Ã¯Â»Â¿# PAGES Ocean2K 400 Year Regional SST Reconstructions
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#               World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                   and
#                      NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
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# NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data.
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed.
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Online_Resource: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17955
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24611
#
# Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/tierney2015sst-epacific.txt
#
# Archive: Climate Reconstructions
#---------------------------------------
# Contribution_Date
#    Date: 2015-03-03
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# Title
#    	Study_Name: PAGES Ocean2K 400 Year Regional SST Reconstructions
#---------------------------------------
# Investigators
#      	Investigators: Tierney, J.E; Abram, N.J.; Anchukaitis, K.J.; Evans, M.N.; Giry, C.; Kilbourne, K.H.; Saenger, C.P.; Wu, H.C.; Zinke, J.
#---------------------------------------
# Description and Notes
#        Description: This data set contains both the coral data and the resulting SST reconstructions compiled and produced by the PAGES Ocean2K project. 
#	 The coral data, including both raw and annualized data, are available in matlab (.mat) format. All of the iterations of the reconstructions, 
#	 and corresponding skill statistics (Figure 2 of the Paleoceanography manuscript), are available in matlab (.mat) format. The "best" reconstructions, 
#	 defined as the reconstruction iteration having the highest cumulative RE (reduction of error) value, are available in both matlab (.mat) format 
#	 and text format (Figure 4 of the Paleoceanography manuscript). Please see the source publication for further details. 
#	 Years correspond to the Apr-Mar tropical year, e.g., 1982 = Apr 1982 to Mar 1983.
#        Provided Keywords: paleoceanography, SST, past millennium climate, tropical climate, corals
#---------------------------------------
# Publication
# 	Authors: Jessica E. Tierney, Nerilie J. Abram, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Michael N. Evans, Cyril Giry, K. Halimeda Kilbourne, Casey P. Saenger, Henry C. Wu and Jens Zinke
# 	Published_Date_or_Year: 2015-02-16
# 	Published_Title: Tropical sea-surface temperatures for the past four centuries reconstructed from coral archives
# 	Journal_Name: Paleoceanography
# 	Volume: 
# 	Issue: 
# 	Pages: 
# 	Report Number: 
# 	DOI: 10.1002/2014PA002717
# 	Abstract: Most annually resolved climate reconstructions of the Common Era are based on terrestrial data, making it a challenge to independently assess how recent climate changes have affected the oceans. Here, as part of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) Ocean2K project, we present four regionally calibrated and validated reconstructions of sea-surface temperatures in the tropics, based on fifty-seven published and publicly archived marine paleoclimate datasets derived exclusively from tropical coral archives. Validation exercises suggest that our reconstructions are interpretable for much of the past 400 years, depending on the availability of paleoclimate data within, and the reconstruction validation statistics for, each target region. Analysis of the trends in the data suggests that the Indian, western Pacific, and western Atlantic ocean regions were cooling until modern warming began around the 1830s. The early 1800s were an exceptionally cool period in the Indo-Pacific region, likely due to multiple large tropical volcanic eruptions occurring in the early 19th century. Decadal-scale variability is a quasi-persistent feature of all basins. 20th century warming associated with greenhouse gas emissions is apparent in the Indian, West Pacific, and Western Atlantic Oceans, but we find no evidence that either natural or anthropogenic forcings have altered El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related variance in tropical SSTs. Our marine-based regional paleoclimate reconstructions serve as benchmarks against which terrestrial reconstructions as well as climate model simulations can be compared, and as a basis for studying the processes by which the tropical oceans mediate climate variability and change.
#---------------------------------------
#	Authors: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G.J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2018
#	Published_Title: Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database
#	Journal_Name: Data Science Journal
#	Volume:
#	Edition:
#	Issue:
#	Pages:
#	Report_Number:
#	DOI:
#	Online_Resource:
#	Full_Citation: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G., J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig, submitted. Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database. Data Science Journal.
#	Abstract: Progress in paleoclimatology increasingly occurs via data syntheses. We describe additions to a collection prepared for use in paleoclimate state estimation, specifically the Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR).  The 2290 additional series include 2152 tree ring chronologies and 138 other series.  They supplement the collection used previously and together form a database titled LMRdb 1.0.0. The additional data draws from lake core, ice core, coral, speleothem, and tree ring archives, using published data primarily from the NOAA Paleoclimatology archive and a set of tree ring width chronologies standardized from raw International Tree Ring Data Bank ring width series. In contrast to many previous paleo compilations, the data were not selected (screened) on the basis of their environmental correlation, multi-century length, or other attributes. The inclusion of proxies sensitive to moisture and other environmental variables expands their use in data assimilation.  A preliminary calibration using linear regression with mean annual temperature reveals characteristics of the proxy series and their relationship to temperature, as well as the noise and error characteristics of the records. The additional records are structured as individual files in the NOAA Paleoclimatology format and archived at NOAA Paleoclimatology (Anderson et al. 2018) and will continue to be improved and expanded as part of the LMR Project.  The additions represent a four-fold increase in the number of records available for assimilation, provide expanded geographic coverage, and add additional proxy variables.  Applications include data assimilation, proxy system model development, and paleoclimate reconstruction using climate field reconstruction and other methods.
#------------------
# Funding_Agency
#    	Funding_Agency_Name: IGBP PAGES (Past Global Changes)
#    	Grant: 
#---------------------------------------
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation
#	Grant:AGS-1304263
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
#	Grant:NA14OAR4310176
#------------------
# Site Information
# 	Site_Name: Eastern Pacific
# 	Location: Eastern Pacific Ocean
# 	Country: 
# 	Northernmost_Latitude: 10
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: -10
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: -85
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: 175
# 	Elevation: 
#---------------------------------------
# Data_Collection
#	Collection_Name: 15EPac01
#	Earliest_Year: 1607
#	Most_recent_Year: 1997
#	Time_Unit: y_ad
#	Core_Length: 
#	Notes: {"database":"LMR"} 
#---------------------------------------
# Chronology:
#
#---------------------------------------
# Variables
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
#
##age	age,,,years AD,Apr-Mar,,,,N
##sst_anom	sea-surface temperature anomaly,,,degree C,Apr-Mar,Climate Reconstructions,1961-1990 A.D.,weighted CPS reconstruction,N
#
#
#----------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Value:
#
age	sst_anom
1997	1.51
1996	0.85
1995	0.6
1994	1.44
1993	1.4
1992	1.15
1991	1.42
1990	1.29
1989	0.41
1988	0.08
1987	1.15
1986	1.1
1985	0.55
1984	0.35
1983	0.41
1982	0.97
1981	0.5
1980	0.8
1979	0.55
1978	0.18
1977	0.45
1976	0.63
1975	-0.57
1974	-0.07
1973	-0.26
1972	0.99
1971	-0.15
1970	-0.19
1969	0.58
1968	0.4
1967	0.1
1966	0.29
1965	0.84
1964	-0.3
1963	0.3
1962	-0.07
1961	0.1
1960	-0.07
1959	0.2
1958	0.56
1957	0.41
1956	-0.44
1955	-0.61
1954	-0.15
1953	0.32
1952	0.09
1951	0.44
1950	-0.41
1949	-0.41
1948	0.17
1947	-0.18
1946	0.27
1945	-0.41
1944	-0.38
1943	-0.25
1942	-0.03
1941	0.98
1940	0.93
1939	0.35
1938	0.05
1937	0.03
1936	0.08
1935	-0.06
1934	-0.22
1933	-0.62
1932	-0.21
1931	-0.14
1930	0.63
1929	0.18
1928	-0.29
1927	-0.29
1926	-0.21
1925	-0.01
1924	-0.41
1923	0.27
1922	-0.16
1921	-0.27
1920	-0.2
1919	0.52
1918	0.49
1917	-0.81
1916	-0.62
1915	0.04
1914	0.77
1913	0.12
1912	0.06
1911	0.37
1910	-0.54
1909	-0.63
1908	-0.48
1907	0.01
1906	0.14
1905	0.72
1904	0.17
1903	-0.05
1902	0.51
1901	-0.07
1900	-0.02
1899	0.37
1898	-0.59
1897	-0.43
1896	0.5
1895	0.09
1894	-0.2
1893	-0.46
1892	-0.62
1891	0
1890	-0.41
1889	-0.51
1888	0.6
1887	-0.2
1886	-0.48
1885	-0.06
1884	0.04
1883	-0.53
1882	-0.78
1881	-0.39
1880	-0.5
1879	-0.91
1878	0.12
1877	0.41
1876	0.21
1875	0.17
1874	0.19
1873	0.19
1872	-0.27
1871	0.28
1870	0.31
1869	-0.08
1868	0.07
1867	-0.08
1866	0.31
1865	0.68
1864	0.62
1863	0.24
1862	-0.21
1861	-0.1
1860	-0.23
1859	-0.65
1858	-0.42
1857	-0.5
1856	-0.43
1855	-0.29
1854	-0.08
1853	0.25
1852	0.1
1851	0.38
1850	0.01
1849	-0.2
1848	-0.67
1847	-0.1
1846	-0.09
1845	0.2
1844	-0.66
1843	0.08
1842	0.11
1841	-0.14
1840	0.52
1839	0.22
1838	0.63
1837	0.67
1836	-0.01
1835	-0.33
1834	-0.65
1833	-0.1
1832	0.1
1831	0.86
1830	0.67
1829	-0.04
1828	0.49
1827	0.7
1826	0.08
1825	0.4
1824	0.1
1823	0.74
1822	-0.22
1821	-0.26
1820	0.19
1819	0.1
1818	-0.01
1817	0.15
1816	-0.06
1815	-0.26
1814	-0.4
1813	-0.15
1812	-0.38
1811	-0.95
1810	-0.65
1809	0.03
1808	-0.33
1807	0.31
1806	-0.61
1805	-0.61
1804	0.1
1803	-0.29
1802	-0.33
1801	0.17
1800	0.76
1799	0.65
1798	0.54
1797	-0.29
1796	0.38
1795	0.88
1794	-0.06
1793	0.15
1792	0.6
1791	0.76
1790	0.49
1789	-0.15
1788	-0.01
1787	-0.22
1786	0.63
1785	-0.17
1784	0.08
1783	-0.4
1782	0.12
1781	-0.01
1780	0.06
1779	0.7
1778	0.33
1777	-0.49
1776	0.19
1775	0.01
1774	0.01
1773	0.22
1772	0.38
1771	0.63
1770	0.08
1769	-0.22
1768	0.31
1767	0.28
1766	0.17
1765	-0.31
1764	0.06
1763	0.95
1762	1.11
1761	0.97
1760	0.67
1759	0.1
1758	0.49
1757	0.33
1756	-0.24
1755	0.28
1754	0.4
1753	0.26
1752	0.08
1751	0.79
1750	-0.49
1749	0.7
1748	0.76
1747	0.4
1746	0.12
1745	-0.01
1744	0.67
1743	-0.26
1742	0.33
1741	0.65
1740	0.24
1739	0.4
1738	-0.04
1737	0.17
1736	0.33
1735	0.38
1734	0.33
1733	0.99
1732	-0.01
1731	0.12
1730	-0.06
1729	0.72
1728	0.1
1727	0.28
1726	0.24
1725	0.15
1724	0.28
1723	0.17
1722	0.28
1721	0.76
1720	0.24
1719	0.4
1718	0.4
1717	0.24
1716	0.19
1715	0.49
1714	0.65
1713	0.38
1712	0.49
1711	0.08
1710	-0.06
1709	0.54
1708	0.22
1707	0.51
1706	0.58
1705	0.12
1704	0.51
1703	1.24
1702	-0.45
1701	-0.48
1700	-0.31
1699	-0.15
1698	0.25
1697	-0.67
1696	-0.69
1695	-0.11
1694	-0.2
1693	0.14
1692	-0.12
1691	-0.33
1690	0.19
1689	0.21
1688	0.26
1687	0.55
1686	0.28
1685	-0.19
1684	-0.42
1683	-0.18
1682	-0.2
1681	0.22
1680	-0.26
1679	-0.08
1678	-0.48
1677	0.09
1676	-0.08
1675	0.09
1674	0.32
1673	0.11
1672	0.22
1671	0.21
1670	0.08
1669	-0.21
1668	0.08
1667	0.6
1666	0.55
1665	0.12
1664	0.06
1663	-0.26
1662	0.52
1661	0.09
1660	0.12
1659	-0.07
1658	0.57
1657	0.69
1656	0.28
1655	0.14
1654	-0.2
1653	0.77
1652	0.62
1651	-0.08
1650	-0.28
1649	-0.79
1648	-0.24
1647	0.11
1646	0.18
1645	-0.4
1644	0.01
1643	0.07
1642	0.6
1641	-0.06
1640	-0.19
1639	-0.46
1638	0.19
1637	0.28
1636	0.09
1635	-0.26
1634	0.08
1633	0.81
1632	0.22
1631	-1.32
1630	-0.24
1629	-0.2
1628	0.47
1627	0.12
1626	-0.31
1625	-0.42
1624	-0.58
1623	0.83
1622	0.35
1621	0.72
1620	-0.22
1619	0.19
1618	0.15
1617	-0.13
1616	-0.15
1615	-0.45
1614	-0.36
1613	-0.42
1612	-0.17
1611	0.31
1610	0.38
1609	-0.88
1608	-0.04
1607	1.06