# Greenland Ice Sheet Holocene d18O, Temperature, and Surface Elevation 
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#               World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                  and
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data,
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed
#
#
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/f?p=519:1:::::P1_study_id:11148
#
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24611
#
# Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/vinther2009greenland.txt
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Archive: Ice Cores
# --------------------
# Contribution_date
#	Date: 2011
# --------------------
# Title 
#	Study_Name: Greenland Ice Sheet Holocene d18O, Temperature, and Surface Elevation  
# --------------------
# Investigators
#	Investigators: Vinther, B.m.; Buchardt, S.L.; Clausen, H.B.; Dahl-Jensen, D.; Johnsen, S.J.; Fisher, D.A.; Joerner, R.M.; Raynaud, D.; Lipenkov, V.; Andersen, K.K.; Blunier, T.; Rasmussen, S.O.; Steffensen, J.P.; Svensson, A.M. 
# --------------------
# Description_and_Notes
# 	Description: Oxygen isotope data and uplift correction plus surface temperature reconstruction and elevation calculations for 6 Greenland ice cores over the Holocene. 
#
#	Site locations: 
#	A84/A87 ice cores, Canada:     80.7°N,  73.1°W, 1730m elev.  
#	Camp Century core, Greenland: 77°10'N, 61°08'W, 1890m elev.  
#	NGRIP ice core, Greenland:     75.1°N,  42.3°W, 2920m elev.  
#	GRIP ice core, Greenland:     72°35'N, 37°38'W, 3230m elev.  
#	Renland ice core, Greenland:  71.27°N, 26.73°W, 2350m elev.  
#	DYE-3 ice core, Greenland:    65°11'N, 43°49'W, 2490m elev.  
#
#
# --------------------
# Publication
#	Authors: B.M. Vinther, S.L. Buchardt, H.B. Clausen, D. Dahl-Jensen, S.J. Johnsen, D.A. Fisher, R.M. Koerner, D. Raynaud, V. Lipenkov, K.K. Andersen, T. Blunier, S.O. Rasmussen, J.P. Steffensen, and A.M. Svensson
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2009-09-17
#	Published_Title: Holocene thinning of the Greenland ice sheet
#	Journal_Name: Nature
#	Volume: 36			
#	Edition: 	
#	Issue: L20704
#	Pages: 
#	DOI: doi:10.1029/2009GL040104
#	Online_Resource: 
#	Full_Citation:  
#	Abstract: On entering an era of global warming, the stability of the Greenland  ice sheet (GIS) is an important concern, especially in the light of  new evidence of rapidly changing flow and melt conditions at the GIS  margins. Studying the response of the GIS to past climatic change may  help to advance our understanding of GIS dynamics. The previous  interpretation of evidence from stable isotopes (d18O) in water from  GIS ice cores was that Holocene climate variability on the GIS differed  spatially and that a consistent Holocene climate optimum - the unusually  warm period from about 9,000 to 6,000 years ago found in many northern  latitude palaeoclimate records - did not exist. Here we extract both  the Greenland Holocene temperature history and the evolution of GIS  surface elevation at four GIS locations. We achieve this by comparing  d18O from GIS ice cores with d18O from ice cores from small marginal  icecaps. Contrary to the earlier interpretation of d18O evidence from  ice cores, our new temperature history reveals a pronounced Holocene  climatic optimum in Greenland coinciding with maximum thinning near  the GIS margins. Our d18O-based results are corroborated by the air  content of ice cores, a proxy for surface elevation. State-of-the-art  ice sheet models are generally found to be underestimating the extent  and changes in GIS elevation and area; our findings may help to improve  the ability of models to reproduce the GIS response to Holocene climate.
# --------------------
#	Authors: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G.J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2018
#	Published_Title: Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database
#	Journal_Name: Data Science Journal
#	Volume:
#	Edition:
#	Issue:
#	Pages:
#	Report_Number:
#	DOI:
#	Online_Resource:
#	Full_Citation: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G., J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig, submitted. Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database. Data Science Journal.
#	Abstract: Progress in paleoclimatology increasingly occurs via data syntheses. We describe additions to a collection prepared for use in paleoclimate state estimation, specifically the Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR).  The 2290 additional series include 2152 tree ring chronologies and 138 other series.  They supplement the collection used previously and together form a database titled LMRdb 1.0.0. The additional data draws from lake core, ice core, coral, speleothem, and tree ring archives, using published data primarily from the NOAA Paleoclimatology archive and a set of tree ring width chronologies standardized from raw International Tree Ring Data Bank ring width series. In contrast to many previous paleo compilations, the data were not selected (screened) on the basis of their environmental correlation, multi-century length, or other attributes. The inclusion of proxies sensitive to moisture and other environmental variables expands their use in data assimilation.  A preliminary calibration using linear regression with mean annual temperature reveals characteristics of the proxy series and their relationship to temperature, as well as the noise and error characteristics of the records. The additional records are structured as individual files in the NOAA Paleoclimatology format and archived at NOAA Paleoclimatology (Anderson et al. 2018) and will continue to be improved and expanded as part of the LMR Project.  The additions represent a four-fold increase in the number of records available for assimilation, provide expanded geographic coverage, and add additional proxy variables.  Applications include data assimilation, proxy system model development, and paleoclimate reconstruction using climate field reconstruction and other methods.
#------------------
# Funding_Agency
#	Funding_Agency_Name: 
#	Grant:
# --------------------
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation
#	Grant:AGS-1304263
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
#	Grant:NA14OAR4310176
#------------------
# Site_Information
#	Site_Name: Renland
#	Location: North America>Greenland
#	Country: 
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 71.45
#	Southernmost_Latitude: 71.45
#	Easternmost_Longitude: -27.21667
#	Westernmost_Longitude: -27.21667
#	Elevation: 2350 m
# --------------------
# Data_Collection
#	Collection_Name: 09Renl01
#	Earliest_Year: 11700
#	Most_Recent_Year: 40
#	Time_Unit: yb_2000
#	Notes: {"database":"LMR"} 
#
# --------------------
# Variables
#
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) 
#
##age	age,,,years before 2000 AD,,,,,N
##d18O	delta 18 oxygen,,,permil SMOW,,Ice Cores,,,N 
#
# --------------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing values: NAN
#
age	d18O
40	-27.14
60	-26.76
80	-26.94
100	-27.86
120	-27.63
140	-27.23
160	-27.74
180	-27.77
200	-27.49
220	-27.38
240	-27.47
260	-27.74
280	-27.65
300	-27.97
320	-27.07
340	-27.26
360	-27.35
380	-27.63
400	-27.56
420	-27.34
440	-27.61
460	-27.13
480	-27.01
500	-27.5
520	-27.32
540	-27.48
560	-26.73
580	-27.58
600	-26.71
620	-26.72
640	-27.6
660	-27.63
680	-27
700	-27.17
720	-27.71
740	-27.46
760	-27.78
780	-27.32
800	-27
820	-27.5
840	-26.52
860	-27.23
880	-27.19
900	-27.32
920	-27.33
940	-27.48
960	-27.62
980	-27.27
1000	-27.65
1020	-27.02
1040	-26.78
1060	-27.23
1080	-27.13
1100	-27.42
1120	-26.96
1140	-27.04
1160	-27.22
1180	-26.82
1200	-27.04
1220	-27.94
1240	-27.49
1260	-26.41
1280	-27.02
1300	-27.28
1320	-27.4
1340	-27.49
1360	-27.38
1380	-27.5
1400	-27.15
1420	-27.33
1440	-27.29
1460	-26.92
1480	-27.17
1500	-27.11
1520	-26.82
1540	-27.95
1560	-27.31
1580	-26.97
1600	-26.51
1620	-26.64
1640	-27.25
1660	-27.16
1680	-27.3
1700	-26.8
1720	-27.55
1740	-26.97
1760	-27.58
1780	-27.43
1800	-27.64
1820	-27.47
1840	-26.97
1860	-27.02
1880	-26.79
1900	-26.92
1920	-27.58
1940	-27.1
1960	-27.19
1980	-27.03
2000	-27.09
2020	-27.11
2040	-26.33
2060	-26.92
2080	-27.79
2100	-26.92
2120	-27.2
2140	-27.29
2160	-26.8
2180	-26.98
2200	-27.66
2220	-27.46
2240	-27.38
2260	-26.9
2280	-27.34
2300	-26.81
2320	-26.96
2340	-27.84
2360	-27.46
2380	-27.39
2400	-27.15
2420	-27.67
2440	-26.78
2460	-27.44
2480	-27.11
2500	-27.81
2520	-27.6
2540	-26.69
2560	-26.76
2580	-26.75
2600	-26.9
2620	-27.1
2640	-27.52
2660	-26.88
2680	-26.71
2700	-26.78
2720	-27.24
2740	-27.58
2760	-27.2
2780	-27.04
2800	-26.69
2820	-27.09
2840	-27
2860	-27.08
2880	-27.25
2900	-26.95
2920	-27.04
2940	-27.33
2960	-26.84
2980	-26.18
3000	-27.17
3020	-26.82
3040	-26.68
3060	-27.18
3080	-26.96
3100	-27.12
3120	-26.97
3140	-26.88
3160	-27.35
3180	-26.49
3200	-26.59
3220	-27.19
3240	-27.38
3260	-27
3280	-26.67
3300	-26.76
3320	-27.17
3340	-26.64
3360	-26.93
3380	-26.94
3400	-27.2
3420	-26.61
3440	-26.93
3460	-26.95
3480	-26.76
3500	-26.84
3520	-26.74
3540	-27
3560	-26.94
3580	-26.53
3600	-26.93
3620	-27.11
3640	-26.48
3660	-26.23
3680	-26.37
3700	-26.44
3720	-26.59
3740	-26.52
3760	-26.68
3780	-26.89
3800	-26.78
3820	-26.47
3840	-27.15
3860	-27.1
3880	-26.83
3900	-26.72
3920	-26.36
3940	-26.41
3960	-26.35
3980	-26.71
4000	-26.41
4020	-26.61
4040	-27.06
4060	-26.75
4080	-26.65
4100	-26.41
4120	-26.81
4140	-26.88
4160	-26.79
4180	-26.46
4200	-26.29
4220	-26.46
4240	-27
4260	-26.55
4280	-27.02
4300	-26.69
4320	-26.67
4340	-26.8
4360	-27.01
4380	-26.88
4400	-26.44
4420	-26.52
4440	-26.11
4460	-26.47
4480	-26.57
4500	-26.17
4520	-26.74
4540	-26.47
4560	-26.98
4580	-26.99
4600	-26.49
4620	-26.23
4640	-26.54
4660	-26.68
4680	-27.19
4700	-26.75
4720	-26.92
4740	-26.58
4760	-26.63
4780	-27.07
4800	-27.03
4820	-26.75
4840	-26.07
4860	-26.63
4880	-26.73
4900	-26.32
4920	-26.5
4940	-26.35
4960	-26.35
4980	-26.86
5000	-26.41
5020	-26.83
5040	-26.77
5060	-26.3
5080	-26.7
5100	-25.7
5120	-26.81
5140	-26.86
5160	-26.38
5180	-26.42
5200	-26.29
5220	-26.46
5240	-26.56
5260	-26.68
5280	-26.51
5300	-26.47
5320	-25.88
5340	-25.95
5360	-26.2
5380	-26.62
5400	-26.9
5420	-26.76
5440	-27.01
5460	-26.75
5480	-26.93
5500	-26.71
5520	-26.62
5540	-26.84
5560	-26.27
5580	-26.56
5600	-26.93
5620	-27.13
5640	-26.71
5660	-26.51
5680	-26.47
5700	-26.3
5720	-26.64
5740	-26.47
5760	-26.69
5780	-26.32
5800	-26.61
5820	-26.2
5840	-26.71
5860	-26.51
5880	-26.55
5900	-26.21
5920	-26.51
5940	-27
5960	-26.72
5980	-26.6
6000	-26.45
6020	-26.31
6040	-26.76
6060	-25.89
6080	-26.03
6100	-26.13
6120	-26.02
6140	-26.59
6160	-26.87
6180	-26.81
6200	-26.51
6220	-26.67
6240	-26.97
6260	-26.63
6280	-26.43
6300	-25.97
6320	-26.32
6340	-26.46
6360	-26.43
6380	-25.83
6400	-26.06
6420	-26.17
6440	-26.17
6460	-26.43
6480	-26.62
6500	-26.09
6520	-25.67
6540	-25.92
6560	-26.07
6580	-26.34
6600	-26.72
6620	-26.59
6640	-26.56
6660	-26.58
6680	-26.34
6700	-26.23
6720	-26.33
6740	-26.9
6760	-26.45
6780	-26.06
6800	-26.26
6820	-26.48
6840	-26.17
6860	-26.48
6880	-26.38
6900	-26.09
6920	-26.19
6940	-26.12
6960	-26.3
6980	-26.27
7000	-26.45
7020	-26.48
7040	-26.28
7060	-25.91
7080	-26.45
7100	-26.7
7120	-26.45
7140	-26.29
7160	-25.98
7180	-26.14
7200	-26.63
7220	-26.28
7240	-25.59
7260	-26.06
7280	-26.41
7300	-26.5
7320	-26.04
7340	-26.22
7360	-26.06
7380	-26.44
7400	-26.18
7420	-25.74
7440	-26.09
7460	-26.25
7480	-26.2
7500	-26.19
7520	-26.02
7540	-26.02
7560	-26.26
7580	-26.13
7600	-26.04
7620	-26.37
7640	-26.44
7660	-25.56
7680	-26
7700	-25.88
7720	-25.85
7740	-25.74
7760	-25.92
7780	-25.68
7800	-25.86
7820	-25.9
7840	-26.03
7860	-25.87
7880	-25.64
7900	-25.66
7920	-25.53
7940	-25.78
7960	-26.03
7980	-25.49
8000	-25.67
8020	-25.53
8040	-25.55
8060	-25.81
8080	-25.48
8100	-26.26
8120	-26
8140	-26.32
8160	-26.5
8180	-26.97
8200	-26.97
8220	-27.42
8240	-27.71
8260	-26.37
8280	-26.15
8300	-26.25
8320	-26.13
8340	-25.72
8360	-25.86
8380	-25.91
8400	-25.54
8420	-25.84
8440	-25.87
8460	-26.14
8480	-26.29
8500	-25.84
8520	-26.4
8540	-26.07
8560	-26.41
8580	-26.31
8600	-26.23
8620	-26.03
8640	-26.1
8660	-25.68
8680	-26.14
8700	-26.05
8720	-25.9
8740	-25.9
8760	-26.2
8780	-25.84
8800	-25.41
8820	-25.17
8840	-25.88
8860	-25.53
8880	-25.68
8900	-25.84
8920	-25.21
8940	-26.1
8960	-25.75
8980	-26.08
9000	-25.93
9020	-25.51
9040	-25.99
9060	-25.63
9080	-26.14
9100	-25.54
9120	-25.7
9140	-25.44
9160	-25.37
9180	-25.83
9200	-25.87
9220	-25.11
9240	-25.43
9260	-25.3
9280	-26.33
9300	-26.76
9320	-25.8
9340	-25.55
9360	-25.67
9380	-25.68
9400	-25.64
9420	-25.58
9440	-25.15
9460	-25.53
9480	-25.65
9500	-25.82
9520	-25.67
9540	-25.96
9560	-25.65
9580	-25.45
9600	-26.12
9620	-25.38
9640	-25.92
9660	-26.2
9680	-25.82
9700	-25.71
9720	-25.22
9740	-25.16
9760	-25.63
9780	-25.95
9800	-25.4
9820	-25.67
9840	-26.34
9860	-25.48
9880	-25.86
9900	-26.03
9920	-25.85
9940	-25.93
9960	-26.31
9980	-25.39
10000	-26.19
10020	-26.03
10040	-25.74
10060	-25.91
10080	-26.31
10100	-26.13
10120	-25.9
10140	-26.26
10160	-26.4
10180	-26.59
10200	-26.39
10220	-26.52
10240	-26.41
10260	-26.15
10280	-26.19
10300	-26.54
10320	-26.24
10340	-26.57
10360	-26.81
10380	-26.74
10400	-26.71
10420	-27.24
10440	-26.33
10460	-26.77
10480	-26.55
10500	-26.04
10520	-26.17
10540	-26.42
10560	-27.18
10580	-26.88
10600	-26.41
10620	-26.55
10640	-26.51
10660	-26.63
10680	-26.26
10700	-26.54
10720	-26.62
10740	-26.74
10760	-27.01
10780	-26.88
10800	-26.6
10820	-27.02
10840	-26.99
10860	-26.81
10880	-27.11
10900	-27.34
10920	-27.11
10940	-27.03
10960	-27.4
10980	-27.08
11000	-27.4
11020	-27.42
11040	-27.74
11060	-27.61
11080	-27.28
11100	-27.22
11120	-27.17
11140	-27.25
11160	-27.76
11180	-27.58
11200	-27.43
11220	-27.66
11240	-27.45
11260	-27.38
11280	-27.43
11300	-27.7
11320	-27.56
11340	-27.43
11360	-27.44
11380	-28.22
11400	-28.94
11420	-29.23
11440	-29.13
11460	-28.89
11480	-28.78
11500	-28.54
11520	-28.38
11540	-28.09
11560	-27.89
11580	-27.95
11600	-27.74
11620	-27.55
11640	-27.48
11660	-27.63
11680	-28.42
11700	-29.31