# Tuscan-Emilian Apennines July Temperature Reconstruction using Fossil Midge Assemblages covering the last 14,000 years #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21030 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/europe/samartin2017/samartin2017-verdarolo.txt # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Parameter_Keywords: air temperature #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-12-20 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Tuscan-Emilian Apennines July Temperature Reconstruction using Fossil Midge Assemblages covering the last 14,000 years #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Samartin, Stéphanie; Heiri, Oliver; Joos, Fortunat; Renssen, Hans; Franke, Jörg; Brönnimann, Stefan; Tinner, Willy #--------------------------------------- # Description and Notes # Description: Chironomid-inferred mean July air temperatures reconstructed for the study site based on the calibration data and transfer function described in Heiri et al. 2011 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.006. # Provided Keywords: Holocene, summer temperature, lake sediments, chironomids, Holocene thermal maximum, Italy, Mediterranean area #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Samartin, Stéphanie, Oliver Heiri, Fortunat Joos, Hans Renssen, Jörg Franke, Stefan Brönnimann, and Willy Tinner # Published_Date_or_Year: # Published_Title: Warm Mediterranean mid-Holocene summers inferred from fossil midge assemblages # Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1038/NGEO2891 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Understanding past climate trends is key for reliable projections of global warming and associated risks and hazards. Uncomfortably large discrepancies between vegetation-based summer temperature reconstructions, mainly based on pollen, and climate model results have been reported for the current interglacial, the Holocene. For the Mediterranean region these reconstructions indicate cooler-than-present mid-Holocene summers, in contrast with expectations based on climate models and long-term changes in summer insolation. We present new quantitative and replicated Holocene summer temperature reconstructions based on fossil chironomid midges from the northern central Mediterranean region. The Holocene thermal maximum is reconstructed 9000-5000 years ago and estimated to have been 1-2 °C warmer in mean July temperature than the recent preindustrial period, consistent with glacier and marine records, and with transient climate model runs. This combined evidence implies that widely used pollen-based summer temperature reconstructions in the Mediterranean area are significantly biased by precipitation or other forcings such as early land use. Our interpretation can resolve the previous discrepancy between climate models and quantitative palaeotemperature records for millennial-scale Holocene summer temperature trends in the Mediterranean region. It also suggests that pollen-based evidence for cool mid-Holocene summers in other semi-arid to arid regions of the Northern hemisphere may have to be re-considered, with potential implications for global-scale reconstructions. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) # Grant: PP00P2-114886, 200021_134616 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: European Research Council (ERC) # Grant: 239858 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Lago Verdarolo # Location: Tuscan-Emilian Apennines # Country: Italy # Northernmost_Latitude: 44.36 # Southernmost_Latitude: 44.36 # Easternmost_Longitude: 10.12 # Westernmost_Longitude: 10.12 # Elevation: 1390 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Lago Verdarolo July T Samartin17 # First_Year: 13720 # Last_Year: -59 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: see publication for chronological data #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## depth_cm Depth from sediment-water interface,,,cm,,,,,N ## age_calyrBP Age,,,cal yr BP,,,,,N ## JulT air temperature,chironomid assemblage,,degrees C,Jul,Climate Reconstructions,,reconstruction predictor: chironomid assemblage, calibration data set: Heiri et al. 2011 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.006,N ## JulT-eSEP air temperature,chironomid assemblage,Sample-specific estimated standard error of prediction,degrees C,Jul,Climate Reconstructions,,reconstruction predictor: chironomid assemblage, calibration data set: Heiri et al. 2011 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.006,N ## JulTanom air temperature anomalies,chironomid assemblage,,degrees C,Jul,Climate Reconstructions,relative to mean 1850 AD to 2000 cal. yr BP,reconstruction predictor: chironomid assemblage, calibration data set: Heiri et al. 2011 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.006,N ## JulTanom.loess air temperature anomalies,chironomid assemblage,,degrees C,Jul,Climate Reconstructions,Loess smoother,reconstruction predictor: chironomid assemblage, calibration data set: Heiri et al. 2011 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.006,N #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: depth_cm age_calyrBP JulT JulT-eSEP JulTanom JulTanom.loess 0 -59 13.40086 1.522706 0.87288 1.050996 10 -40.7978 13.67454 1.55343 1.146556 0.89823 40 13.80899 12.85564 1.556044 0.327655 0.431371 64 57.49438 12.69762 1.596623 0.169642 -0.027834 80 86.61798 12.06663 1.588193 -0.46135 -0.094386 96 157 12.50165 1.596493 -0.02633 -0.222994 116 201 12.13174 1.548459 -0.39624 -0.261479 132 242 12.00232 1.578877 -0.52567 -0.024122 148 291 13.42675 1.53599 0.898767 0.236099 164 352 12.78777 1.538871 0.259789 0.554288 180 427 13.37684 1.548839 0.848855 0.6259 196 520 13.13673 1.537257 0.608749 0.334277 216 667 11.78238 1.543543 -0.74561 -0.102985 232 808 12.58204 1.569484 0.054054 -0.218365 248 965 12.4461 1.515597 -0.08188 0.079786 264 1135 12.90391 1.530931 0.375932 0.132543 280 1311 12.52427 1.53377 -0.00371 0.069763 296 1490 12.43084 1.549297 -0.09714 -0.37348 316 1726 11.35841 1.545537 -1.16957 -0.245433 340 2060 13.39906 1.529197 0.871075 0.424302 364 2437 13.84821 1.53872 1.320232 0.670969 380 2699 12.11348 1.56847 -0.4145 0.47594 396 2961 13.25783 1.542975 0.729847 0.244292 416 3286 12.71097 1.528011 0.182983 0.525139 432 3540 13.34535 1.519877 0.817369 0.55979 448 3792 13.14629 1.543581 0.618304 0.675686 464 4043 13.14739 1.550393 0.619406 0.281369 480 4296 12.14566 1.527598 -0.38232 0.195206 506 4717 12.95022 1.544734 0.422237 0.667936 532 5158 14.36233 1.554398 1.834349 1.404935 556 5588 14.37433 1.55559 1.846351 1.484071 588 6176 13.55513 1.532397 1.027143 1.628962 624 6853 14.74977 1.538444 2.221787 2.009789 656 7484 15.19632 1.548984 2.66834 2.116498 680 7986 13.93425 1.565624 1.406267 1.85104 696 8339 13.98068 1.528627 1.452696 1.700215 716 8807 14.7006 1.544733 2.172623 1.501116 740 9415 13.37006 1.627237 0.842074 1.402698 764 10161 13.9934 1.566038 1.465414 0.923216 780 10807 12.88724 1.532461 0.359253 0.379453 789 11233 11.9912 1.536606 -0.53679 -0.31658 796 11591 12.32085 1.557992 -0.20713 -1.311434 803 11969 8.755336 1.518055 -3.77265 -2.793115 807 12193 8.94703 1.518649 -3.58095 -3.906795 812 12478 7.971183 1.544659 -4.5568 -3.710492 817 12769 10.26652 1.523515 -2.26146 -3.426457 820 12946 8.713044 1.523522 -3.81494 -3.31053 825 13242 8.567064 1.52751 -3.96092 -4.108393 829 13481 7.940811 1.530474 -4.58717 -3.414086 833 13720 10.70062 1.511393 -1.82736 -2.45847