# Bhutan 638 Year Tree-Ring Summer Temperature Reconstruction #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed # # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/f?p=519:1:::::P1_study_id:18319 # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24611 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/asia/bhutan/bhutan2015temp.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # -------------------- # Contribution_date # Date: 2015 # -------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Bhutan 638 Year Tree-Ring Summer Temperature Reconstruction # -------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Krusic, P.J.; Cook, E.R.; Dukpa, D.; Putnam, A.; Rupper, S.; Schaefer, J. # -------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: 638 year summer temperature reconstruction for the Bhutan Himalaya, based on Picea spinulosa tree-ring chronologies. # Tree-ring data are included in the International Tree-Ring Data Bank, Site Code BT021. # Calibration (CRSQ, CVRE) and verification (VRSQ, VRE, VCE, RMSE) statistics: # CRSQ=0.32, CVRE=0.28, VRSQ=0.245, VRE=0.11, VCE=0.107, RMSE=0.449 # # # -------------------- # Publication # Authors: Krusic, P.J., E.R. Cook, D. Dukpa, A. Putnam, S. Rupper, and J. Schaefer # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015-03-27 # Published_Title: 638 years of summer temperature variability over the Bhutanese Himalaya # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # DOI: 10.1002/2015GL063566 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: High-resolution tree-ring reconstructions from the Himalaya provide essential context for assessing impacts of future climate change on regional water reserves and downstream agriculture. Here we evaluate a small network of tree-ring chronologies from Bhutan to produce a 638-year summer temperature reconstruction, from 1376 - 2013 CE. Relative to the 1950 - 2013 CE average summer temperature three prominent cold periods stand out, 2 in the mid 15th century, and one in the late 17th century. The warmest period began in the first decade of the 21st century coinciding with the timing of general glacier recession in the eastern Himalaya that continues to the present. The Bhutan temperature reconstruction exhibits a significant correlation to known volcanic eruptions (p = 97%) and anomalously cold periods appear to align with solar irradiance minima in the 15th, late 17th and early 19th centuries, implying a link between solar variability and decadal-scale temperature variability. # -------------------- # Authors: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G.J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018 # Published_Title: Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database # Journal_Name: Data Science Journal # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G., J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig, submitted. Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database. Data Science Journal. # Abstract: Progress in paleoclimatology increasingly occurs via data syntheses. We describe additions to a collection prepared for use in paleoclimate state estimation, specifically the Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR). The 2290 additional series include 2152 tree ring chronologies and 138 other series. They supplement the collection used previously and together form a database titled LMRdb 1.0.0. The additional data draws from lake core, ice core, coral, speleothem, and tree ring archives, using published data primarily from the NOAA Paleoclimatology archive and a set of tree ring width chronologies standardized from raw International Tree Ring Data Bank ring width series. In contrast to many previous paleo compilations, the data were not selected (screened) on the basis of their environmental correlation, multi-century length, or other attributes. The inclusion of proxies sensitive to moisture and other environmental variables expands their use in data assimilation. A preliminary calibration using linear regression with mean annual temperature reveals characteristics of the proxy series and their relationship to temperature, as well as the noise and error characteristics of the records. The additional records are structured as individual files in the NOAA Paleoclimatology format and archived at NOAA Paleoclimatology (Anderson et al. 2018) and will continue to be improved and expanded as part of the LMR Project. The additions represent a four-fold increase in the number of records available for assimilation, provide expanded geographic coverage, and add additional proxy variables. Applications include data assimilation, proxy system model development, and paleoclimate reconstruction using climate field reconstruction and other methods. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: EAR-1304351 # -------------------- # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant:AGS-1304263 # Funding_Agency_Name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration # Grant:NA14OAR4310176 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Ura-Dhur Composite # Location: Asia>Southcentral Asia>Bhutan # Country: Bhutan # Northernmost_Latitude: 27.4223 # Southernmost_Latitude: 27.4223 # Easternmost_Longitude: 90.9675 # Westernmost_Longitude: 90.9675 # Elevation: 3268 m # -------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: 15Bhut01 # Earliest_Year: 1376 # Most_Recent_Year: 2013 # Time_Unit: y_ad # # -------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ##age age,,,years AD,,,,,N ##temp surface temperature, , , degrees C, June-August, Climate Reconstructions, , ,N # -------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing values: NAN # age temp 1376 10.815 1377 10.766 1378 10.641 1379 10.762 1380 10.939 1381 11.299 1382 11.04 1383 11.046 1384 11.1 1385 11.22 1386 10.567 1387 11.049 1388 11.819 1389 12.377 1390 11.898 1391 12.147 1392 11.966 1393 11.612 1394 10.596 1395 9.805 1396 10.581 1397 11.133 1398 10.755 1399 10.835 1400 10.856 1401 11.247 1402 10.922 1403 10.999 1404 10.834 1405 9.612 1406 9.337 1407 10.313 1408 10.343 1409 10.788 1410 10.684 1411 10.898 1412 10.931 1413 10.829 1414 11.387 1415 11.833 1416 12.035 1417 11.559 1418 10.984 1419 10.94 1420 10.976 1421 10.918 1422 10.657 1423 9.889 1424 10.392 1425 10.724 1426 9.982 1427 9.169 1428 9.681 1429 10.22 1430 10.186 1431 10.759 1432 8.681 1433 8.557 1434 8.421 1435 9.652 1436 9.878 1437 9.494 1438 10.165 1439 10.434 1440 10.639 1441 10.281 1442 10.287 1443 10.153 1444 9.789 1445 10.371 1446 10.642 1447 10.852 1448 10.555 1449 9.935 1450 10.253 1451 10.652 1452 10.195 1453 10.287 1454 10.558 1455 10.899 1456 11.162 1457 11.53 1458 11.44 1459 11.192 1460 11.343 1461 11.089 1462 11.239 1463 11.548 1464 11.546 1465 10.871 1466 10.13 1467 10.329 1468 10.174 1469 10.505 1470 10.189 1471 10.442 1472 10.787 1473 10.815 1474 10.401 1475 10.276 1476 10.33 1477 10.495 1478 10.394 1479 10.143 1480 10.299 1481 10.382 1482 10.414 1483 10.728 1484 10.428 1485 10.073 1486 9.399 1487 9.432 1488 9.692 1489 9.891 1490 9.795 1491 9.511 1492 9.422 1493 10.069 1494 9.914 1495 10.386 1496 10.647 1497 10.73 1498 10.637 1499 10.435 1500 10.342 1501 9.998 1502 10.014 1503 9.91 1504 9.463 1505 9.841 1506 9.75 1507 9.993 1508 10.204 1509 9.958 1510 9.711 1511 9.968 1512 9.997 1513 10.565 1514 10.262 1515 10.55 1516 10.317 1517 10.078 1518 9.74 1519 9.938 1520 10.171 1521 9.979 1522 9.917 1523 10.17 1524 10.351 1525 10.625 1526 10.496 1527 10.969 1528 10.772 1529 10.601 1530 10.588 1531 10.157 1532 10.077 1533 9.051 1534 9.724 1535 10.429 1536 11.593 1537 11.3 1538 11.121 1539 10.66 1540 10.785 1541 10.76 1542 10.661 1543 10.522 1544 10.356 1545 10.799 1546 11.132 1547 10.861 1548 10.333 1549 10.201 1550 9.618 1551 9.832 1552 9.827 1553 10.73 1554 10.493 1555 10.528 1556 10.653 1557 11.118 1558 11.012 1559 10.947 1560 10.747 1561 10.492 1562 10.261 1563 10.11 1564 10.829 1565 10.841 1566 11.108 1567 10.734 1568 10.736 1569 10.951 1570 10.489 1571 10.422 1572 9.9 1573 9.85 1574 10.149 1575 10.334 1576 11.165 1577 11.268 1578 10.854 1579 10.52 1580 10.432 1581 10.55 1582 11.003 1583 11.089 1584 10.8 1585 10.753 1586 10.742 1587 10.447 1588 10.194 1589 9.558 1590 10.06 1591 10.483 1592 10.553 1593 10.727 1594 10.751 1595 10.738 1596 10.287 1597 10.513 1598 10.861 1599 10.827 1600 10.422 1601 10.168 1602 10.233 1603 10.385 1604 10.279 1605 10.199 1606 10.243 1607 10.232 1608 10.153 1609 10.288 1610 10.499 1611 10.611 1612 10.403 1613 10.249 1614 10.414 1615 10.729 1616 10.541 1617 10.42 1618 10.864 1619 11.173 1620 11.11 1621 10.858 1622 10.576 1623 10.827 1624 10.921 1625 10.585 1626 10.346 1627 10.825 1628 10.594 1629 11.075 1630 10.772 1631 11.02 1632 10.685 1633 10.319 1634 10.309 1635 10.646 1636 10.563 1637 10.354 1638 10.827 1639 10.731 1640 9.945 1641 9.822 1642 10.577 1643 10.754 1644 10.779 1645 10.801 1646 10.706 1647 10.916 1648 10.151 1649 10.048 1650 10.126 1651 10.154 1652 10.255 1653 10.769 1654 11.538 1655 11.846 1656 11.884 1657 11.642 1658 11.555 1659 11.357 1660 11.061 1661 10.997 1662 11.157 1663 10.632 1664 10.577 1665 10.372 1666 11.05 1667 10.939 1668 10.771 1669 10.932 1670 10.754 1671 10.748 1672 10.57 1673 10.504 1674 11.042 1675 10.52 1676 10.511 1677 10.363 1678 10.409 1679 10.039 1680 10.406 1681 10.481 1682 10.418 1683 10.145 1684 9.964 1685 9.744 1686 10.076 1687 10.54 1688 10.6 1689 10.385 1690 9.998 1691 9.642 1692 9.362 1693 8.748 1694 9.203 1695 9.651 1696 9.803 1697 9.851 1698 9.542 1699 9.237 1700 9.397 1701 8.932 1702 9.287 1703 8.789 1704 9.205 1705 9.403 1706 9.875 1707 9.629 1708 9.684 1709 9.906 1710 10.269 1711 10.732 1712 10.856 1713 10.899 1714 10.807 1715 10.314 1716 10.392 1717 9.998 1718 10.143 1719 10.264 1720 10.665 1721 10.849 1722 10.447 1723 10.108 1724 9.91 1725 10.186 1726 10.1 1727 9.797 1728 10.774 1729 10.323 1730 10.515 1731 10.084 1732 10.188 1733 10.377 1734 10.833 1735 10.889 1736 10.951 1737 11.008 1738 10.932 1739 11.071 1740 10.775 1741 10.242 1742 10.345 1743 10.839 1744 10.856 1745 10.879 1746 10.94 1747 10.938 1748 11.084 1749 10.546 1750 10.199 1751 10.133 1752 10.374 1753 10.397 1754 10.348 1755 10.651 1756 10.853 1757 10.338 1758 10.312 1759 10.666 1760 10.804 1761 11.146 1762 10.989 1763 10.845 1764 10.645 1765 10.796 1766 10.34 1767 10.243 1768 10.219 1769 10.748 1770 10.335 1771 10.333 1772 10.421 1773 11.233 1774 10.994 1775 11.288 1776 11.47 1777 11.762 1778 11.69 1779 11.522 1780 11.091 1781 11.15 1782 11.015 1783 11.12 1784 10.319 1785 9.587 1786 10.45 1787 10.507 1788 10.62 1789 9.814 1790 9.924 1791 10.038 1792 10.745 1793 10.933 1794 10.914 1795 10.318 1796 10.833 1797 10.038 1798 10.662 1799 10.391 1800 10.973 1801 10.863 1802 10.956 1803 11.2 1804 10.772 1805 10.219 1806 10.024 1807 10.306 1808 10.429 1809 10.325 1810 10.666 1811 10.75 1812 10.782 1813 10.317 1814 10.401 1815 10.232 1816 10.015 1817 9.873 1818 9.92 1819 10.153 1820 10.57 1821 10.584 1822 10.211 1823 10.381 1824 10.537 1825 10.493 1826 10.558 1827 10.647 1828 10.857 1829 10.495 1830 10.647 1831 11.447 1832 11.322 1833 11.518 1834 11.114 1835 11.452 1836 11.203 1837 11.324 1838 11.414 1839 11.332 1840 10.934 1841 10.965 1842 10.692 1843 10.315 1844 10.597 1845 10.497 1846 10.686 1847 10.352 1848 10.641 1849 10.691 1850 11.227 1851 11.193 1852 11.398 1853 11.653 1854 10.987 1855 10.694 1856 10.66 1857 10.602 1858 10.612 1859 10.268 1860 10.385 1861 10.434 1862 10.262 1863 10.671 1864 10.221 1865 10.186 1866 9.94 1867 10.275 1868 9.905 1869 10.067 1870 10.345 1871 10.502 1872 10.369 1873 10.735 1874 10.28 1875 10.306 1876 10.672 1877 11.26 1878 10.807 1879 10.547 1880 9.983 1881 10.956 1882 10.952 1883 11.103 1884 10.343 1885 10.755 1886 10.469 1887 10.723 1888 11.176 1889 11.565 1890 11.358 1891 11.159 1892 10.5 1893 10.72 1894 10.273 1895 10.07 1896 10.741 1897 11.487 1898 11.251 1899 11.561 1900 11.266 1901 11.728 1902 11.339 1903 11.499 1904 10.818 1905 10.697 1906 10.154 1907 10.746 1908 10.941 1909 10.193 1910 9.81 1911 10.384 1912 10.416 1913 10.431 1914 10.645 1915 10.104 1916 10.164 1917 10.421 1918 10.643 1919 10.851 1920 11.136 1921 10.418 1922 10.314 1923 9.989 1924 10.461 1925 10.61 1926 10.383 1927 10.138 1928 10.302 1929 10.584 1930 10.669 1931 10.868 1932 10.632 1933 10.833 1934 10.449 1935 10.5 1936 10.437 1937 10.434 1938 10.46 1939 10.463 1940 10.601 1941 10.643 1942 10.654 1943 10.504 1944 11.026 1945 10.976 1946 11.056 1947 10.999 1948 10.555 1949 10.482 1950 10.668 1951 11.227 1952 10.809 1953 10.494 1954 10.576 1955 10.056 1956 10.307 1957 10.548 1958 10.427 1959 9.827 1960 10.103 1961 10.535 1962 10.393 1963 11.007 1964 10.77 1965 10.212 1966 9.613 1967 9.233 1968 10.033 1969 10.197 1970 10.437 1971 10.679 1972 10.87 1973 10.747 1974 10.857 1975 10.793 1976 10.415 1977 10.825 1978 11.059 1979 11.06 1980 10.55 1981 10.956 1982 10.653 1983 11.121 1984 10.232 1985 10.373 1986 10.928 1987 11.025 1988 11.027 1989 11.429 1990 11.193 1991 10.708 1992 10.102 1993 10.463 1994 11.087 1995 11.279 1996 10.855 1997 11.134 1998 11.725 1999 11.005 2000 10.731 2001 10.239 2002 10.394 2003 10.366 2004 10.041 2005 11.066 2006 10.914 2007 11.511 2008 11.191 2009 11.566 2010 11.422 2011 11.935 2012 12.164 2013 11.517