Ã¯Â»Â¿# Subpolar North Atlantic 2000 Year Diatom August SST Reconstruction
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#               World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
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#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
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# NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data,
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/f?p=519:1:0::::P1_STUDY_ID:12905
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24611
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# Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miettinen2012/miettinen2012.txt
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Archive: Climate Reconstructions
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# Contribution_date
#	Date: 2012
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# Title 
#	Study_Name:  Subpolar North Atlantic 2000 Year Diatom August SST Reconstruction
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# Investigators
#	Investigators:  Miettinen, A.; Divine, N.; Koc, N.; Godtliebsen, F.; Hall, I.R.
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# Description_and_Notes
# 	Description:  A 2000-year-long (0-2004 AD) August Sea Surface Temperature (aSST)  record with high-resolution. The aSST reconstruction is based on  fossil diatom assemblages and the weighted averaging partial  least squares (WA-PLS) transfer function method.   Core Rapid 21-COM represents a composite of two individual sediment  cores (Rapid 21-12B and Rapid 21-3K), which were recovered from the  southern limb of the Gardar Drift, south of Iceland, during the RRS  Charles Darwin cruise 159 in 2004. The age model for core Rapid 21-COM  is based on 210Pb dating for the 54.3-cm-long sediment box-core  Rapid 21-12B (Boessenkool et al. 2007) and on 14C dating for the  372.5-cm-long kasten core Rapid 21-3K (Boessenkool et al. 2007;  Sicre et al. 2011). The previously published diatom-based aSST  record from core Rapid 21Ã¢ÂÂ12B has 2-yr-average resolution for  the last 230 years (Miettinen et al. 2011). Core Rapid 21-3K  was sampled continuously at 1.0-cm intervals and analyzed at  1- to 5-cm intervals with a resolution of 8-10 yr for the interval  AD 800-1770, representing the highest-resolution diatom SST  reconstruction from the subpolar North Atlantic for this period,  and 40 yr for interval 0-AD 800.   Composite core Rapid 21-COM:  57ÃÂ°27.09'N, 27ÃÂ°54.53'W, 2,630 m water depth 
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# Publication
#	Authors:  A. Miettinen, D. Divine, N. Koc, F. Godtliebsen, and I.R. Hall
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2012
#	Published_Title:  Multicentennial variability of the sea surface temperature gradient 
across the subpolar North Atlantic over the last 2.8 kyr. 
#	Journal_Name: Journal of Climate
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#	Pages: 
#	DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00581.1
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#	Full_Citation:  
#	Abstract:  A 2800-yr-long August sea surface temperature (aSST) record  based on fossil diatom assemblages is generated from a marine  sediment core from the northern subpolar North Atlantic.  The record is compared with the aSST record from the Norwegian  Sea to explore the variability of the aSST gradient between  these areas during the late Holocene.   The aSST records demonstrate the opposite climate tendencies  toward a persistent warming in the core site in the subpolar  North Atlantic and cooling in the Norwegian Sea. At the  multicentennial scale of aSST variability of 600-900 yr,  the records are nearly in antiphase with warmer (colder)  periods in the subpolar North Atlantic corresponding to  the colder (warmer) periods in the Norwegian Sea. At the  shorter time scale of 200-450 yr, the records display  a phase-locked behavior with a tendency for the positive  aSST anomalies in the Norwegian Sea to lead, by ~30 yr,  the negative aSST anomalies in the subpolar North Atlantic.  This apparent aSST seesaw might have an effect on two major  anomalies of the European climate of the past Millennium:  Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and the Little Ice Age (LIA).  During the MWP warming of the sea surface in the Norwegian  Sea occurred in parallel with cooling in the northern  subpolar North Atlantic, whereas the opposite pattern  emerged during the LIA.    The results suggest that the observed aSST seesaw between  the subpolar North Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea could be  a surface expression of the variability of the eastern  and western branches of the Atlantic meridional overturning  circulation (AMOC) with a possible amplification through  atmospheric feedback. 
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#	Authors: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G.J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2018
#	Published_Title: Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database
#	Journal_Name: Data Science Journal
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#	DOI:
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#	Full_Citation: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G., J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig, submitted. Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database. Data Science Journal.
#	Abstract: Progress in paleoclimatology increasingly occurs via data syntheses. We describe additions to a collection prepared for use in paleoclimate state estimation, specifically the Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR).  The 2290 additional series include 2152 tree ring chronologies and 138 other series.  They supplement the collection used previously and together form a database titled LMRdb 1.0.0. The additional data draws from lake core, ice core, coral, speleothem, and tree ring archives, using published data primarily from the NOAA Paleoclimatology archive and a set of tree ring width chronologies standardized from raw International Tree Ring Data Bank ring width series. In contrast to many previous paleo compilations, the data were not selected (screened) on the basis of their environmental correlation, multi-century length, or other attributes. The inclusion of proxies sensitive to moisture and other environmental variables expands their use in data assimilation.  A preliminary calibration using linear regression with mean annual temperature reveals characteristics of the proxy series and their relationship to temperature, as well as the noise and error characteristics of the records. The additional records are structured as individual files in the NOAA Paleoclimatology format and archived at NOAA Paleoclimatology (Anderson et al. 2018) and will continue to be improved and expanded as part of the LMR Project.  The additions represent a four-fold increase in the number of records available for assimilation, provide expanded geographic coverage, and add additional proxy variables.  Applications include data assimilation, proxy system model development, and paleoclimate reconstruction using climate field reconstruction and other methods.
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# Funding_Agency
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean
#	Grant:  NA17RJ1232
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#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation
#	Grant:AGS-1304263
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
#	Grant:NA14OAR4310176
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# Site_Information
#	Site_Name: Protection Island, Strait of Juan de Fuca
#	Location: North America>United States>Washington
#	Country:  United States
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 57.4515
#	Southernmost_Latitude: 57.4515
#	Easternmost_Longitude: 27.90833
#	Westernmost_Longitude: 27.90833
#	Elevation:
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# Data_Collection
#	Collection_Name: 12SubP01
#	Earliest_Year: 2
#	Most_Recent_Year: 2004
#	Time_Unit: y_ad
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# Variables
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# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) 
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##age	age,,,years AD,,,,,N 
##sst	August sea surface temperature, , , degrees C, August, Climate Reconstruction, , ,N
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing values: NAN
#
age	sst
2004	14.1
2002	13.4
2000	14
1998	13.3
1995	13.5
1993	13.5
1991	14
1989	13.8
1987	13.1
1985	13.1
1983	13.6
1980	13.8
1978	13.4
1976	12.9
1974	13.7
1972	13.8
1970	13.6
1968	13.5
1965	13.6
1963	13.5
1961	13.7
1959	13.4
1957	13.6
1955	13.9
1952	14.1
1950	13.5
1948	13.7
1946	13.3
1944	13.5
1942	13.5
1940	13.7
1937	13.2
1935	13.3
1933	13.6
1931	13.3
1929	13.2
1927	13.4
1925	14
1922	13.3
1920	13.9
1918	13.4
1916	13.9
1914	13.2
1912	13.8
1910	13.7
1907	13.5
1905	13.4
1903	13.8
1901	13.6
1899	13.6
1897	13.5
1895	13.5
1892	13.2
1890	13.5
1888	13.8
1886	13.6
1884	13.6
1882	13.9
1880	14.2
1877	13.9
1875	13.8
1873	14.2
1871	14
1869	14.3
1867	14.1
1865	13.8
1862	14
1860	14
1858	13.1
1856	13.7
1854	13.6
1852	13.8
1849	13.1
1847	13.4
1845	13.5
1843	13.8
1841	13.4
1839	13.1
1837	13.2
1834	14
1832	13.3
1830	13.7
1828	13.5
1826	13.4
1824	12.9
1822	13.3
1819	13.8
1817	14
1815	12.9
1813	13.4
1811	13.1
1809	13.1
1807	12.9
1804	13
1802	13
1800	13.1
1798	13.3
1796	13.1
1794	13.1
1792	13.7
1789	13.3
1787	13.1
1785	13.3
1783	12.9
1781	13
1779	13.2
1777	13.1
1774	13.5
1773	12.6
1762	13.3
1752	12.6
1742	13.1
1732	13.4
1722	13.2
1711	13.6
1701	13.5
1691	13.4
1681	13.3
1671	13.4
1661	13.8
1651	13.7
1641	13
1631	13.4
1621	13.2
1611	13.5
1601	13
1591	13.8
1582	13.2
1572	13.1
1562	13.2
1552	13.5
1542	13
1532	13.7
1522	13.4
1512	13.1
1502	12.6
1492	13.5
1482	13.7
1474	12.8
1465	12.9
1457	13.6
1448	13.7
1440	13.2
1431	13.6
1423	12.9
1414	12.9
1406	13.3
1397	12.7
1389	12.9
1380	13
1372	13.1
1363	13
1355	13.1
1346	13.5
1338	12.9
1329	13.2
1321	12.8
1312	12.9
1304	13
1295	13
1287	12.8
1285	12.3
1276	13.1
1267	12.8
1258	13.8
1249	13.3
1241	13.4
1232	13.5
1223	12.9
1214	13.6
1205	12.8
1203	12.6
1193	12.3
1182	12.3
1172	13.4
1162	12.9
1151	12.8
1141	12.5
1131	12.9
1120	12.5
1110	12.7
1089	12.8
1079	13.2
1069	13
1058	13
1048	13.1
1038	13
1027	13.4
1017	13.3
1007	12.6
996	13.2
986	12.8
965	12.8
955	12.4
945	12.4
934	12.7
924	12.5
914	13.1
903	12.9
893	13.2
883	12.6
872	11.9
862	12.8
852	13.8
842	13
832	13.4
821	13.1
810	13.3
802	12.9
765	13.2
724	13.1
683	13.5
622	12.6
581	11.9
540	13.1
499	13.6
461	13
423	12.8
381	12.9
347	12.6
310	12.4
272	12.2
234	12.9
196	12.5
158	12.9
120	13.2
84	13.2
43	12.9
2	12.9