# Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Indian Ocean Coral Radiocarbon Data
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#                World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
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# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/f?p=519:1:0::::P1_STUDY_ID:1923
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24611
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# Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/indian_ocean/cocos2005.txt
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Archive: Corals and Sclerosponges
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# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2006-08
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# Title
#	Study_Name: Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Indian Ocean Coral Radiocarbon Data
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# Investigators
#       Investigators: Hua, Q.; Woodroffe, C.D.; Smithers, S.G.; Barbetti, M.; Fink, D. 
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# Description_and_Notes
#	Description: Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Indian Ocean Coral Radiocarbon Data  The Cocos (Keeling) Islands are a mid-ocean atoll in the eastern  Indian Ocean (96deg 48'-56'E, 12 deg 04'-13'S). Porites microatoll PP30  (2.7 m in diameter) is located on the eastern side of the atoll from  a reef-flat site that is freely connected to the open ocean.  The data set includes an annual radiocarbon time series derived from PP30.  Radiocarbon analysis was carried out using the ANTARES AMS facility at  The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO).
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# Publication 
#       Authors: Hua, Q.; Woodroffe, C.D.; Smithers, S.G.; Barbetti, M.; Fink, D. 
#       Published_Date_or_Year: 2005     
#       Published_Title: Radiocarbon in corals from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and implications  for Indian Ocean circulation.
#       Journal_Name: Geophys. Res. Lett.
#       Volume: 32
#       Edition: 
#       Issue: L21602
#       Pages: 
#       DOI: 10.1029/2005GL023882
#       Online_Resource: 
#       Full_Citation: Hua, Q., C.D. Woodroffe, S.G. Smithers, M. Barbetti, and D. Fink. 2005.  Radiocarbon in corals from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and implications  for Indian Ocean circulation.  Geophys. Res. Lett., v.32, L21602, doi:10.1029/2005GL023882.
#       Abstract: Annual bands of a Porites coral from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands,  eastern Indian Ocean, were analysed by radiocarbon for 1955-1985 AD.  A rapid oceanic response of the site to bomb 14C is found, with a maximum  D14C value of 132 per mil in 1975. This value is considerably higher than  those for the northwestern Indian Ocean, suggesting that surface waters  reaching Cocos are not derived from the Arabian Sea. Instead, D14C values  for Cocos and those for Watamu (Kenya) agree well over most of the  study interval, suggesting that the South Equatorial Current carries  14C-elevated water rather than 14C-depleted water westward across the  Indian Ocean. This implies that oceanic upwelling in the northwestern  Indian Ocean is spatially confined with little contribution to the upper  limb of the global thermohaline circulation.
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#	Authors: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G.J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2018
#	Published_Title: Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database
#	Journal_Name: Data Science Journal
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#	Full_Citation: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G., J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig, submitted. Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database. Data Science Journal.
#	Abstract: Progress in paleoclimatology increasingly occurs via data syntheses. We describe additions to a collection prepared for use in paleoclimate state estimation, specifically the Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR).  The 2290 additional series include 2152 tree ring chronologies and 138 other series.  They supplement the collection used previously and together form a database titled LMRdb 1.0.0. The additional data draws from lake core, ice core, coral, speleothem, and tree ring archives, using published data primarily from the NOAA Paleoclimatology archive and a set of tree ring width chronologies standardized from raw International Tree Ring Data Bank ring width series. In contrast to many previous paleo compilations, the data were not selected (screened) on the basis of their environmental correlation, multi-century length, or other attributes. The inclusion of proxies sensitive to moisture and other environmental variables expands their use in data assimilation.  A preliminary calibration using linear regression with mean annual temperature reveals characteristics of the proxy series and their relationship to temperature, as well as the noise and error characteristics of the records. The additional records are structured as individual files in the NOAA Paleoclimatology format and archived at NOAA Paleoclimatology (Anderson et al. 2018) and will continue to be improved and expanded as part of the LMR Project.  The additions represent a four-fold increase in the number of records available for assimilation, provide expanded geographic coverage, and add additional proxy variables.  Applications include data assimilation, proxy system model development, and paleoclimate reconstruction using climate field reconstruction and other methods.
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# Funding_Agency 
#       Funding_Agency_Name: AINSE
#       Grant: 01/207, 02/150P, 04/174
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#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation
#	Grant:AGS-1304263
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
#	Grant:NA14OAR4310176
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# Site_Information 
#       Site_Name: The Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Eastern Indian Ocean
#       Location: Ocean>Indian Ocean>Cocos Islands
#	Country: Australia 
#	Northernmost_Latitude: -12.07
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: -12.07
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: 96.82
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: 96.82
# 	Elevation:   
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# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: 05coco01a
#	Earliest_Year: 1955
#	Most_Recent_Year: 1985
#	Time_Unit: y_ad
#	Core_Length:
#	Notes: {"database":"LMR"} 
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# Species
#	Species_Name: Porites sp.
#	Common_Name: 
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# Chronology: 
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# Variables 
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# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) 
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##age	age, , ,years AD, , Corals and Sclerosponges, , ,N
##d14C	delta 14 Carbon, Porites sp., , permil, , Corals and Sclerosponges, , ,N
##err	one sigma delta Carbon 14 error per sample, delta 14 Carbon, 1 sigma, permil, , Corals and Sclerosponges, , ,N
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values: NAN 
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age	d14C	err
1955.5	-54.9	2.8
1956.5	-48.6	2.9
1957.5	-37.6	1.9
1958.5	-35.9	2.9
1959.5	-35.3	2.7
1960.5	-16.2	2.8
1961.5	-11.8	3.2
1962.5	5.3	2.9
1963.5	33.1	4.2
1964.5	49.8	3.1
1964.5	56.3	4
1965.5	68.8	3.9
1966.5	93.2	4.4
1967.5	86.6	4.2
1968.5	121.5	4
1969.5	103.7	3.7
1970.5	108.4	3.5
1971.5	120.6	4.2
1972.5	114.3	3.7
1973.5	121.8	4.5
1974.5	114.6	3.6
1975.5	131.7	3.3
1976.5	117.9	3.8
1977.5	124.9	4.2
1978.5	123	4.7
1979.5	130.9	4.4
1980.5	103.5	4.4
1981.5	118.7	4.1
1982.5	111.4	4
1983.5	101.5	4.3
1984.5	101.5	4.1
1985.5	100.3	4.3
