# Northern Hemisphere 1,500 Year Summer Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 2.0 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21090 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/guillet2017/readme-guillet2017nhtemp.txt # # Original_Source_URL: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Parameter_Keywords: air temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2017-02-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere 1,500 Year Summer Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Guillet, S.; Corona, C.; Stoffel, M.; Khodri, M.; Lavigne, F.; Ortega, P.; Eckert, N.; Dkengne Sielenou, P.; Daux, V.; Churakova (Sidorova), O.V.; Davi, N.; Edouard, J.-L.; Zhang, Y.; Luckman, B.H.; Myglan, V.S.; Guiot, J.; Beniston, M.; Masson-Delmotte, V.; Oppenheimer, C. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Multiproxy summer (June-August) gridded and Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstructions for the past 1,500 years. # Grape Harvest dates are in the file guillet2017ghd.txt. Historical data are in the file guillet2017s1hist.xlsx. # Hemisphere-wide reconstructed temperature is in the file guillet2017nhtemp.txt. Proxy data series are in the file guillet2017proxy.txt. # Gridded data are in netCDF format, in file guillet2017nhtempgrid.nc The data fields are as follows: # netcdf guillet2017nhtempgrid { # dimensions: # longitude = 360 ; # latitude = 180 ; # Years = 20 ; # statistics = UNLIMITED ; // (4 currently) # Cooling_persistence = 4 ; # variables: # double longitude(longitude) ; # longitude:units = "degrees_east" ; # longitude:long_name = "longitude" ; # double latitude(latitude) ; # latitude:units = "degrees_north" ; # latitude:long_name = "latitude" ; # double Years(Years) ; # Years:units = "age CE" ; # Years:long_name = "Years" ; # float JJA_temperature_anomaly(Years, latitude, longitude) ; # JJA_temperature_anomaly:units = "Celsius" ; # JJA_temperature_anomaly:_FillValue = NaNf ; # JJA_temperature_anomaly:long_name = "JJA surface temperature anomaly, w.r.t. 30-yr climatology, degrees Celsius" ; # int statistics(statistics) ; # statistics:units = "no_units" ; # statistics:long_name = "statistics" ; # float Calibration_validation_statistics(statistics, latitude, longitude) ; # Calibration_validation_statistics:units = "no unit" ; # Calibration_validation_statistics:_FillValue = NaNf ; # Calibration_validation_statistics:long_name = "Calibration_validation_statistics, r2b, RE, CE, R2" ; # double Cooling_persistence(Cooling_persistence) ; # Cooling_persistence:units = "Years" ; # Cooling_persistence:long_name = "Cooling_persistence" ; # float Summer_cooling_persistence(Cooling_persistence, latitude, longitude) ; # Summer_cooling_persistence:units = "years" ; # Summer_cooling_persistence:_FillValue = NaNf ; # Summer_cooling_persistence:long_name = "Persistence of the cooling after the largest eruptions of the last millennium" ; # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Sébastien Guillet, Christophe Corona, Markus Stoffel, Myriam Khodri, Franck Lavigne, Pablo Ortega, Nicolas Eckert, Pascal Dkengne Sielenou, Valérie Daux, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Nicole Davi, Jean-Louis Edouard, Yong Zhang, Brian H. Luckman, Vladimir S. Myglan, Joël Guiot, Martin Beniston, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Clive Oppenheimer # Published_Date_or_Year: 2017-02-01 # Published_Title: Climate response to the Samalas volcanic eruption in 1257 revealed by proxy records # Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience # Volume: 10 # Edition: # Issue: 2 # Pages: 123-128 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/NGEO2875 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The eruption of Samalas in Indonesia in 1257 ranks among the largest sulfur-rich eruptions of the Common Era with sulfur deposition in ice cores reaching twice the volume of the Tambora eruption in 1815. Sedimentological analyses of deposits confirm the exceptional size of the event, which had both an eruption magnitude and a volcanic explosivity index of 7. During the Samalas eruption, more than 40 km3 of dense magma was expelled and the eruption column is estimated to have reached altitudes of 43 km. However, the climatic response to the Samalas event is debated since climate model simulations generally predict a stronger and more prolonged surface air cooling of Northern Hemisphere summers than inferred from tree-ring-based temperature reconstructions. Here, we draw on historical archives, ice-core data and tree-ring records to reconstruct the spatial and temporal climate response to the Samalas eruption. We find that 1258 and 1259 experienced some of the coldest Northern Hemisphere summers of the past millennium. However, cooling across the Northern Hemisphere was spatially heterogeneous. Western Europe, Siberia and Japan experienced strong cooling, coinciding with warmer-than-average conditions over Alaska and northern Canada. We suggest that in North America, volcanic radiative forcing was modulated by a positive phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Contemporary records attest to severe famines in England and Japan, but these began prior to the eruption. We conclude that the Samalas eruption aggravated existing crises, but did not trigger the famines. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Swiss National Science Foundation Era.Net RUSplus project ELVECS # Grant: IZRPZ0_164735 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Northern Hemisphere # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 90.0 # Southernmost_Latitude: 0.0 # Easternmost_Longitude: 180.0 # Westernmost_Longitude: -180.0 # Elevation: m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Guillet2017NHtemp # Earliest_Year: 500 # Most_Recent_Year: 2000 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_AD age, , , AD, , , , ,N ## tempanom-JJA surface air temperature anomaly, , , degrees C, June-July-August,climate reconstructions, w.r.t 1960-1990, ,N ## tempanom-JJA- surface air temperature anomaly lower bound, , , degrees C, June-July-August,climate reconstructions, w.r.t 1960-1990, ,N ## tempanom-JJA+ surface air temperature anomaly upper bound, , , degrees C, June-July-August,climate reconstructions, w.r.t 1960-1990, ,N ## tempanom-JJA30 surface air temperature anomaly 30-year low pass filter, , , degrees C, June-July-August,climate reconstructions, w.r.t 1960-1990, ,N ## tempanom-JJAflt surface air temperature anomaly filtered, , , degrees C, June-July-August,climate reconstructions, w.r.t. 30-yr climatology, ,N ## tempanom-JJAflt- surface air temperature anomaly filtered lower bound, , , degrees C, June-July-August,climate reconstructions, w.r.t. 30-yr climatology, ,N ## tempanom-JJAflt+ surface air temperature anomaly filtered upper bound, , , degrees C, June-July-August,climate reconstructions, w.r.t. 30-yr climatology, ,N # #----------------