# Tuscan-Emilian Apennines July Temperature Reconstruction using Fossil Midge Assemblages covering the last 14,000 years #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21030 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/europe/samartin2017/samartin2017-gemini.txt # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Parameter_Keywords: air temperature #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-12-20 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Tuscan-Emilian Apennines July Temperature Reconstruction using Fossil Midge Assemblages covering the last 14,000 years #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Samartin, Stéphanie; Heiri, Oliver; Joos, Fortunat; Renssen, Hans; Franke, Jörg; Brönnimann, Stefan; Tinner, Willy #--------------------------------------- # Description and Notes # Description: Chironomid-inferred mean July air temperatures reconstructed for the study site based on the calibration data and transfer function described in Heiri et al. 2011 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.006. # Provided Keywords: Holocene, summer temperature, lake sediments, chironomids, Holocene thermal maximum, Italy, Mediterranean area #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Samartin, Stéphanie, Oliver Heiri, Fortunat Joos, Hans Renssen, Jörg Franke, Stefan Brönnimann, and Willy Tinner # Published_Date_or_Year: # Published_Title: Warm Mediterranean mid-Holocene summers inferred from fossil midge assemblages # Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1038/NGEO2891 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Understanding past climate trends is key for reliable projections of global warming and associated risks and hazards. Uncomfortably large discrepancies between vegetation-based summer temperature reconstructions, mainly based on pollen, and climate model results have been reported for the current interglacial, the Holocene. For the Mediterranean region these reconstructions indicate cooler-than-present mid-Holocene summers, in contrast with expectations based on climate models and long-term changes in summer insolation. We present new quantitative and replicated Holocene summer temperature reconstructions based on fossil chironomid midges from the northern central Mediterranean region. The Holocene thermal maximum is reconstructed 9000-5000 years ago and estimated to have been 1-2 °C warmer in mean July temperature than the recent preindustrial period, consistent with glacier and marine records, and with transient climate model runs. This combined evidence implies that widely used pollen-based summer temperature reconstructions in the Mediterranean area are significantly biased by precipitation or other forcings such as early land use. Our interpretation can resolve the previous discrepancy between climate models and quantitative palaeotemperature records for millennial-scale Holocene summer temperature trends in the Mediterranean region. It also suggests that pollen-based evidence for cool mid-Holocene summers in other semi-arid to arid regions of the Northern hemisphere may have to be re-considered, with potential implications for global-scale reconstructions. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) # Grant: PP00P2-114886, 200021_134616 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: European Research Council (ERC) # Grant: 239858 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Lago Gemini Inferiore # Location: Tuscan-Emilian Apennines # Country: Italy # Northernmost_Latitude: 44.39 # Southernmost_Latitude: 44.39 # Easternmost_Longitude: 10.05 # Westernmost_Longitude: 10.05 # Elevation: 1349 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Lago Gemini July T Samartin17 # First_Year: 14020 # Last_Year: -58 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: see publication for chronological data #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## depth_cm depth,,,cm,,,,,N ## age_calyrBP age,,,cal yr BP,,,,,N ## JulT air temperature,chironomid assemblage,,degrees C,Jul,Climate Reconstructions,,reconstruction predictor: chironomid assemblage, calibration data set: Heiri et al. 2011 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.006,N ## JulT-eSEP air temperature,chironomid assemblage,Sample-specific estimated standard error of prediction,degrees C,Jul,Climate Reconstructions,,reconstruction predictor: chironomid assemblage, calibration data set: Heiri et al. 2011 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.006,N ## JulTanom air temperature anomalies,chironomid assemblage,,degrees C,Jul,Climate Reconstructions,relative to mean 1850 AD to 2000 cal. yr BP,reconstruction predictor: chironomid assemblage, calibration data set: Heiri et al. 2011 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.006,N ## JulTanom.loess air temperature anomalies,chironomid assemblage,,degrees C,Jul,Climate Reconstructions,Loess smoother,reconstruction predictor: chironomid assemblage, calibration data set: Heiri et al. 2011 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.006,N #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: depth_cm age_calyrBP JulT JulT-eSEP JulTanom JulTanom.loess 0 -58 13.52407 1.552804 -0.2585 -0.4306214 15 47 12.98387 1.542006 -0.7987 -0.2049963 20 82 13.87091 1.561593 0.08834 -0.1379769 40 223 14.51071 1.559422 0.72814 0.12007228 50 293 13.8967 1.553957 0.11413 -0.0410598 60 363 13.61406 1.553106 -0.1685 -0.1901481 80 504 12.70101 1.543692 -1.0816 -0.1352236 100 644 14.43455 1.571069 0.65198 -0.2003172 120 785 13.2699 1.562536 -0.5127 0.0535308 140 925 14.69313 1.549268 0.91056 0.02096601 150 963 13.80366 1.546725 0.02109 -0.0300479 160 1043 13.35942 1.537346 -0.4232 -0.1246054 180 1202 13.11597 1.552623 -0.6666 -0.2244453 200 1356 13.74754 1.550573 -0.035 -0.2285808 220 1505 13.65508 1.552772 -0.1275 0.06882769 240 1647 14.23437 1.519354 0.4518 0.21003537 250 1714 14.34507 1.605368 0.5625 0.17861333 260 1779 13.97317 1.535426 0.1906 0.07338518 280 1901 13.16681 1.529984 -0.6158 -0.284104 300 2014 13.21648 1.541554 -0.5661 -0.5732922 320 2123 13.00452 1.523093 -0.7781 -0.4282288 340 2231 13.50254 1.545143 -0.28 -0.2193839 350 2285 14.15031 1.557492 0.36774 -0.0737604 360 2340 13.61018 1.550393 -0.1724 -0.0040479 380 2454 14.18065 1.579691 0.39807 -0.045404 400 2577 13.21384 1.546153 -0.5687 0.0309805 420 2711 14.03188 1.553657 0.24931 0.19209088 440 2859 14.98564 1.537992 1.20307 0.2851334 450 2940 13.53391 1.569686 -0.2487 0.28875842 460 3026 13.92525 1.54678 0.14267 0.28302035 480 3214 14.05526 1.586283 0.27269 0.54169189 500 3426 14.97406 1.525776 1.19149 0.71173886 520 3657 14.47608 1.564042 0.6935 0.67894201 540 3904 14.61824 1.549972 0.83567 0.35015925 550 4032 13.46685 1.52573 -0.3157 0.2072048 560 4162 13.49267 1.5349 -0.2899 0.21824092 580 4426 14.27049 1.570768 0.48792 0.35269963 600 4691 14.48888 1.534164 0.7063 0.66719852 620 4952 14.58323 1.536325 0.80066 0.74049864 640 5210 15.30139 1.579565 1.51882 0.66883321 650 5338 13.82499 1.544301 0.04242 0.61748919 660 5466 13.86246 1.537993 0.07989 0.64715549 680 5719 14.65162 1.558278 0.86905 0.58359419 700 5971 14.8678 1.542037 1.08523 0.64097986 720 6221 13.56586 1.529014 -0.2167 0.78487326 740 6471 15.50225 1.575084 1.71967 0.91150358 750 6596 14.04744 1.529172 0.26487 1.092159 760 6721 15.49054 1.540338 1.70797 1.19458991 780 6972 15.3907 1.617123 1.60813 1.18651388 800 7224 14.7766 1.542492 0.99403 1.06687548 820 7478 14.36657 1.527506 0.584 0.80927367 840 7735 14.40903 1.521072 0.62646 0.73082901 850 7864 14.46157 1.532154 0.679 0.72551077 860 7995 15.34573 1.541203 1.56315 0.72362282 870 8126 13.73425 1.523846 -0.0483 0.69803901 880 8258 14.51755 1.533761 0.73497 0.64328316 900 8525 14.47838 1.520307 0.69581 0.78080623 920 8795 14.99349 1.544912 1.21091 0.9061409 930 8931 14.55687 1.588668 0.7743 0.85155523 940 9067 14.63006 1.553981 0.84749 0.75256042 950 9204 14.90558 1.522609 1.12301 0.52915124 960 9340 13.37305 1.565729 -0.4095 0.44168903 980 9613 14.32927 1.558751 0.5467 0.19876815 990 9758 13.89683 1.553424 0.11426 0.11608489 1000 9920 13.6909 1.536203 -0.0917 0.05437538 1020 10334 13.67873 1.517685 -0.1038 -0.4039576 1040 10929 12.84221 1.518183 -0.9404 -1.4522332 1045 11114 11.16748 1.524907 -2.6151 -1.7415229 1054 11483 11.26315 1.601415 -2.5194 -2.2997639 1060 11756 11.69396 1.529627 -2.0886 -2.5824448 1064 11949 11.05596 1.544413 -2.7266 -2.8439369 1070 12255 9.73624 1.549538 -4.0463 -3.1900576 1072 12361 10.60822 1.547385 -3.1743 -3.2430122 1075 12524 10.21006 1.517989 -3.5725 -3.1650299 1080 12805 11.89528 1.517802 -1.8873 -3.3254413 1085 13097 9.690347 1.513015 -4.0922 -3.5962605 1090 13398 9.643751 1.509872 -4.1388 -3.9318039 1095 13706 8.436501 1.524361 -5.3461 -3.9066362 1100 14020 11.1282 1.516591 -2.6544 -3.7998885