# Southern Great Barrier Reef Coral Radiocarbon Data
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
#
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1911
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24611
#
# Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/abraham1999.txt
# 
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Archive: Corals and Sclerosponges
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2004-12
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Southern Great Barrier Reef Coral Radiocarbon Data
#--------------------
# Investigators
#       Investigators: Druffel, E.R.M.; Griffin, S. 
#--------------------
# Description_and_Notes
#	Description: 
#--------------------
# Publication 
#       Authors: Druffel, E.R.M.; Griffin, S. 
#       Published_Date_or_Year: 1999     
#       Published_Title: Variability of surface ocean radiocarbon and stable isotopes  in the southwestern Pacific.
#       Journal_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research - Ocean
#       Volume: 104
#       Edition: 
#       Issue: C10
#       Pages: 23, 607-613
#       DOI: 
#       Online_Resource: 
#       Full_Citation: Druffel, E.R.M. and S. Griffin.  1999. Variability of surface ocean radiocarbon and stable isotopes  in the southwestern Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research - Ocean v.104 (C10) pp. 23,607-613.
#       Abstract: We present high-precision radiocarbon (D14C) results and stable isotope  (d18O and d13C) records for a coral from Heron Island (23S, 152E) and  new stable isotope (d18O and d13C) records for annual coral bands from  Abraham Reef (22S, 153E) in the southern Great Barrier Reef studied  earlier [Druffel and Griffin, 1993]. These tracers provide unique  information on the regional water mass history, and together these data  allow us to constrain the variability of circulation in the upper Pacific  over the past four centuries. First, we observe decreases in d18O of coral  from Abraham Reef and Heron Island, indicating an increase in sea surface  temperature and/or a decrease in surface salinity since 1850. Second, the  small Suess effect value (D14C decrease from 1880 to 1955, due mostly to  fossil fuel CO2) observed previously at Abraham Reef [Druffel and Griffin,  1993] is confirmed in the measurements reported here from the Heron Island  coral. This value is low compared to those observed in other areas of the  ocean [Druffel, 1997; Druffel and Linick, 1978; Nozaki et al., 1978]  between 1880 and 1955. Third, we report alterations in the correlation  between El Nino events and the occurrence of low D14C, which is indicative  of long-term change(s) in circulation in the SW Pacific. The D14C shifts  reported here are not large, but even small temporal changes in prebomb  D14C suggest that important changes in the large-scale state of the ocean  have occurred, such as a temporal change in circulation. 
#--------------------
# Publication 
#       Authors: Druffel, E.R.M.; Griffin, S. 
#       Published_Date_or_Year: 1995     
#       Published_Title: Regional variability of surface ocean radiocarbon from southern great barrier reef corals.
#       Journal_Name: Radiocarbon
#       Volume: 37
#       Edition: 
#       Issue: 
#       Pages: 517-524
#       DOI: 
#       Online_Resource: 
#       Full_Citation: Druffel, E.R.M. and S. Griffin.  1995. Regional variability of surface ocean radiocarbon from southern great barrier reef corals. Radiocarbon 37:517-524.
#       Abstract: 
#--------------------
# Publication 
#       Authors: Druffel, E.R.M.; Griffin, S. 
#       Published_Date_or_Year: 1993     
#       Published_Title: Large Variations of Surface Ocean Radiocarbon: Evidence of Circulation  Changes in the Southwestern pacific.
#       Journal_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research
#       Volume: 98
#       Edition: 
#       Issue: C11
#       Pages: 20, 249, 259
#       DOI: 
#       Online_Resource: 
#       Full_Citation: Druffel, E.R.M. and S. Griffin. 1993.  Large Variations of Surface Ocean Radiocarbon: Evidence of Circulation  Changes in the Southwestern pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol.98, NO.C11, pg20,249-20,259.
#       Abstract: 
#------------------
#	Authors: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G.J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2018
#	Published_Title: Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database
#	Journal_Name: Data Science Journal
#	Volume:
#	Edition:
#	Issue:
#	Pages:
#	Report_Number:
#	DOI:
#	Online_Resource:
#	Full_Citation: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G., J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig, submitted. Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database. Data Science Journal.
#	Abstract: Progress in paleoclimatology increasingly occurs via data syntheses. We describe additions to a collection prepared for use in paleoclimate state estimation, specifically the Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR).  The 2290 additional series include 2152 tree ring chronologies and 138 other series.  They supplement the collection used previously and together form a database titled LMRdb 1.0.0. The additional data draws from lake core, ice core, coral, speleothem, and tree ring archives, using published data primarily from the NOAA Paleoclimatology archive and a set of tree ring width chronologies standardized from raw International Tree Ring Data Bank ring width series. In contrast to many previous paleo compilations, the data were not selected (screened) on the basis of their environmental correlation, multi-century length, or other attributes. The inclusion of proxies sensitive to moisture and other environmental variables expands their use in data assimilation.  A preliminary calibration using linear regression with mean annual temperature reveals characteristics of the proxy series and their relationship to temperature, as well as the noise and error characteristics of the records. The additional records are structured as individual files in the NOAA Paleoclimatology format and archived at NOAA Paleoclimatology (Anderson et al. 2018) and will continue to be improved and expanded as part of the LMR Project.  The additions represent a four-fold increase in the number of records available for assimilation, provide expanded geographic coverage, and add additional proxy variables.  Applications include data assimilation, proxy system model development, and paleoclimate reconstruction using climate field reconstruction and other methods.
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# Funding_Agency 
#       Funding_Agency_Name: 
#       Grant: 
#------------------
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation
#	Grant:AGS-1304263
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
#	Grant:NA14OAR4310176
#------------------
# Site_Information 
#       Site_Name: Abraham Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Australia
#       Location: Australia/New Zealand>Australia
#	Country: Australia 
#	Northernmost_Latitude: -22.096667
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: -22.096667
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: 152.492621
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: 152.492621
# 	Elevation: -10 m
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# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: 99aust02a
#	Earliest_Year: 1635 
#	Most_Recent_Year: 1991
#	Time_Unit: y_ad
#	Core_Length:
#	Notes: {"database":"LMR"}  Abraham core-1 Collected December 1985 by Peter Isdale. Abraham core-2 coll. May 1991 by Druffel
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# Species
#	Species_Name: Porites austraiensis
#	Common_Name: 
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# Chronology: 
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# Variables 
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# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) 
#
##age	two-year band midpoint age, , ,years AD, , Corals and Sclerosponges, , ,N
##d14C	delta 13 Carbon, Porites austraiensis, , permil, , Corals and Sclerosponges, , ,N
##err	error calculation per sample, delta 14 Carbon, ,permil, ,Corals and Sclerosponges, , ,N 
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values: NAN 
#
age	d14C	err
1635.3	-51.3	2
1637.3	-56.1	2.6
1639.3	-46.9	2.1
1641.3	-51.5	2.2
1643.3	-48	1.9
1645.3	-42.4	3.6
1647.3	-47.4	1.9
1649.3	-49.8	2.2
1651.3	-46.8	2.3
1653.3	-54.5	2.2
1655.3	-41.1	2.3
1657.3	-43.7	2.2
1659.3	-42.8	2.2
1663.3	-44.9	2.2
1665.3	-53.2	2.3
1667.3	-44.1	2.2
1669.3	-45.3	2.1
1671.3	-49.8	1.9
1673.3	-44.3	2.2
1675.3	-49.3	3.4
1677.3	-33.2	2.3
1679.3	-42.4	2
1681.3	-41.6	2.1
1683.3	-45.3	2.1
1685.3	-35	2.1
1687.3	-55	2.4
1689.3	-48	2.7
1691.3	-30.3	2.6
1693.3	-39	2.1
1695.3	-40	2.3
1697.3	-38.1	2.7
1699.3	-47	2.3
1703.3	-50.6	4.1
1705.3	-48.3	2.4
1707.3	-38.4	2.3
1709.3	-42.9	2.3
1711.3	-38.5	2.3
1713.3	-40.7	2.1
1715.3	-40.5	2.2
1719.3	-36.6	2.2
1721.3	-38.1	2.2
1723.3	-40.8	2
1725.3	-45.3	2.2
1727.3	-34.5	2.1
1729.3	-54.6	2.2
1731.3	-44.1	2.1
1735.3	-44.1	2.3
1737.3	-46.1	2.1
1741.3	-41.1	2.2
1743.3	-47.5	1.9
1747.3	-41.3	2
1749.3	-53.7	2
1751.3	-43.4	2.1
1753.3	-46.8	2.3
1755.3	-48.1	1.9
1757.3	-39	2
1759.3	-40.1	2.2
1761.3	-42.3	2.1
1763.3	-45.6	2
1767.3	-42.6	2.3
1769.3	-56	2
1771.3	-37.7	2.2
1773.3	-44.6	2.8
1775.3	-44.1	2.1
1777.3	-48.9	2.1
1779.3	-46.7	2.3
1783.3	-46.5	2
1785.3	-40.4	1.9
1787.3	-45.7	2
1789.3	-42.2	2
1791.3	-52.6	2.1
1793.3	-43.4	2.2
1795.3	-50.8	2
1797.3	-53.4	2
1799.3	-51.4	2.2
1801.3	-50.6	2.1
1803.3	-44.6	2
1805.3	-50.8	2.7
1807.3	-50.7	3
1809.3	-47.9	2.1
1811.3	-53.5	2.3
1813.3	-49.3	2
1815.3	-44.9	NAN
1817.3	-51.8	2
1819.3	-46.2	2.1
1821.3	-45.9	2
1823.3	-46.1	2.2
1825.3	-41.9	2.1
1827.3	-50.7	2.1
1829.3	-47.9	2.4
1831.3	-51.6	2.1
1833.3	-45.4	2.3
1835.3	-54	2.2
1837.3	-47.1	2.5
1839.3	-52.1	2
1841.3	-44.2	2.2
1843.3	-57.2	2.1
1845.3	-38.3	2.1
1847.3	-45.3	2.1
1849.3	-46.7	2
1851.3	-43	2.3
1853.3	-51.1	2
1855.3	-50.5	2.2
1857.3	-50.3	2.1
1861.3	-51.3	1.9
1863.3	-45.2	2
1865.3	-58.4	2.2
1867.3	-49.6	2.2
1869.3	-51.5	2.2
1871.3	-52.5	2
1873.3	-53.5	1.9
1875.3	-51	2.2
1877.3	-44.9	2
1879.3	-49.4	2.2
1881.3	-43.6	NAN
1883.3	-51.3	2.1
1885.3	-51	2
1887.3	-49	2.1
1889.3	-49	2.1
1891.3	-44.6	2.2
1893.3	-43.7	NAN
1895.3	-49.6	2
1897.3	-48	2.1
1899.3	-43.6	2.4
1901.3	-46.2	2.4
1903.3	-47.1	2.9
1905.3	-53.2	2
1907.3	-46.8	2
1909.3	-55.8	2.1
1911.3	-52	2
1913.3	-50.4	2.6
1915.3	-51.5	2.1
1917.3	-53.7	2.2
1919.3	-46.6	2.2
1921.3	-50.2	2.2
1923.3	-46.4	2.1
1925.3	-53.3	2.1
1927.3	-54.6	NAN
1929.3	-52	2.2
1931.3	-49.5	2.2
1933.3	-47.5	2.2
1935.3	-50.4	2.1
1937.3	-53.8	NAN
1939.3	-53.6	1.9
1941.3	-44.1	2.1
1943.3	-49.1	2.2
1945.3	-54.1	NAN
1947.3	-48.7	2.2
1948.3	-49	NAN
1949.3	-48.2	2.2
1950.3	-52.2	2.1
1951.3	-55.4	2.1
1952.3	-56.3	NAN
1953.3	-56.5	2.1
1954.3	-52.1	2.2
1955.3	-53	2.2
1956.3	-52.5	NAN
1957.3	-51.2	2.2
1958.3	-44.2	2.1
1959.3	-43	2.5
1961.6	-13.7	2
1962.6	-13.7	16.9
1963.6	21	3
1964.6	43	2.2
1967.3	67.8	NAN
1968.3	93.3	NAN
1968.6	81.7	3.4
1970.3	101.5	NAN
1972.3	112.5	NAN
1973.3	105.3	NAN
1974.3	123.1	NAN
1975.3	124.6	NAN
1976.3	136.1	NAN
1977.3	124	NAN
1978.3	122.2	2.2
1979.3	136.7	2.1
1980.3	131.7	2.2
1982.3	125.4	2.8
1983.3	132.2	2.1
1984.3	126.1	NAN
1985.3	128.1	NAN
1986.3	125.8	NAN
1987.3	130.4	NAN
1988.3	119.4	NAN
1989.3	119.2	NAN
1990.3	122	NAN
1991.1	109	NAN