# SE Greenland Shelf 2900 Year Diatom SST and Sea Ice Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 2.0 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19682 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/miettinen2015/miettinen2015-ice.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Parameter_Keywords: sea surface temperature reconstruction, sea ice reconstruction #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-01-16 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: SE Greenland Shelf 2900 Year Diatom SST and Sea Ice Reconstruction #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Miettinen, A., Divine D., Husum, K., Koç, N., Jennings, A. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: A 2900-year-long diatom inferred August sea surface temperature reconstruction, at a temporal resolution of 3-8 years for 870-1910 CE and a at resolution of 40 years for 880 BCE-870 CE, # from marine sediment core MD99-2322 from the SE Greenland shelf. An improved training set consisting of 184 surface sediment samples with 52 diatom species from the North Atlantic, # the Labrador Sea, the Nordic Seas and Baffin Bay was utilized to convert downcore diatom counts to quantitative August SST using the weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS) transfer function method. # The 2900-year-long diatom inferred reconstruction of April sea ice concentrations was also generated from marine sediment core MD99-2322. The reconstruction has a temporal resolution of 3-8 years for 870-1910 CE and a resolution of 40 years for # 880 BCE-870 CE. The calibration set comprising 89 surface sediment samples from the northern North Atlantic, the Nordic Seas, Baffin Bay and northwestern Labrador Sea # was created for a reconstruction method. For calibration we used modern satellite-based sea-ice concentrations from the sampling locations and the weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS) transfer function method. # # Keywords: sea surface temperature, sea ice, abrupt climate change, SE Greenland shelf, Medieval Climate Anomaly, Little Ice Age, last millennium #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Miettinen, A., D. Divine D., K. Husum, N. Koç, and A. Jennings # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015 # Published_Title: Exceptional ocean surface conditions on the SE Greenland shelf during the Medieval Climate Anomaly # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography # Volume: 30 # Issue: # Pages: 1657-1674 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1002/2015PA002849 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Diatom inferred 2900-year-long records of August sea surface temperature (aSST) and April sea-ice concentration (aSIC) are generated from a marine sediment core from the SE Greenland shelf with a special focus # on the interval ca. 870–1910 Common Era (CE) reconstructed in subdecadal temporal resolution.The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) between 1000 and 1200 CE represents the warmest ocean surface conditions of the SE Greenland shelf # over the late Holocene (880 BCE–1910 CE). It was characterized by abrupt, decadal to multidecadal changes, such as an abrupt warming of ~2.4°C in 55 years around 1000 CE. Temperature changes of these magnitudes are rare on # the North Atlantic proxy data. Compared to regional air temperature reconstructions, our results indicate a lag of about 50 years in ocean surface warming either due to increased freshwater discharge from the Greenland ice sheet # or intensified sea-ice export from the Arctic as a response to atmospheric warming at the beginning of the MCA. A cool phase, from 1200–1890 CE, associated with the Little Ice Age (LIA), ends with the rapid warming of aSST and # diminished aSIC in the early 20th century.The results show that the periods of warm aSST and aSIC minima are coupled with the solar minima suggesting that solar forcing possibly amplified by atmospheric forcing have been behind # the variability of surface conditions on the SE Greenland over the last millennium. The results indicate that the SE Greenland shelf is a climatologically sensitive area where extremely rapid changes are possible and highlights # the importance of the area under the present warming conditions. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Research Council of Norway # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: University of Tromsø # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Norwegian Polar Institute # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: The Kone Foundation # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Kangerlussuaq trough # Location: North Atlantic Ocean # Northernmost_Latitude: 67.136333 # Southernmost_Latitude: 67.136333 # Easternmost_Longitude: -30.827833 # Westernmost_Longitude: -30.827833 # Elevation: -714 #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Kanger sea ice Miettinen15 # First_Year: -876 # Last_Year: 1910 # Time_Unit: years AD # Core_Length: # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: 1. AMS radiocarbon measurements for core MD99-2322, including depth-correlated dates from core MD99-2269 (via synchronication of paleomagnetic secular variations for the cores) # # Column 1: Core name # Column 2: Central depth, cm # Column 3: Laboratory number # Column 4: Material dated # Column 5: 14C age BP ± standard deviation # Column 6: Median Calibrated Calendar age, year C.E. # # Core Depth Lab no Material 14C age Age C.E. # 2322 34 AA40050 Colus turgidulus 693±38 1649 # 2322 101.5 AA49380 mixed forams 1267±44 1191 # 2322 154.5 Settlement tephra 870 # 2269 160 AA47785 Macoma sp. 1693±42 765 # 2269 187 AA57895 cf. Yoldia glacialis 1978±35 427 # 2269 227 AA54590 cf. Macoma balthica 2396±47 -30 # 2322 232.5 CURL-15479 Mixed benthic forams 2415±20 -85 # 2269 258 AA38586 Yoldia cf. myalis 2578±48 -326 # 2269 310 AA57896 Yoldia sp 3017±39 -828 # 2269 360 AA54592 Mixed benthic forams 3375±80 -1303 # 2322 368 AA49382 bivalve 3451±39 -1380 # 2269 415 AA57897b Arca glacialis 3840±33 -1822 # #---------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## age_AD age,,,calendar years AD,,,,,N ## SIC%-Apr sea ice concentration,,,percent,Apr,climate reconstructions,,,N #-------------------------------------------- # Data # Missing_Value: NA age_AD SIC%-Apr 1910 34.4 1906 44.1 1902 51.1 1898 37.7 1894 53.1 1890 58.2 1886 63.6 1882 53.1 1878 64.1 1874 64.1 1870 65.9 1866 72.8 1862 68.8 1859 66.5 1855 63.2 1851 69.9 1847 69.9 1843 58.6 1839 57.4 1835 41.0 1831 53.1 1827 56.0 1823 48.8 1819 45.7 1815 25.9 1811 28.3 1807 38.5 1803 21.6 1800 59.3 1796 23.0 1792 66.1 1788 52.3 1784 49.8 1780 43.6 1776 36.7 1772 44.9 1768 50.1 1764 41.5 1760 55.3 1756 61.8 1752 57.3 1748 62.8 1741 67.4 1733 51.1 1725 72.1 1717 46.0 1709 65.1 1701 37.2 1693 46.3 1686 46.2 1670 47.4 1662 39.8 1654 57.7 1640 53.9 1633 50.5 1626 48.7 1619 75.5 1613 66.9 1606 64.7 1599 73.1 1592 62.9 1586 65.0 1579 58.4 1572 58.2 1565 60.5 1559 63.2 1552 64.2 1545 63.5 1538 52.1 1532 72.9 1525 58.8 1518 64.2 1512 70.6 1505 43.5 1498 69.7 1491 41.2 1484 60.4 1478 60.5 1471 55.8 1464 67.0 1458 54.0 1451 50.3 1444 58.0 1437 54.1 1431 59.9 1424 53.8 1417 69.7 1410 40.1 1404 65.7 1397 72.0 1390 52.1 1383 66.2 1377 59.1 1370 57.6 1363 70.3 1356 49.3 1350 63.9 1343 53.0 1336 66.0 1329 50.1 1323 58.7 1316 54.5 1309 56.5 1302 46.5 1296 49.1 1289 37.3 1282 49.7 1275 41.1 1269 60.3 1262 64.1 1255 62.9 1249 60.9 1242 56.5 1235 49.3 1228 58.9 1222 60.6 1215 69.8 1208 56.7 1195 56.9 1188 37.8 1182 38.5 1176 20.9 1170 40.6 1164 26.7 1158 26.5 1152 30.4 1146 44.1 1140 33.8 1134 39.9 1128 36.1 1122 37.5 1116 39.5 1109 38.6 1097 44.0 1091 34.3 1085 38.8 1079 35.6 1073 60.7 1067 62.6 1061 46.4 1055 64.0 1049 31.7 1037 43.0 1031 34.5 1025 35.9 1019 32.2 1013 37.1 1006 43.4 1000 41.6 994 63.4 988 50.9 982 48.7 976 55.3 964 44.7 958 63.1 952 73.0 946 55.3 940 57.9 934 49.7 928 44.7 922 55.5 916 44.0 903 43.9 897 41.2 891 58.2 885 32.1 879 41.4 873 36.8 803 32.1 739 37.4 690 14.9 640 28.4 591 45.9 541 56.4 491 41.7 395 67.2 349 51.7 304 17.2 258 31.4 246 30.4 120 49.6 75 58.7 6 52.3 -144 53.8 -182 52.8 -219 51.1 -256 48.4 -293 49.9 -331 53.7 -370 64.6 -409 58.3 -448 34.6 -487 58.1 -526 25.2 -565 18.6 -604 37.2 -644 27.0 -683 37.2 -721 34.8 -761 56.6 -800 46.4 -839 16.0 -876 19.6