length:
#	Notes: {"database":"LMR"} 
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# Species
#	Species_Name: Ceratoporella nicholsoni 
#	Common_Name: 
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# Chronology: 
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# Variables 
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# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) 
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##age	age, , ,years AD, , Corals and Sclerosponges, , ,N
##Pb	Lead content, Ceratoporella nicholsoni, , permil, , Corals and Sclerosponges, 3 point running average, analytical technique: frequency-quadrupled ultraviolet-wavelength (266 nm) Nd-YAG Fisons-VG microprobe and a Fisons-VG PlasmaQuad II+ mass spectrometer,N
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values: NAN
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age	Pb
1981	2.15
1979	2.31
1977	2.45
1976	2.11
1974	2.16
1973	2.00
1971	2.16
1969	1.90
1968	1.77
1966	1.59
1964	1.82
1963	1.89
1961	1.87
1959	1.55
1958	1.51
1956	1.70
1954	1.68
1951	1.57
1950	1.18
1948	1.09
1946	1.11
1945	1.00
1943	0.91
1941	0.77
1940	0.78
1938	0.84
1936	0.82
1935	0.84
1933	0.74
1931	0.73
1930	0.70
1928	0.67
1927	0.70
1925	0.77
1923	0.80
1922	0.79
1920	0.85
1918	0.89
1917	0.93
1915	0.85
1913	0.84
1912	0.77
1910	0.88
1908	0.89
1907	0.99
1905	0.90
1904	0.91
1902	0.90
1900	0.81
1894	0.79
1892	0.67
1891	0.60
1889	0.56
1888	0.58
1886	0.58
1884	0.62
1883	0.61
1881	0.64
1879	0.59
1878	0.57
1876	0.56
1874	0.63
1873	0.68
1871	0.72
1869	0.71
1868	0.68
1866	0.63
1865	0.54
1863	0.50
1861	0.46
1860	0.44
1858	0.43
1856	0.42
1855	0.41
1853	0.42
1851	0.43
1850	0.42
1848	0.40
1846	0.37
1845	0.34
1843	0.36
1842	0.39
1840	0.41
1838	0.38
1837	0.37
1835	0.34
1834	0.36
1832	0.36
1830	0.38
1829	0.37
1827	0.32
1826	0.33
1824	0.36
1822	0.40
1821	0.38
1819	0.35
1817	0.35
1816	0.35
1814	0.37
1812	0.39
1811	0.44
1809	0.44
1807	0.42
1806	0.34
1804	0.30
1803	0.29
1801	0.29
1799	0.40
1798	0.38
1796	0.40
1794	0.31
1793	0.31
1791	0.31
1789	0.31
1788	0.30
1786	0.30
1784	0.36
1783	0.36
1781	0.35
1780	0.27
1778	0.29
1776	0.28
1775	0.29
1773	0.30
1771	0.30
1770	0.28
1768	0.28
1766	0.30
1765	0.33
1763	0.30