# Line Islands Modern and Fossil Coral d18O Data
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
#
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:13672
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24611
#
# Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/line-islands2013.txt
# 
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Archive: Corals and Sclerosponges
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2013-01-01
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Line Islands Modern and Fossil Coral d18O Data
#--------------------
# Investigators
#       Investigators: Cobb, K.M.; Westphal, N.; Sayani, H.R.; Watson, J.T.; Di Lorenzo, E.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L.; Charles, C.D.   
#--------------------
# Description_and_Notes
#	Description: 
#--------------------
# Publication 
#       Authors: Cobb, K.M.; Westphal, N.; Sayani, H.R.; Watson, J.T.; Di Lorenzo, E.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L.; Charles, C.D.  
#       Published_Date_or_Year: 2013-01-04     
#       Published_Title: Highly Variable El Nino-Southern Oscillation Throughout the Holocene
#       Journal_Name: Science
#       Volume: 339
#       Edition: 
#       Issue: 6115
#       Pages: 67-70
#       DOI: 10.1126/science.1228246 
#       Online_Resource: 
#       Full_Citation: Cobb, K.M., N. Westphal, H.R. Sayani, J.T. Watson, E. Di Lorenzo, H. Cheng, R. L. Edwards, and C.D. Charles. 2013. Highly Variable El NiÃÂ±o-Southern Oscillation Throughout the Holocene. Science, Vol. 339, no. 6115, pp. 67-70, 4 January 2013. DOI: 10.1126/science.1228246 
#       Abstract: The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives large changes in global  climate patterns from year to year, yet its sensitivity to continued  anthropogenic greenhouse forcing is uncertain. We analyzed fossil coral  reconstructions of ENSO spanning the past 7000 years from the Northern  Line Islands, located in the center of action for ENSO. The corals  document highly variable ENSO activity, with no evidence for a systematic  trend in ENSO variance, which is contrary to some models that exhibit  a response to insolation forcing over this same period. Twentieth-century  ENSO variance is significantly higher than average fossil coral ENSO  variance but is not unprecedented. Our results suggest that forced changes  in ENSO, whether natural or anthropogenic, may be difficult to detect  against a background of large internal variability. 
#--------------------
# Publication 
#       Authors: Zaunbracher, L.K.; Cobb, K.M.; Beck, J.W.; Charles, C.D.; Druffel, E.R.M. 
#       Published_Date_or_Year: 2010     
#       Published_Title: Coral records of central tropical Pacific radiocarbon variability  during the last millennium
#       Journal_Name: Paleoceanography
#       Volume: 25
#       Edition: 
#       Issue: PA4212
#       Pages: 
#       DOI: 10.1029/2009PA001788 
#       Online_Resource: 
#       Full_Citation: Zaunbrecher, L.K., K.M. Cobb, J.W. Beck, C.D. Charles, E.R.M. Druffel,  R.G. Fairbanks, S. Griffin, and H. Sayani.   2010.  Coral records of central tropical Pacific radiocarbon variability  during the last millennium.  Paleoceanography 25, PA4212, doi:10.1029/2009PA001788.
#       Abstract: 
#------------------
#	Authors: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G.J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2018
#	Published_Title: Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database
#	Journal_Name: Data Science Journal
#	Volume:
#	Edition:
#	Issue:
#	Pages:
#	Report_Number:
#	DOI:
#	Online_Resource:
#	Full_Citation: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G., J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig, submitted. Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database. Data Science Journal.
#	Abstract: Progress in paleoclimatology increasingly occurs via data syntheses. We describe additions to a collection prepared for use in paleoclimate state estimation, specifically the Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR).  The 2290 additional series include 2152 tree ring chronologies and 138 other series.  They supplement the collection used previously and together form a database titled LMRdb 1.0.0. The additional data draws from lake core, ice core, coral, speleothem, and tree ring archives, using published data primarily from the NOAA Paleoclimatology archive and a set of tree ring width chronologies standardized from raw International Tree Ring Data Bank ring width series. In contrast to many previous paleo compilations, the data were not selected (screened) on the basis of their environmental correlation, multi-century length, or other attributes. The inclusion of proxies sensitive to moisture and other environmental variables expands their use in data assimilation.  A preliminary calibration using linear regression with mean annual temperature reveals characteristics of the proxy series and their relationship to temperature, as well as the noise and error characteristics of the records. The additional records are structured as individual files in the NOAA Paleoclimatology format and archived at NOAA Paleoclimatology (Anderson et al. 2018) and will continue to be improved and expanded as part of the LMR Project.  The additions represent a four-fold increase in the number of records available for assimilation, provide expanded geographic coverage, and add additional proxy variables.  Applications include data assimilation, proxy system model development, and paleoclimate reconstruction using climate field reconstruction and other methods.
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#       Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Ocean Sciences 
#       Grant: 0752091
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#       Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China
#       Grant: 41230524
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#       Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Atmospheric Sciences
#       Grant: 1103403
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#       Funding_Agency_Name: US Department of Energy (DOE)
#       Grant: DOE-SC0005597
#------------------
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation
#	Grant:AGS-1304263
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
#	Grant:NA14OAR4310176
#------------------
# Site_Information 
#       Site_Name: Kiritimati Island, Line Islands, Kiribati
#       Location: Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Central Pacific Ocean>Kiribati
#	Country: Republic of Kiribati
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 1.866667 
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 1.866667 
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: -157.4 
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: -157.4 
# 	Elevation:   
#------------------
# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: 13kiri02c
#	Earliest_Year: 1267
#	Most_Recent_Year: 1248 
#	Time_Unit: yb_1950 
#	Core_Length: 
#	Notes: {"database":"LMR"}  
#------------------
# Species
#	Species_Name:  
#	Common_Name: 
#------------------
# Chronology: 
# 
#
# 
#
# 
#
#
#
#----------------
# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) 
#
##age	age, , ,years before 1950, , Corals and Sclerosponges, , ,N
##d18o	delta 18 Oxygen, , , per mil VPDB, , Corals and Sclerosponges, , ,N
#
#----------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values: NAN
#
age	d18o
1248.04	-4.11
1248.13	-4.24
1248.21	-4.33
1248.29	-4.25
1248.38	-4.49
1248.46	-4.53
1248.54	-4.30
1248.63	-4.31
1248.71	-4.26
1248.79	-4.34
1248.88	-4.36
1248.96	-4.37
1249.04	-4.19
1249.13	-4.22
1249.21	-4.30
1249.29	-4.40
1249.38	-4.32
1249.46	-4.32
1249.54	-4.40
1249.63	-4.43
1249.71	-4.40
1249.79	-4.38
1249.88	-4.46
1249.96	-4.47
1250.04	-4.38
1250.13	-4.41
1250.21	-4.42
1250.29	-4.51
1250.38	-4.51
1250.46	-4.45
1250.54	-4.44
1250.63	-4.40
1250.71	-4.41
1250.79	-4.42
1250.88	-4.42
1250.96	-4.36
1251.04	-4.35
1251.13	-4.46
1251.21	-4.43
1251.29	-4.43
1251.38	-4.46
1251.46	-4.45
1251.54	-4.50
1251.63	-4.48
1251.71	-4.31
1251.79	-4.34
1251.88	-4.37
1251.96	-4.46
1252.04	-4.33
1252.13	-4.35
1252.21	-4.39
1252.29	-4.55
1252.38	-4.42
1252.46	-4.48
1252.54	-4.54
1252.63	-4.52
1252.71	-4.63
1252.79	-4.47
1252.88	-4.43
1252.96	-4.35
1253.04	-4.32
1253.13	-4.40
1253.21	-4.44
1253.29	-4.44
1253.38	-4.41
1253.46	-4.41
1253.54	-4.46
1253.63	-4.42
1253.71	-4.40
1253.79	-4.37
1253.88	-4.29
1253.96	-4.19
1254.04	-4.17
1254.13	-4.23
1254.21	-4.35
1254.29	-4.26
1254.38	-4.19
1254.46	-4.20
1254.54	-4.28
1254.63	-4.19
1254.71	-4.24
1254.79	-4.32
1254.88	-4.32
1254.96	-4.34
1255.04	-4.22
1255.13	-4.28
1255.21	-4.26
1255.29	-4.29
1255.38	-4.31
1255.46	-4.29
1255.54	-4.35
1255.63	-4.31
1255.71	-4.28
1255.79	-4.27
1255.88	-4.27
1255.96	-4.24
1256.04	-4.05
1256.13	-4.06
1256.21	-4.04
1256.29	-4.08
1256.38	-4.06
1256.46	-4.14
1256.54	-4.11
1256.63	-4.17
1256.71	-4.20
1256.79	-4.36
1256.88	-4.28
1256.96	-4.34
1257.04	-4.19
1257.13	-4.30
1257.21	-4.32
1257.29	-4.28
1257.38	-4.25
1257.46	-4.24
1257.54	-4.16
1257.63	-4.12
1257.71	-4.12
1257.79	-4.19
1257.88	-4.23
1257.96	-4.17
1258.04	-4.07
1258.13	-4.11
1258.21	-4.17
1258.29	-4.27
1258.38	-4.30
1258.46	-4.25
1258.54	-4.44
1258.63	-4.43
1258.71	-4.42
1258.79	-4.35
1258.88	-4.33
1258.96	-4.39
1259.04	-4.17
1259.13	-4.23
1259.21	-4.21
1259.29	-4.34
1259.38	-4.20
1259.46	-4.35
1259.54	-4.24
1259.63	-4.20
1259.71	-4.26
1259.79	-4.22
1259.88	-4.22
1259.96	-4.22
1260.04	-4.19
1260.13	-4.31
1260.21	-4.33
1260.29	-4.35
1260.38	-4.36
1260.46	-4.22
1260.54	-4.33
1260.63	-4.29
1260.71	-4.37
1260.79	-4.20
1260.88	-4.30
1260.96	-4.34
1261.04	-4.22
1261.13	-4.22
1261.21	-4.22
1261.29	-4.22
1261.38	-4.31
1261.46	-4.22
1261.54	-4.16
1261.63	-4.30
1261.71	-4.35
1261.79	-4.23
1261.88	-4.07
1261.96	-4.06
1262.04	-4.03
1262.13	-4.08
1262.21	-4.22
1262.29	-4.20
1262.38	-4.19
1262.46	-4.22
1262.54	-4.30
1262.63	-4.38
1262.71	-4.32
1262.79	-4.30
1262.88	-4.25
1262.96	-4.22
1263.04	-4.19
1263.13	-4.35
1263.21	-4.42
1263.29	-4.46
1263.38	-4.47
1263.46	-4.48
1263.54	-4.47
1263.63	-4.58
1263.71	-4.64
1263.79	-4.65
1263.88	-4.63
1263.96	-4.59
1264.04	-4.51
1264.13	-4.60
1264.21	-4.71
1264.29	-4.69
1264.38	-4.64
1264.46	-4.67
1264.54	-4.64
1264.63	-4.66
1264.71	-4.69
1264.79	-4.69
1264.88	-4.61
1264.96	-4.45
1265.04	-4.49
1265.13	-4.53
1265.21	-4.55
1265.29	-4.51
1265.38	-4.54
1265.46	-4.61
1265.54	-4.67
1265.63	-4.62
1265.71	-4.57
1265.79	-4.57
1265.88	-4.57
1265.96	-4.57
1266.04	-4.38
1266.13	-4.39
1266.21	-4.43
1266.29	-4.42
1266.38	-4.36
1266.46	-4.43
1266.54	-4.38
1266.63	-4.41
1266.71	-4.49
1266.79	-4.57
1266.88	-4.51
1266.96	-4.48
1267.04	-4.32
1267.13	-4.40
