# Swiss 517 Year Grain Harvest Date Spring/Summer Temperature Reconstruction
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#               World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                  and
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data,
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed
#
#
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:17615
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24611
#
# Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/switzerland/swiss-summer-temp2011.txt
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Archive: Climate Reconstructions
# --------------------
# Contribution_date
#	Date: 2014-12-10
# --------------------
# Title 
#	Study_Name: Swiss 517 Year Grain Harvest Date Spring/Summer Temperature Reconstruction
# --------------------
# Investigators
#	Investigators:  Wetter, O.; Pfister, C.
# --------------------
# Description_and_Notes
# 	Description: 517-yr long reconstruction of spring-summer(MAMJJ) temperatures from documentary-based winter rye (secale cereale)harvest starting dates covering the period from 1454 to 1970.
#	
# --------------------
# Publication
#	Authors: O. Wetter and C. Pfister
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2011-11-29
#	Published_Title: Spring-summer temperatures reconstructed for northern Switzerland and southwestern Germany from winter rye harvest dates, 1454-1970
#	Journal_Name: Climate of the Past
#	Volume: 7	
#	Edition: 	
#	Issue: 4
#	Pages: 1307-1326
#	DOI: 10.5194/cp-7-1307-2011
#	Online_Resource: http://www.clim-past.net/7/1307/2011/cp-7-1307-2011.html
#	Full_Citation:  
#	Abstract: This paper presents a unique 517-yr long documentary data-based reconstruction of spring-summer (MAMJJ) temperatures for northern Switzerland and south-western Germany from 1454 to 1970. It is composed of 25 partial series of winter grain (secale cereale) harvest starting dates (WGHD) that are partly based on harvest related bookkeeping of institutions (hospitals, municipalities), partly on (early) phenological observations. The resulting main Basel WGHD series was homogenised with regard to dating style, data type and altitude. The calibration and verification approach was applied using the homogenous HISTALP temperature series from 1774-1824 for calibration (r = 0.78) and from 1920-1970 for verification (r = 0.75). The latter result even suffers from the weak data base available for 1870-1950. Temperature reconstructions based on WGHD are more influenced by spring temperatures than those based on grape harvest dates (GHD), because rye in contrast to vines already begins to grow as soon as sunlight brings the plant to above freezing. The earliest and latest harvest dates were checked for consistency with narrative documentary weather reports. Comparisons with other European documentary-based GHD and WGHD temperature reconstructions generally reveal significant correlations decreasing with the distance from Switzerland. The new Basel WGHD series shows better skills in representing highly climate change sensitive variations of Swiss Alpine glaciers than available GHD series.
# --------------------
#	Authors: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G.J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2018
#	Published_Title: Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database
#	Journal_Name: Data Science Journal
#	Volume:
#	Edition:
#	Issue:
#	Pages:
#	Report_Number:
#	DOI:
#	Online_Resource:
#	Full_Citation: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G., J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig, submitted. Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database. Data Science Journal.
#	Abstract: Progress in paleoclimatology increasingly occurs via data syntheses. We describe additions to a collection prepared for use in paleoclimate state estimation, specifically the Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR).  The 2290 additional series include 2152 tree ring chronologies and 138 other series.  They supplement the collection used previously and together form a database titled LMRdb 1.0.0. The additional data draws from lake core, ice core, coral, speleothem, and tree ring archives, using published data primarily from the NOAA Paleoclimatology archive and a set of tree ring width chronologies standardized from raw International Tree Ring Data Bank ring width series. In contrast to many previous paleo compilations, the data were not selected (screened) on the basis of their environmental correlation, multi-century length, or other attributes. The inclusion of proxies sensitive to moisture and other environmental variables expands their use in data assimilation.  A preliminary calibration using linear regression with mean annual temperature reveals characteristics of the proxy series and their relationship to temperature, as well as the noise and error characteristics of the records. The additional records are structured as individual files in the NOAA Paleoclimatology format and archived at NOAA Paleoclimatology (Anderson et al. 2018) and will continue to be improved and expanded as part of the LMR Project.  The additions represent a four-fold increase in the number of records available for assimilation, provide expanded geographic coverage, and add additional proxy variables.  Applications include data assimilation, proxy system model development, and paleoclimate reconstruction using climate field reconstruction and other methods.
#------------------
# Funding_Agency
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Swiss National Science Foundation
#	Grant: 100011-120157
# --------------------
# Funding_Agency
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Oeschger Centre for Climatic Change Research (OCCR)
#	Grant:
# --------------------
# Funding_Agency
#	Funding_Agency_Name:  University of Bern
#	Grant: H.A. Vogelin-Bienz-Stiftung, Institute of History
# --------------------
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation
#	Grant:AGS-1304263
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
#	Grant:NA14OAR4310176
#------------------
# Site_Information
#	Site_Name: Northern Switzerland/Southwest Germany
#	Location: Europe>Western Europe
#	Country: 
#	Northernmost_Latitude: -48.5
#	Southernmost_Latitude: 47.0
#	Easternmost_Longitude: 10.0
#	Westernmost_Longitude: 7.0
#	Elevation:
# --------------------
# Data_Collection
#	Collection_Name: 11Swis01
#	Earliest_Year: 1454
#	Most_Recent_Year: 1970
#	Time_Unit: y_ad
#
# --------------------
# Variables
#
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) 
#
##age	Age,,,years AD,,,,,N 
##temp_anom	surface temperature anomaly, , , degrees C, March-July, Climate Reconstruction, , ,N
#
# --------------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing values: NAN
#
age	temp_anom
1454	-0.65
1455	NAN
1456	-1.19
1457	NAN
1458	0.23
1459	NAN
1460	NAN
1461	0.77
1462	-0.65
1463	NAN
1464	0.44
1465	-1.08
1466	-0.32
1467	-0.76
1468	NAN
1469	-0.1
1470	-0.43
1471	0.88
1472	NAN
1473	2.08
1474	NAN
1475	NAN
1476	0.33
1477	-0.32
1478	-0.32
1479	0.44
1480	-0.76
1481	-0.65
1482	0.44
1483	1.64
1484	0.55
1485	-1.08
1486	-0.21
1487	NAN
1488	-0.76
1489	NAN
1490	0.12
1491	NAN
1492	-0.21
1493	-0.32
1494	0.44
1495	0.66
1496	-0.65
1497	-0.1
1498	-0.32
1499	-0.21
1500	0.55
1501	0.55
1502	0.44
1503	0.88
1504	0.66
1505	-0.21
1506	0.33
1507	0.77
1508	0.33
1509	0.33
1510	-0.32
1511	-1.19
1512	0.33
1513	NAN
1514	-0.21
1515	0.23
1516	1.43
1517	0.99
1518	0.77
1519	0.44
1520	-0.1
1521	0.33
1522	-1.3
1523	0.66
1524	0.01
1525	NAN
1526	-0.65
1527	-0.54
1528	0.23
1529	-0.43
1530	0.33
1531	-0.65
1532	0.99
1533	0.44
1534	1.1
1535	0.99
1536	0.55
1537	1.43
1538	NAN
1539	1.32
1540	1.86
1541	NAN
1542	-1.74
1543	-0.54
1544	-0.86
1545	-0.21
1546	0.44
1547	0.77
1548	NAN
1549	0.12
1550	-0.21
1551	0.66
1552	1.32
1553	NAN
1554	NAN
1555	NAN
1556	0.55
1557	-0.1
1558	-0.1
1559	0.44
1560	-0.43
1561	0.66
1562	0.33
1563	0.12
1564	-0.65
1565	-0.32
1566	-1.19
1567	0.44
1568	-0.54
1569	-0.76
1570	-1.19
1571	-0.21
1572	0.55
1573	-0.97
1574	-0.86
1575	-0.97
1576	-0.54
1577	-0.54
1578	-0.43
1579	0.01
1580	-0.1
1581	-0.32
1582	-0.21
1583	0.55
1584	1.1
1585	0.33
1586	-0.21
1587	-0.86
1588	0.55
1589	-0.65
1590	0.12
1591	-0.21
1592	-1.08
1593	-0.1
1594	-0.65
1595	-0.65
1596	-0.54
1597	-1.08
1598	-1.41
1599	0.99
1600	-0.97
1601	NAN
1602	NAN
1603	1.43
1604	0.99
1605	0.66
1606	0.44
1607	-0.65
1608	-1.19
1609	0.66
1610	0.44
1611	1.53
1612	0.55
1613	0.33
1614	-1.63
1615	-0.1
1616	1.97
1617	0.12
1618	-0.43
1619	0.44
1620	-0.54
1621	-1.41
1622	-0.76
1623	-0.1
1624	0.44
1625	0.44
1626	0.77
1627	-0.97
1628	-1.08
1629	0.12
1630	0.01
1631	1.32
1632	-0.76
1633	-0.32
1634	0.12
1635	0.12
1636	1.43
1637	0.88
1638	1.43
1639	0.33
1640	0.77
1641	-0.54
1642	0.33
1643	-0.21
1644	0.01
1645	1.53
1646	0.01
1647	0.44
1648	0.23
1649	-0.86
1650	0.44
1651	0.12
1652	0.33
1653	1.43
1654	0.12
1655	0.33
1656	0.12
1657	0.44
1658	-0.21
1659	0.77
1660	0.33
1661	1.1
1662	0.77
1663	0.01
1664	0.66
1665	0.44
1666	0.55
1667	0.01
1668	0.33
1669	0.88
1670	0.55
1671	0.77
1672	0.01
1673	-0.65
1674	0.44
1675	-0.86
1676	0.99
1677	0.77
1678	0.12
1679	0.66
1680	0.33
1681	0.33
1682	0.44
1683	1.1
1684	0.99
1685	0.55
1686	1.64
1687	0.44
1688	-0.21
1689	-0.21
1690	-0.1
1691	-0.21
1692	-1.3
1693	-0.54
1694	0.55
1695	-0.43
1696	-0.54
1697	0.12
1698	-1.08
1699	-0.1
1700	-0.21
1701	-0.43
1702	-0.32
1703	0.23
1704	0.23
1705	-0.32
1706	0.77
1707	0.01
1708	0.23
1709	-0.21
1710	0.55
1711	0.55
1712	0.33
1713	0.01
1714	-0.21
1715	0.77
1716	-1.3
1717	-0.43
1718	1.53
1719	1.32
1720	0.01
1721	-0.21
1722	0.33
1723	0.88
1724	1.21
1725	0.01
1726	0.88
1727	0.88
1728	1.21
1729	0.23
1730	0.23
1731	-0.1
1732	0.33
1733	0.12
1734	0.44
1735	-0.54
1736	0.44
1737	0.44
1738	-0.1
1739	0.66
1740	-1.3
1741	-0.54
1742	-0.32
1743	-0.43
1744	-0.21
1745	0.01
1746	0.01
1747	-0.32
1748	-0.21
1749	-0.32
1750	-0.1
1751	-0.97
1752	-0.21
1753	0.66
1754	0.23
1755	0.44
1756	-0.1
1757	0.12
1758	-0.1
1759	0.66
1760	0.99
1761	0.66
1762	0.66
1763	-0.43
1764	0.44
1765	0.33
1766	-0.21
1767	-0.43
1768	0.01
1769	-0.1
1770	-0.97
1771	0.01
1772	0.12
1773	-0.32
1774	0.55
1775	-0.32
1776	-0.32
1777	-0.43
1778	0.01
1779	0.33
1780	0.23
1781	0.66
1782	-0.43
1783	0.01
1784	0.01
1785	-0.86
1786	-0.1
1787	-0.86
1788	0.55
1789	-0.32
1790	0.44
1791	0.44
1792	-0.32
1793	-0.32
1794	0.55
1795	0.12
1796	-0.43
1797	-0.32
1798	0.88
1799	-1.63
1800	-0.43
1801	-0.32
1802	0.99
1803	-0.43
1804	0.55
1805	-0.65
1806	0.33
1807	0.23
1808	-0.32
1809	-0.21
1810	-0.43
1811	1.32
1812	-0.43
1813	-0.43
1814	-0.54
1815	0.33
1816	-2.06
1817	-0.76
1818	0.01
1819	0.33
1820	-0.1
1821	-0.76
1822	1.86
1823	-0.54
1824	-1.3
1825	0.01
1826	0.12
1827	0.66
1828	0.01
1829	-0.76
1830	1.1
1831	-0.21
1832	-0.65
1833	-0.1
1834	0.99
1835	1.32
1836	-0.76
1837	-0.21
1838	-0.21
1839	0.44
1840	-0.1
1841	0.12
1842	1.53
1843	-1.3
1844	-0.43
1845	-0.43
1846	1.64
1847	-0.32
1848	0.33
1849	-0.1
1850	-1.3
1851	-1.52
1852	-0.21
1853	-0.1
1854	-0.21
1855	-1.19
1856	0.44
1857	0.77
1858	-0.21
1859	0.88
1860	-1.19
1861	0.01
1862	1.43
1863	0.77
1864	0.01
1865	0.66
1866	0.77
1867	0.99
1868	1.75
1869	0.33
1870	0.66
1871	-0.76
1872	-0.32
1873	0.23
1874	NAN
1875	NAN
1876	-0.54
1877	0.66
1878	0.12
1879	-1.19
1880	-0.43
1881	0.88
1882	0.01
1883	0.33
1884	0.55
1885	0.66
1886	0.55
1887	0.23
1888	-0.65
1889	0.33
1890	-0.21
1891	-0.86
1892	0.23
1893	1.32
1894	0.77
1895	0.33
1896	-0.32
1897	0.77
1898	-0.1
1899	0.23
1900	0.23
1901	1.1
1902	0.01
1903	-0.65
1904	1.1
1905	0.88
1906	-0.1
1907	-0.32
1908	0.55
1909	-0.97
1910	-0.21
1911	0.66
1912	0.66
1913	-0.65
1914	-0.1
1915	1.21
1916	0.01
1917	0.55
1918	0.33
1919	-0.65
1920	0.66
1921	1.1
1922	0.77
1923	-0.43
1924	-0.32
1925	-0.1
1926	-0.76
1927	-0.21
1928	0.12
1929	-0.21
1930	NAN
1931	0.33
1932	-0.76
1933	-0.76
1934	1.32
1935	0.33
1936	-0.32
1937	0.77
1938	-0.21
1939	-1.41
1940	-0.1
1941	-0.32
1942	-0.76
1943	0.12
1944	-0.32
1945	0.88
1946	0.44
1947	NAN
1948	-0.76
1949	-0.21
1950	1.32
1951	-0.43
1952	0.88
1953	0.66
1954	-0.1
1955	0.01
1956	-1.08
1957	-0.21
1958	0.01
1959	0.88
1960	0.55
1961	0.12
1962	-1.08
1963	-0.43
1964	0.77
1965	-0.86
1966	0.77
1967	0.23
1968	-0.21
1969	-0.43
1970	-0.76