Ã¯Â»Â¿# Bahamas Coral SST Reconstruction Since 1552
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#               World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                  and
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data,
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed
#
#
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:16440
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24611
#
# Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/bahamas2009sst.txt
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Archive: Climate Reconstructions
# --------------------
# Contribution_date
#	Date: 2009
# --------------------
# Title 
#	Study_Name:  Bahamas Coral SST Reconstruction Since 1552
# --------------------
# Investigators
#	Investigators:  Saenger, C.; Cohen, A.L.; Oppo, D.W.; Halley, R.B.; and Carilli, J.E.
# --------------------
# Description_and_Notes
# 	Description:  A low-latitude western Atlantic reconstruction of SST since 1552 
derived from annual growth variations in the coral Siderastrea siderea 
sampled at Gingerbreads Reef, Bahamas. 

Gingerbreads Reef, Bahamas: 25.84ÃÂ°N, 78.62ÃÂ°W, 4m. water depth

Unfiltered Siderastrea extension data determined by CT scan, 
added to this file July 2011. 
# --------------------
# Publication
#	Authors:  C. Saenger, A.L. Cohen, D.W. Oppo, R.B. Halley, and J.E. Carilli
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2009-06-21
#	Published_Title:  Surface-temperature trends and variability in the low-latitude North Atlantic since 1552
#	Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience
#	Volume: 	
#	Edition: 	
#	Issue: 
#	Pages: 
#	DOI: 10.1038/NGEO552
#	Online_Resource:  
#	Full_Citation:  
#	Abstract: Sea surface temperature variability in the North Atlantic Ocean recorded  since about 1850 has been ascribed to a natural multidecadal oscillation  superimposed on a background warming trend. It has been suggested that  the multidecadal variability may be a persistent feature, raising the  possibility that the associated climate impacts may be predictable.  However, our understanding of the multidecadal ocean variability before  the instrumental record is based on interpretations of high-latitude terrestrial proxy records. Here we present an absolutely dated and  annually resolved record of sea surface temperature from the Bahamas,  based on a 440-year time series of coral growth rates. The reconstruction  indicates that temperatures were as warm as today from about 1552 to 1570,  then cooled by about 1ÃÂ°C from 1650 to 1730 before warming until the present.  Our estimates of background variability suggest that much of the warming  since 1900 was driven by anthropogenic forcing. Interdecadal variability  with a period of 15-25 years is superimposed on most of the record, but  multidecadal variability becomes significant only after 1730. We conclude  that the multidecadal variability in sea surface temperatures in the low-latitude western Atlantic Ocean may not be persistent, potentially  making accurate decadal climate forecasts more difficult to achieve.
# --------------------
#	Authors: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G.J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2018
#	Published_Title: Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database
#	Journal_Name: Data Science Journal
#	Volume:
#	Edition:
#	Issue:
#	Pages:
#	Report_Number:
#	DOI:
#	Online_Resource:
#	Full_Citation: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G., J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig, submitted. Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database. Data Science Journal.
#	Abstract: Progress in paleoclimatology increasingly occurs via data syntheses. We describe additions to a collection prepared for use in paleoclimate state estimation, specifically the Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR).  The 2290 additional series include 2152 tree ring chronologies and 138 other series.  They supplement the collection used previously and together form a database titled LMRdb 1.0.0. The additional data draws from lake core, ice core, coral, speleothem, and tree ring archives, using published data primarily from the NOAA Paleoclimatology archive and a set of tree ring width chronologies standardized from raw International Tree Ring Data Bank ring width series. In contrast to many previous paleo compilations, the data were not selected (screened) on the basis of their environmental correlation, multi-century length, or other attributes. The inclusion of proxies sensitive to moisture and other environmental variables expands their use in data assimilation.  A preliminary calibration using linear regression with mean annual temperature reveals characteristics of the proxy series and their relationship to temperature, as well as the noise and error characteristics of the records. The additional records are structured as individual files in the NOAA Paleoclimatology format and archived at NOAA Paleoclimatology (Anderson et al. 2018) and will continue to be improved and expanded as part of the LMR Project.  The additions represent a four-fold increase in the number of records available for assimilation, provide expanded geographic coverage, and add additional proxy variables.  Applications include data assimilation, proxy system model development, and paleoclimate reconstruction using climate field reconstruction and other methods.
#------------------
# Funding_Agency
#	Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation
#	Grant:  
# --------------------
# Funding_Agency
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
#	Grant:  USA-0002
# --------------------
# Funding_Agency
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Ocean and Climate Change Institude
#	Grant:  
# --------------------
# Funding_Agency
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Inter-American Institute Global Change Research
#	Grant:  
# --------------------
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation
#	Grant:AGS-1304263
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
#	Grant:NA14OAR4310176
#------------------
# Site_Information
#	Site_Name: Gingerbreads Reef
#	Location: Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean> Caribbean Sea> Bahamas
#	Country:  Bahamas
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 26.40
#	Southernmost_Latitude: 26.40
#	Easternmost_Longitude: 78.033
#	Westernmost_Longitude: 78.033
#	Elevation:
# --------------------
# Data_Collection
#	Collection_Name: 09Baha01
#	Earliest_Year:  1552
#	Most_Recent_Year: 1991
#	Time_Unit: y_ad
#
# --------------------
# Variables
#
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) 
#
##age	age,,,years AD,,,,,N 
##sst_anom	sea surface temperature anomaly, , , degrees C, , Climate Reconstructions, , ,N
#
# --------------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing values: NAN
#
age	sst_anom
1991	-0.144
1990	-0.129
1989	-0.088
1988	-0.062
1987	-0.1
1986	-0.179
1985	-0.228
1984	-0.206
1983	-0.127
1982	-0.049
1981	-0.02
1980	-0.048
1979	-0.08
1978	-0.083
1977	-0.079
1976	-0.074
1975	-0.041
1974	0.015
1973	0.063
1972	0.09
1971	0.107
1970	0.124
1969	0.104
1968	0.01
1967	-0.118
1966	-0.177
1965	-0.109
1964	0.031
1963	0.119
1962	0.099
1961	0.034
1960	0.003
1959	0.015
1958	0.031
1957	0.02
1956	-0.022
1955	-0.06
1954	-0.053
1953	0.002
1952	0.073
1951	0.124
1950	0.121
1949	0.043
1948	-0.094
1947	-0.222
1946	-0.256
1945	-0.164
1944	0
1943	0.131
1942	0.12
1941	-0.062
1940	-0.31
1939	-0.458
1938	-0.432
1937	-0.299
1936	-0.176
1935	-0.152
1934	-0.239
1933	-0.371
1932	-0.451
1931	-0.436
1930	-0.37
1929	-0.328
1928	-0.326
1927	-0.325
1926	-0.298
1925	-0.273
1924	-0.289
1923	-0.35
1922	-0.408
1921	-0.416
1920	-0.393
1919	-0.419
1918	-0.525
1917	-0.628
1916	-0.629
1915	-0.534
1914	-0.426
1913	-0.375
1912	-0.411
1911	-0.516
1910	-0.598
1909	-0.568
1908	-0.447
1907	-0.315
1906	-0.207
1905	-0.128
1904	-0.077
1903	-0.056
1902	-0.094
1901	-0.201
1900	-0.316
1899	-0.362
1898	-0.323
1897	-0.246
1896	-0.202
1895	-0.233
1894	-0.297
1893	-0.3
1892	-0.236
1891	-0.201
1890	-0.234
1889	-0.26
1888	-0.229
1887	-0.18
1886	-0.146
1885	-0.119
1884	-0.091
1883	-0.052
1882	-0.004
1881	0.025
1880	0.019
1879	-0.015
1878	-0.087
1877	-0.196
1876	-0.289
1875	-0.306
1874	-0.247
1873	-0.17
1872	-0.14
1871	-0.162
1870	-0.178
1869	-0.157
1868	-0.126
1867	-0.114
1866	-0.143
1865	-0.24
1864	-0.388
1863	-0.5
1862	-0.51
1861	-0.444
1860	-0.388
1859	-0.397
1858	-0.438
1857	-0.423
1856	-0.32
1855	-0.187
1854	-0.101
1853	-0.099
1852	-0.208
1851	-0.443
1850	-0.738
1849	-0.961
1848	-1.049
1847	-1.046
1846	-1.003
1845	-0.924
1844	-0.792
1843	-0.62
1842	-0.467
1841	-0.39
1840	-0.396
1839	-0.445
1838	-0.495
1837	-0.52
1836	-0.515
1835	-0.529
1834	-0.651
1833	-0.885
1832	-1.126
1831	-1.243
1830	-1.164
1829	-0.929
1828	-0.673
1827	-0.51
1826	-0.421
1825	-0.318
1824	-0.225
1823	-0.234
1822	-0.321
1821	-0.393
1820	-0.474
1819	-0.637
1818	-0.798
1817	-0.792
1816	-0.664
1815	-0.616
1814	-0.663
1813	-0.62
1812	-0.441
1811	-0.304
1810	-0.357
1809	-0.545
1808	-0.715
1807	-0.776
1806	-0.715
1805	-0.57
1804	-0.412
1803	-0.312
1802	-0.308
1801	-0.392
1800	-0.491
1799	-0.524
1798	-0.491
1797	-0.443
1796	-0.405
1795	-0.398
1794	-0.458
1793	-0.576
1792	-0.645
1791	-0.579
1790	-0.454
1789	-0.433
1788	-0.561
1787	-0.728
1786	-0.789
1785	-0.68
1784	-0.497
1783	-0.398
1782	-0.431
1781	-0.523
1780	-0.602
1779	-0.648
1778	-0.659
1777	-0.651
1776	-0.645
1775	-0.619
1774	-0.528
1773	-0.406
1772	-0.355
1771	-0.392
1770	-0.458
1769	-0.516
1768	-0.557
1767	-0.581
1766	-0.609
1765	-0.645
1764	-0.643
1763	-0.588
1762	-0.528
1761	-0.495
1760	-0.471
1759	-0.429
1758	-0.363
1757	-0.286
1756	-0.23
1755	-0.251
1754	-0.384
1753	-0.55
1752	-0.597
1751	-0.468
1750	-0.287
1749	-0.246
1748	-0.411
1747	-0.666
1746	-0.837
1745	-0.844
1744	-0.745
1743	-0.657
1742	-0.661
1741	-0.745
1740	-0.826
1739	-0.866
1738	-0.92
1737	-1.024
1736	-1.121
1735	-1.135
1734	-1.068
1733	-1.018
1732	-1.062
1731	-1.184
1730	-1.294
1729	-1.307
1728	-1.196
1727	-0.989
1726	-0.77
1725	-0.652
1724	-0.692
1723	-0.833
1722	-0.964
1721	-1.027
1720	-1.003
1719	-0.886
1718	-0.723
1717	-0.631
1716	-0.7
1715	-0.888
1714	-1.055
1713	-1.093
1712	-1.026
1711	-0.929
1710	-0.821
1709	-0.702
1708	-0.602
1707	-0.536
1706	-0.493
1705	-0.497
1704	-0.589
1703	-0.703
1702	-0.702
1701	-0.593
1700	-0.557
1699	-0.691
1698	-0.907
1697	-1.075
1696	-1.16
1695	-1.207
1694	-1.232
1693	-1.186
1692	-1.047
1691	-0.851
1690	-0.628
1689	-0.43
1688	-0.341
1687	-0.395
1686	-0.514
1685	-0.568
1684	-0.507
1683	-0.406
1682	-0.355
1681	-0.374
1680	-0.444
1679	-0.525
1678	-0.586
1677	-0.653
1676	-0.771
1675	-0.917
1674	-1.049
1673	-1.158
1672	-1.191
1671	-1.102
1670	-0.93
1669	-0.745
1668	-0.618
1667	-0.609
1666	-0.7
1665	-0.812
1664	-0.88
1663	-0.863
1662	-0.772
1661	-0.697
1660	-0.705
1659	-0.774
1658	-0.846
1657	-0.885
1656	-0.881
1655	-0.858
1654	-0.82
1653	-0.748
1652	-0.659
1651	-0.606
1650	-0.612
1649	-0.655
1648	-0.676
1647	-0.612
1646	-0.48
1645	-0.398
1644	-0.465
1643	-0.643
1642	-0.773
1641	-0.748
1640	-0.606
1639	-0.465
1638	-0.395
1637	-0.404
1636	-0.491
1635	-0.615
1634	-0.66
1633	-0.581
1632	-0.489
1631	-0.466
1630	-0.463
1629	-0.452
1628	-0.508
1627	-0.659
1626	-0.809
1625	-0.862
1624	-0.85
1623	-0.856
1622	-0.894
1621	-0.91
1620	-0.859
1619	-0.746
1618	-0.613
1617	-0.503
1616	-0.413
1615	-0.325
1614	-0.258
1613	-0.227
1612	-0.206
1611	-0.181
1610	-0.195
1609	-0.268
1608	-0.335
1607	-0.337
1606	-0.336
1605	-0.431
1604	-0.599
1603	-0.73
1602	-0.764
1601	-0.724
1600	-0.656
1599	-0.604
1598	-0.617
1597	-0.715
1596	-0.829
1595	-0.855
1594	-0.745
1593	-0.543
1592	-0.352
1591	-0.232
1590	-0.157
1589	-0.112
1588	-0.157
1587	-0.347
1586	-0.615
1585	-0.795
1584	-0.771
1583	-0.596
1582	-0.421
1581	-0.309
1580	-0.204
1579	-0.083
1578	0.022
1577	0.093
1576	0.109
1575	0.038
1574	-0.101
1573	-0.245
1572	-0.311
1571	-0.252
1570	-0.104
1569	0.026
1568	0.02
1567	-0.138
1566	-0.328
1565	-0.413
1564	-0.362
1563	-0.262
1562	-0.202
1561	-0.181
1560	-0.146
1559	-0.068
1558	0.043
1557	0.151
1556	0.208
1555	0.179
1554	0.079
1553	-0.017
1552	-0.067