# Jiuxian Cave, China 19KYr Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:9742 # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24611 # # Original_Source_URL: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/jiuxian2010.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Speleothems #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2011-03-22 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Jiuxian Cave, China 19KYr Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Cai, Y.;Tan, L.;Cheng, H.;An, Z.;Edwards, R.L.;Kelly, M.J.;Kong, X.;Wang, X. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Oxygen isotope data and U-Th dates from two stalagmites collected in 1999 near the end of Jiuxian Cave, Shaanxi Province, central China. Stalagmite C996-1 is ~32 cm in height and 8-13 cm in diameter, and stalagmite C996-2 is ~21 cm in height and 6-9 cm in diameter. Twenty-three and fifteen 230Th dates were acquired from C996-1 and C996-2, respectively. The chronologies show that C996-1 was continuously deposited through the past 8.5 ka BP, and C996-2 grew through the past 19.0 ka BP, excluding two hiatuses between 8.3 and 5.7 ka BP, and 15.4 and 11.9 ka BP. Temporal resolutions for the d18O measurements vary from 4 to 77 years for C996-1, and from 36 to 112 years for C996-2. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cai, Y.;Tan, L.;Cheng, H.;An, Z.;Edwards, R.L.;Kelly, M.J.;Kong, X.;Wang, X. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2010 # Published_Title: The variation of summer monsoon precipitation in central China since the last deglaciation. # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Volume: 291 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 21-31 # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.039 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: Cai, Y., L. Tan, H. Cheng, Z. An, R.L. Edwards, M.J. Kelly, X. Kong, and X. Wang. 2010. The variation of summer monsoon precipitation in central China since the last deglaciation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 291, pp.21-31. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.039 # Abstract: Two stalagmites (C996-1 and C996-2) collected from the Jiuxian Cave in the Shaanxi Province in central China have been studied with U-series dating and stable isotope analysis. Thirty-eight 230Th dating results showed that the stalagmite C996-1 was continuously deposited through the last 8.5 ka BP (thousand years before present, present=1950 AD), and C996-2 was deposited through the last 19 ka BP excluding two growth hiatuses between 8.3 and 5.7 ka BP, and 15.4 and 11.9 ka BP. With a relatively stable boundary condition, we interpret the d18O of speleothem calcite as most indicative of the amount of summer monsoon precipitation, although temperature and other factors might have some minor impact. The d18O records show notable changes within the last glacial maximum (LGM), resembling other East Asian monsoon records such as those from the Hulu and Sanbao Caves, suggesting that significant monsoonal climate changes occurred in eastern Asia as far north as the Qinling Mountains during the LGM interval. A comparison of our records to precisely dated contemporaneous speleothem records from other caves shows that the increasing trend of d18O during the Holocene commenced as early as ~7.5 ka BP in the low-latitude monsoonal area, i.e. the Hoti Cave, while at higher latitudes this shift occurred later, such as ~7.0 ka BP in the Dongge Cave, ~5.3 ka BP in the Heshang Cave, ~4.7 ka BP in the Sanbao Cave and ~4.5 ka BP in the Jiuxian Cave. These results imply an asynchronous change of the summer monsoon precipitation occurred in East Asia during the Holocene. The asynchrony may be related to the responses of a coupled tropical and subtropical monsoon system to changes of the insolation and the differences in thermal forcing, which result from the complex geographical configuration. The variation of sea surface temperature (SST) in the western tropical Pacific may also have important impacts on the summer monsoon precipitation changes in central and northern China because it affects the Northwestern Pacific Subtropical High, a monsoon-front regulator. More robust tests are needed to confirm this phenomenon and to evaluate the contribution of different factors in detail. #------------------ # Authors: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G.J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018 # Published_Title: Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database # Journal_Name: Data Science Journal # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G., J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig, submitted. Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database. Data Science Journal. # Abstract: Progress in paleoclimatology increasingly occurs via data syntheses. We describe additions to a collection prepared for use in paleoclimate state estimation, specifically the Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR). The 2290 additional series include 2152 tree ring chronologies and 138 other series. They supplement the collection used previously and together form a database titled LMRdb 1.0.0. The additional data draws from lake core, ice core, coral, speleothem, and tree ring archives, using published data primarily from the NOAA Paleoclimatology archive and a set of tree ring width chronologies standardized from raw International Tree Ring Data Bank ring width series. In contrast to many previous paleo compilations, the data were not selected (screened) on the basis of their environmental correlation, multi-century length, or other attributes. The inclusion of proxies sensitive to moisture and other environmental variables expands their use in data assimilation. A preliminary calibration using linear regression with mean annual temperature reveals characteristics of the proxy series and their relationship to temperature, as well as the noise and error characteristics of the records. The additional records are structured as individual files in the NOAA Paleoclimatology format and archived at NOAA Paleoclimatology (Anderson et al. 2018) and will continue to be improved and expanded as part of the LMR Project. The additions represent a four-fold increase in the number of records available for assimilation, provide expanded geographic coverage, and add additional proxy variables. Applications include data assimilation, proxy system model development, and paleoclimate reconstruction using climate field reconstruction and other methods. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation of China # Grant: 40403001, 40531003 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Basic Research Program of China # Grant: 2004CB720206 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: U.S. National Science Foundation # Grant: 0502535 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Gary Comer Science and Education Foundation # Grant: CC8 #------------------ # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant:AGS-1304263 # Funding_Agency_Name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration # Grant:NA14OAR4310176 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Jiuxian Cave, China # Location: Asia>Eastern Asia>China # Country: China # Northernmost_Latitude: 33.5667 # Southernmost_Latitude: 33.5667 # Easternmost_Longitude: 109.1 # Westernmost_Longitude: 109.1 # Elevation: 1495 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: 10chin01a # Earliest_Year: 8614 # Most_Recent_Year: -48 # Time_Unit: yb_1950 # Core_Length: # Notes: {"database":"LMR"} #------------------ # Species # Species_Name: # Common_Name: #------------------ # Chronology: # # 230Th dating # 230Th dating results of two stalagmites from Jiuxian cave by ICP-MS. The error is 2sigma error. # Lambda230=9.1577 x 10-6 year-1, Lambda234=2.8263 x 10-6 year-1 (Cheng et al., 2000), Lambda238=1.55125 x 10-10 year-1 # (Jaffey et al., 1971). # Corrected 230Th ages assume the initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 4.4 +/-2.2x10-6. Those are the values # for a material at secular equilibrium, with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily # assumed to be 50%. # # Sample number Depth 238U 232Th d234U*a 230Th/238U Age(kaBP)*c Age(kaBP)*c d234U Initial*b # mm ppb ppt measured activity uncorrected corrected corrected # Stalagmite C996-1 # # C996-1-1 1 +/- 3 383.2 +/- 1.3 10,278 +/- 55 324 +/- 4 0.0101 +/- 0.0006 0.84 +/- 0.05 0.19 +/- 0.30 324 +/- 4 # C996-1-10A 3 +/- 5 330.0 +/- 0.9 6505 +/- 19 311 +/- 4 0.0079 +/- 0.0006 0.66 +/- 0.05 0.16 +/- 0.23 311 +/- 4 # MC-46 18 +/- 20 306.5 +/- 0.6 2340 +/- 15 328 +/- 2 0.0062 +/- 0.0003 0.51 +/- 0.02 0.29 +/- 0.09 328 +/- 2 # JA-10 39 +/- 41 380.3 +/- 0.5 690 +/- 6 318 +/- 2 0.0070 +/- 0.0001 0.58 +/- 0.01 0.48 +/- 0.02 318 +/- 2 # C996-1-9A 53 +/- 55 329.3 +/- 0.8 2124 +/- 11 304 +/- 3 0.0108 +/- 0.0004 0.91 +/- 0.03 0.71 +/- 0.08 304 +/- 3 # C996-1-2 56 +/- 58.5 325.9 +/- 1.2 8502 +/- 52 321 +/- 5 0.0151 +/- 0.0009 1.26 +/- 0.07 0.63 +/- 0.30 322 +/- 5 # C996-1-8A 71 +/- 73 269.8 +/- 0.6 2654 +/- 10 344 +/- 3 0.0184 +/- 0.0005 1.50 +/- 0.04 1.23 +/- 0.11 345 +/- 3 # JA-9 83 +/- 85 381.7 +/- 0.6 527 +/- 6 318 +/- 2 0.0177 +/- 0.0002 1.48 +/- 0.02 1.39 +/- 0.02 320 +/- 2 # C996-1-6A 105 +/- 106 279.0 +/- 0.6 10,754 +/- 31 380 +/- 4 0.0357 +/- 0.0012 2.85 +/- 0.10 1.98 +/- 0.42 382 +/- 4 # C996-1-5A 115 +/- 117 251.6 +/- 0.5 1458 +/- 8 319 +/- 3 0.0348 +/- 0.0006 2.92 +/- 0.05 2.73 +/- 0.08 321 +/- 3 # C996-1-3 117.5 +/- 119.5 256.3 +/- 0.8 9159 +/- 46 297 +/- 4 0.0442 +/- 0.0011 3.78 +/- 0.10 2.92 +/- 0.41 300 +/- 4 # C996-1-4 141 +/- 143 307.4 +/- 0.8 2399 +/- 25 331 +/- 3 0.0439 +/- 0.0006 3.65 +/- 0.05 3.43 +/- 0.10 335 +/- 3 # JA-8 160 +/- 162 391.3 +/- 0.6 791 +/- 5 333 +/- 2 0.0468 +/- 0.0003 3.90 +/- 0.03 3.80 +/- 0.04 336 +/- 2 # C996-1-5 187 +/- 189 312.3 +/- 0.7 2409 +/- 32 360 +/- 3 0.0516 +/- 0.0007 4.22 +/- 0.06 4.00 +/- 0.10 364 +/- 3 # C996-1-4A 201 +/- 203 257.9 +/- 0.7 31,487 +/- 145 309 +/- 4 0.0908 +/- 0.0030 7.83 +/- 0.27 5.04 +/- 1.41 314 +/- 5 # C996-1-6 216.5 +/- 218.5 211.6 +/- 0.6 9576 +/- 51 315 +/- 4 0.0755 +/- 0.0017 6.44 +/- 0.15 5.38 +/- 0.53 320 +/- 4 # C996-1-3A 219 +/- 221 209.8 +/- 0.5 4306 +/- 16 303 +/- 4 0.0655 +/- 0.0012 5.62 +/- 0.11 4.64 +/- 0.47 307 +/- 5 # JA-7 236 +/- 239 309.9 +/- 0.3 2530 +/- 8 290 +/- 1 0.0569 +/- 0.0005 4.92 +/- 0.04 4.68 +/- 0.10 294 +/- 1 # C996-1-7 253 +/- 255 189.6 +/- 0.5 3809 +/- 28 284 +/- 3 0.0728 +/- 0.0011 6.36 +/- 0.10 5.85 +/- 0.25 288 +/- 3 # C996-1-2A 277 +/- 279 177.7 +/- 0.4 5236 +/- 18 254 +/- 5 0.0725 +/- 0.0016 6.49 +/- 0.15 5.76 +/- 0.37 258 +/- 5 # C996-1-8 282.5 +/- 285 191.6 +/- 0.5 30,227 +/- 203 289 +/- 4 0.1180 +/- 0.0045 10.44 +/- 0.42 6.79 +/- 1.88 295 +/- 4 # C996-1-1A 299 +/- 301 208.6 +/- 1.0 15,265 +/- 41 370 +/- 9 0.0998 +/- 0.0020 8.23 +/- 0.18 6.62 +/- 0.80 377 +/- 10 # MC-45 313 +/- 315 325.4 +/- 0.6 246 +/- 13 323 +/- 2 0.0911 +/- 0.0008 7.76 +/- 0.07 7.69 +/- 0.07 330 +/- 2 # # *a d234U=([234U/238U]activity-1)x 1000. # *b d234Uinitial was calculated based on 230Th age (T), i.e., d234Uinitial=d234Umeasured x eLambda234 x T. # *c BP stands for Before Present where the Present is defined as the year 1950 AD. # # # # # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ##age age, , , years before 1950, , , , ,N ##d18O delta 18 Oxygen,,,permil VPDB,,Speleothems,,,N # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: NAN # age d18O -48 -7.87 -45 -8.03 -42 -8.02 -39 -8.3 -35 -8.33 -31 -8.39 -28 -8.24 -25 -7.99 -21 -8.03 -18 -7.95 -9 -7.54 -6 -8.34 -3 -8.42 -2 -8.62 0 -8.55 5 -8.5 8 -8.68 12 -8.38 15 -8.1 16 -8.51 18 -8.99 27 -9.59 30 -9.73 33 -9.16 37 -8.62 40 -9.05 44 -9.15 47 -9.41 51 -8.59 54 -8.65 58 -9 62 -9.95 65 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