# Sofular Cave, Turkey 50KYr Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:8637 # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24611 # # Original_Source_URL: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/turkey/sofular2009.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Speleothems #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2009-11-01 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Sofular Cave, Turkey 50KYr Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Fleitmann, D.; Cheng, H.; Badertscher, S.; Edwards, R.L.; Mudelsee, M.; Göktürk, O.M.; Fankhauser, A.; Pickering, R.; Raible, C.C.; Matter, A.; Kramers, J.; Tüysüz, O. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Stable isotope (carbon and oxygen) of stalagmite So-1 from Sofular Cave, Northern Turkey. 230Th dating of stalagmite So-1 was made on a multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS, Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune) at the Minnesota Isotope Laboratory, University of Minnesota (auxiliary material Table A1). Further 230Th dating on all stalagmites was done on a Nu Instruments MC-ICP-MS at the Geological Institute, University of Bern. Stable isotope analyses were performed on a Finnigan Delta V Advantage mass spectrometer equipped with an automated carbonate preparation system (Gas Bench-II) at the Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern. Precision of d13C and d18O measurements is 0.06 and 0.07 (1s-error) respectively. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Fleitmann, D.; Cheng, H.; Badertscher, S.; Edwards, R.L.; Mudelsee, M.; Göktürk, O.M.; Fankhauser, A.; Pickering, R.; Raible, C.C.; Matter, A.; Kramers, J.; Tüysüz, O. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2009 # Published_Title: Timing and climatic impact of Greenland interstadials recorded in stalagmites from northern Turkey. # Journal_Name: Geophys. Res. Lett. # Volume: 36 # Edition: # Issue: L19707 # Pages: # DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040050 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: Fleitmann, D., H. Cheng, S. Badertscher, R.L. Edwards, M. Mudelsee, O.M. Göktürk, A. Fankhauser, R. Pickering, C.C. Raible, A. Matter, J. Kramers, and O. Tüysüz. 2009. Timing and climatic impact of Greenland interstadials recorded in stalagmites from northern Turkey. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L19707, doi:10.1029/2009GL040050. # Abstract: A 50 kyr-long exceptionally well-dated and highly resolved stalagmite oxygen (d18O) and carbon (d13C) isotope record from Sofular Cave in northwestern Turkey helps to further improve the dating of Greenland Interstadials (GI) 1, and 3-12. Timing of most GI in the Sofular record is consistent within �10 to 300 years with the "iconic" Hulu Cave record. Larger divergences (>500 years) between Sofular and Hulu are only observed for GI 4 and 7. The Sofular record differs from the most recent NGRIP chronology by up to several centuries, whereas age offsets do not increase systematically with depth. The Sofular record also reveals a rapid and sensitive climate and ecosystem response in the eastern Mediterranean to GI, whereas a phase lag of ~100 years between climate and full ecosystem response is evident. Finally, results of spectral analyses of the Sofular isotope records do not support a 1,470-year pacing of GI. #------------------ # Authors: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G.J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018 # Published_Title: Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database # Journal_Name: Data Science Journal # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G., J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig, submitted. Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database. Data Science Journal. # Abstract: Progress in paleoclimatology increasingly occurs via data syntheses. We describe additions to a collection prepared for use in paleoclimate state estimation, specifically the Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR). The 2290 additional series include 2152 tree ring chronologies and 138 other series. They supplement the collection used previously and together form a database titled LMRdb 1.0.0. The additional data draws from lake core, ice core, coral, speleothem, and tree ring archives, using published data primarily from the NOAA Paleoclimatology archive and a set of tree ring width chronologies standardized from raw International Tree Ring Data Bank ring width series. In contrast to many previous paleo compilations, the data were not selected (screened) on the basis of their environmental correlation, multi-century length, or other attributes. The inclusion of proxies sensitive to moisture and other environmental variables expands their use in data assimilation. A preliminary calibration using linear regression with mean annual temperature reveals characteristics of the proxy series and their relationship to temperature, as well as the noise and error characteristics of the records. The additional records are structured as individual files in the NOAA Paleoclimatology format and archived at NOAA Paleoclimatology (Anderson et al. 2018) and will continue to be improved and expanded as part of the LMR Project. The additions represent a four-fold increase in the number of records available for assimilation, provide expanded geographic coverage, and add additional proxy variables. Applications include data assimilation, proxy system model development, and paleoclimate reconstruction using climate field reconstruction and other methods. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Swiss National Science Foundation # Grant: PP002-110554/1 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: U.S. National Science Foundation # Grant: ESH 0502535 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Gary Comer Science and Education Foundation # Grant: CP41 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: NCCR Climate # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Istanbul Technical University # Grant: ITU-BAP-32491 #------------------ # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant:AGS-1304263 # Funding_Agency_Name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration # Grant:NA14OAR4310176 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Sofular Cave # Location: Asia>Western Asia>Turkey # Country: Turkey # Northernmost_Latitude: 41.416 # Southernmost_Latitude: 41.416 # Easternmost_Longitude: 31.934 # Westernmost_Longitude: 31.934 # Elevation: 700 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: 09turk01a # Earliest_Year: 50274 # Most_Recent_Year: -56 # Time_Unit: yb_1950 # Core_Length: 1.694 m # Notes: {"database":"LMR"} #------------------ # Species # Species_Name: # Common_Name: #------------------ # Chronology: #Table S1: Uranium-series ages for stalagmite So-1, measured at the Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota. #Sample Depth 238U err 232Th err 230Th/232Th err d234U* err 230Th/238U err 230Th Age err 230Th Age err # (mm) (ppb) (ppt) (atomic x10-6) (measured) (activity) (uncorrected) (corrected***) # #So-1-M1 80 313.3 0.5 151.8 9.5 198.198 12.820 1032.963 3.528 0.0058 0.0001 0.313 0.005 0.248 0.006 #So-1-M2 124 470.3 0.9 129.9 10.1 632.411 49.411 961.715 6.844 0.0106 0.0001 0.59 0.006 0.528 0.006 #So-1-M3 147 496.5 0.8 133.7 10.2 951.415 73.088 1061.694 3.68 0.0155 0.0001 0.824 0.007 0.762 0.007 #So-1-M4 192 464.7 0.7 93.9 10.6 2479.886 281.405 1072.16 3.452 0.0304 0.0002 1.61 0.009 1.549 0.009 #So-1-M5 218 366.6 0.5 83.3 11 2769.926 365.773 1095.44 3.056 0.0382 0.0002 2.001 0.012 1.94 0.012 #So-1-M6 243 279.9 0.5 309.9 9.9 707.388 22.891 1066.509 4.083 0.0475 0.0002 2.531 0.014 2.458 0.016 #So-1-M7 271 372.6 0.6 304.4 10.1 1049.479 35.173 1011.953 3.608 0.0521 0.0003 2.85 0.016 2.78 0.017 #So-1-M8 302 369.3 0.6 285.8 10.2 1321.158 47.494 1043.27 3.286 0.0621 0.0003 3.353 0.017 3.284 0.018 #So-1-p 316 532.8 0.6 309.3 20.4 1930.592 128.678 1028.072 1.748 0.068 0.0006 3.707 0.035 3.641 0.035 #So-1-1 1033 335.2 0.3 373.4 12.7 2913.307 100.069 969.341 1.72 0.1968 0.0008 11.388 0.048 11.313 0.049 #So-1-2 1042 355.2 0.4 431.5 13 2753.322 83.817 945.425 1.648 0.2029 0.0007 11.906 0.047 11.83 0.048 #So-1-3 1049 382.9 0.4 196.8 12.2 6747.278 420.507 960.125 1.81 0.2103 0.0007 12.266 0.045 12.2 0.045 #So-1-4 1078 372.9 0.4 162.4 13.3 8468.754 696.568 993.102 1.819 0.2237 0.0008 12.858 0.048 12.794 0.049 #So-1-a 1081 403.5 0.4 105.8 10.9 13667.350 1414.444 919.262 1.686 0.2174 0.0007 12.983 0.043 12.921 0.043 #So-1-6 1083 428.7 0.5 297.7 14.1 5222.772 248.569 937.004 1.724 0.22 0.0007 13.023 0.048 12.954 0.048 #So-1-7 1102 440 0.5 109.8 12.5 14963.060 1704.581 953.385 1.788 0.2265 0.0007 13.309 0.043 13.248 0.043 #So-1-8 1111 364.7 0.4 124.7 12.5 10887.798 1093.187 933.188 1.679 0.2259 0.0007 13.418 0.048 13.355 0.048 #So-1-b 1202 620.3 0.8 299.4 19.1 8885.815 567.191 1033 1.83 0.2601 0.0008 14.76 0.048 14.696 0.048 #So-1-9 1202 599.6 0.7 247.6 10.4 10390.217 438.308 1034.322 1.808 0.2603 0.0006 14.762 0.036 14.698 0.036 #So-1-10 1205 376.6 0.4 787.9 13.7 2137.735 37.606 1085.604 1.794 0.2712 0.0007 15.016 0.045 14.929 0.049 #So-1-11 1344 372.9 0.4 479.6 11.1 4722.237 109.269 1029.142 1.768 0.3683 0.0008 21.481 0.054 21.405 0.056 #SO-1-M21 1351 401.8 0.5 565.6 16.4 4697.297 136.242 982.645 1.835 0.4011 0.0007 24.193 0.056 24.115 0.057 #So-1-12 1370 458.2 0.4 314.8 12.1 10167.477 391.243 1012.166 1.667 0.4237 0.0008 25.277 0.058 25.209 0.059 #SO-1-M20 1400 536.6 0.6 311.3 18.1 12600.129 733.855 959.034 1.816 0.4433 0.0009 27.398 0.067 27.332 0.067 #So-1-13 1423 426.4 0.4 199.6 15.8 16523.774 1307.336 1033.654 1.822 0.4691 0.0011 27.965 0.078 27.9 0.078 #So-1-c 1440 361.6 0.4 317.2 11.1 9273.105 325.348 1032.557 1.741 0.4933 0.001 29.605 0.074 29.535 0.074 #So-1-14 1440 355.2 0.3 532.4 12.6 5405.425 127.920 1031.03 1.681 0.4914 0.001 29.499 0.072 29.421 0.074 #So-1-15 1454 619.7 1 379.9 10.5 13620.553 378.596 1051.281 2.437 0.5064 0.0012 30.172 0.089 30.106 0.089 #So-1-d 1468 431.4 0.4 162.8 14.9 22137.877 2022.605 1008.373 1.635 0.5068 0.0011 30.937 0.08 30.873 0.08 #So-1-16 1469 482 0.5 121.6 10 33171.670 2718.626 1010.976 1.89 0.5076 0.001 30.946 0.075 30.885 0.075 #SO-1-M18 1490 373.1 0.5 992.1 19.6 3279.455 64.907 1013.39 1.921 0.5289 0.0011 32.376 0.083 32.281 0.087 #So-1-17 1496 482.2 0.5 375.6 8.6 11214.360 257.687 1011.44 1.733 0.5297 0.0009 32.474 0.07 32.405 0.071 #So-1-e 1505 487.3 0.5 264.1 14.7 17003.623 949.928 1094.152 1.788 0.5589 0.0012 32.934 0.085 32.869 0.085 #So-1-18 1513 403.9 0.4 289.7 12.1 12980.074 541.229 1088.751 1.832 0.5646 0.001 33.42 0.073 33.352 0.073 #So-1-19 1528 370.7 0.4 414.9 10.4 8120.030 202.829 989.405 1.84 0.5512 0.0009 34.415 0.073 34.341 0.074 #So-1-f 1544 465.6 0.6 162.4 11.4 27577.747 1929.659 1000.92 2.058 0.5834 0.0012 36.494 0.095 36.431 0.095 #So-1-20 1545 443.9 0.4 542.3 13.7 7890.679 199.900 1000.352 1.773 0.5847 0.0011 36.595 0.087 36.52 0.088 #So-1-21 1547 360 0.3 381.2 12 9075.363 286.072 969.791 1.718 0.5829 0.0011 37.138 0.09 37.065 0.09 #So-1-22 1555 532.7 0.6 512.2 15.1 10060.062 296.825 957.881 1.755 0.5866 0.0012 37.682 0.097 37.611 0.097 #So-1-g 1562 481.5 0.5 909.2 15.4 5151.405 87.691 951.003 1.903 0.59 0.0011 38.097 0.096 38.012 0.098 #So-1-23 1567 763.6 0.9 208.8 12.1 35585.357 2063.878 942.768 1.74 0.5901 0.0011 38.296 0.095 38.234 0.095 #So-1-24 1585 343.2 0.3 881.1 14.7 4232.875 71.029 1106.721 1.741 0.659 0.0012 39.539 0.095 39.448 0.098 #SO-1-M17 1598 474.4 0.6 450.5 19.9 11079.972 488.847 1009.463 1.726 0.6381 0.0012 40.3 0.097 40.229 0.098 #SO-1-M16 1620 477.6 0.6 204.5 20.5 25233.670 2531.647 1013.918 2.009 0.6553 0.0014 41.466 0.115 41.403 0.116 #SO-1-M14 1643 481.9 0.5 344.9 20 15398.998 891.815 1047.098 1.655 0.6684 0.0012 41.616 0.094 41.55 0.094 #SO-1-M13 1658 330.2 0.4 617.2 19 5808.040 178.529 983.143 1.889 0.6585 0.0011 42.49 0.099 42.407 0.101 #SO-1-M12 1668 323.7 0.4 3773 43.4 1021.438 11.858 1084.311 1.98 0.7221 0.0014 44.612 0.115 44.403 0.158 #SO-1-M11 1680 301.8 0.3 2573.1 32.6 1525.259 19.481 1112.454 1.818 0.7888 0.0015 48.791 0.125 48.625 0.146 #SO-1-M10 1689 530.5 0.7 782.3 22.1 8799.119 248.973 1076.89 2.219 0.7869 0.0015 49.694 0.133 49.618 0.134 #SO-1-M9 1694 484.2 0.6 1661.2 24.9 3736.021 56.338 1040.414 2.121 0.7774 0.0016 50.066 0.139 49.964 0.142 # #*del234U = ([234U/238U]activity - 1)x1000. #**B.P. stands for Before Present where the present is defined as the year 1950 A.D. #***Corrected 230Th ages assume the initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 4.4 2.2 x10-6. Those are the values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%. #**** The error is 2s error.# # # # # # # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ##age age, , , years before 1950, , , , ,N ##d13C delta 13 Carbon,,,permil VPDB,,Speleothems,,,N ##d18O delta 18 Oxygen,,,permil VPDB,,Speleothems,,,N # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: NAN # age d13C d18O -56 -10.18 -8.39 -54.08 -10.03 -8.13 -52.15 -11.07 -8.05 -50.23 -11.02 -8.28 -48.3 -10.42 -8.18 -46.38 -10.09 -8.31 -44.45 -10.62 -8.38 -42.53 -10.72 -8.37 -40.6 -10.24 -8.45 -38.68 -10.62 -8.26 -36.75 -10.46 -8.39 -34.83 -10.33 -8.29 -32.91 -10.04 -8.36 -30.98 -9.73 -8.5 -29.06 -9.69 -8.73 -27.13 -9.48 -8.43 -25.21 -9.77 -8.3 -23.28 -9.92 -8.4 -21.36 -9.95 -8.42 -19.43 -9.38 -8.62 -17.51 -9.42 -8.27 -15.58 -9.4 -8.04 -13.66 -9.23 -8.05 -11.74 -9.39 -8.02 -9.81 -9.8 -8.04 -7.89 -9.32 -8.03 -5.96 -9.56 -8.07 -4.04 -9.37 -7.97 -2.11 -9.1 -7.96 -0.19 -9.22 -7.91 1.74 -9.58 -8.04 3.66 -9.3 -8.42 5.58 -9.08 -8.39 7.51 -9.12 -8.35 9.43 -9.2 -8.23 11.36 -8.98 -8.15 13.28 -9.28 -7.87 15.21 -9.74 -8.04 17.13 -9.97 -8.18 19.06 -9.28 -8.18 20.98 -8.84 -8.19 22.91 -9 -8.31 24.83 -8.96 -8.05 26.75 -8.69 -7.96 28.68 -8.69 -7.75 30.6 -8.69 -7.69 32.53 -8.81 -7.81 34.45 -9.02 -7.83 36.38 -8.93 -7.69 38.3 -9.26 -7.68 40.23 -9.3 -7.82 42.15 -9.09 -7.76 44.08 -9 -7.77 46 -9.15 -7.85 47.92 -9.49 -7.84 49.85 -9.7 -7.89 51.77 -9.46 -7.78 53.7 -9.68 -7.73 55.62 -9.47 -7.63 57.55 -9.35 -7.49 59.47 -9.19 -7.33 61.4 -9.58 -7.43 63.32 -9.62 -7.84 65.25 -9.85 -8.02 67.17 -9.64 -8.06 69.09 -9.52 -8.02 71.02 -9.71 -7.85 72.94 -9.62 -7.66 74.87 -9.58 -7.82 76.79 -9.69 -7.91 78.72 -9.9 -7.99 80.64 -9.8 -7.97 82.57 -9.51 -7.89 84.49 -9.25 -8 86.42 -9.44 -7.92 88.34 -9.45 -7.89 90.26 -9.68 -7.92 92.19 -9.62 -7.97 94.11 -9.46 -7.99 96.04 -9.73 -7.91 97.96 -9.68 -7.81 99.89 -9.56 -7.98 101.81 -9.86 -8.18 103.74 -10.04 -8.22 105.66 -10.16 -8.27 107.58 -10.22 -8.11 109.51 -10.27 -8.13 111.43 -10.29 -7.99 113.36 -10.05 -7.92 115.28 -10.09 -8.3 117.21 -9.85 -8 119.13 -10.03 -8.26 121.06 -9.97 -8.26 122.98 -9.72 -7.89 124.91 -9.91 -7.88 126.83 -10.15 -7.89 128.75 -10.25 -8.14 130.68 -9.81 -7.98 132.6 -9.85 -7.88 134.53 -10.39 -7.94 136.45 -10.08 -7.97 138.38 -9.98 -8.03 140.3 -10.03 -8.07 142.23 -9.75 -7.76 144.15 -10 -7.7 146.08 -10.08 -7.67 148 -9.94 -7.71 149.92 -9.93 -7.8 151.85 -10.08 -7.89 153.77 -10.24 -7.97 155.7 -10.02 -7.96 157.62 -9.85 -8.05 159.55 -10.15 -8.1 161.47 -10.06 -8.13 163.4 -10.06 -8.23 165.32 -9.79 -8.03 167.25 -9.94 -7.8 169.17 -10.21 -7.88 171.09 -9.89 -7.7 173.02 -9.56 -7.78 174.94 -9.49 -7.77 176.87 -9.82 -7.94 178.79 -10.07 -7.67 180.72 -10.01 -7.7 182.64 -10.28 -7.55 184.57 -10.11 -7.52 186.49 -10.05 -7.5 188.42 -10.64 -7.85 190.34 -10.24 -7.86 192.26 -10.18 -7.87 194.19 -9.96 -7.87 196.11 -9.93 -7.88 198.04 -9.94 -7.64 199.96 -10.11 -7.62 201.89 -9.91 -7.67 203.81 -9.68 -7.58 205.74 -9.67 -7.5 207.66 -9.58 -7.61 209.58 -9.65 -7.52 211.51 -9.66 -7.52 213.43 -9.72 -7.64 215.36 -9.6 -7.72 217.28 -9.69 -7.8 219.21 -9.64 -7.77 221.13 -9.5 -7.8 223.06 -9.42 -7.89 224.98 -9.66 -7.89 226.91 -9.91 -8.16 228.83 -9.76 -8.22 230.75 -9.45 -8.04 232.68 -9.4 -8.1 234.6 -9.37 -8.02 236.53 -9.12 -7.79 238.45 -9.36 -7.78 240.38 -9.85 -7.96 242.3 -9.64 -8 244.23 -9.29 -7.93 246.15 -9.1 -7.98 248.08 -9.45 -7.84 250 -9.54 -7.85 253.22 -9.71 -7.91 256.44 -9.61 -8.01 259.66 -9.59 -7.98 262.87 -9.44 -7.9 266.09 -9.63 -7.96 269.31 -9.41 -7.9 272.53 -9.4 -7.81 275.75 -9.31 -7.74 278.97 -9.48 -7.96 282.18 -9.3 -8.19 285.4 -9.36 -8.19 288.62 -9.27 -8.2 291.84 -9.03 -8.2 295.06 -9.08 -8.11 298.28 -9.05 -8.12 301.49 -9.01 -8.4 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