# WDC PALEO DATA SUBMISSION for PAGES 2k database # # Created 28 Feb 2013 by Raphi Neukom based on WDC template from 21 Dec 2012 using make_NOAA_files.r #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Original_Source_URL: # # Archive: Tree Ring #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-02-28 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Central Andes composite 19 Tree ring width #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Lara, A.; Neukom, R. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Uploaded by R. Neukom, data obtained from original authors. # These are not raw data but processed and truncated chronologies, representing a composite of two or more individual sites. Details see (Neukom and Gergis 2011, The Holocene, DOI: 10.1177/0959683611427335). For the raws contact the authors or/and check ITRDB. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Neukom, R.; Gergis, J. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2012 # Published_Title: Southern Hemisphere high-resolution palaeoclimate records of the last 2000 years # Journal_Name: The Holocene # Volume: 22 # Issue: 5 # Pages: 501-524 # DOI: 10.1177/0959683611427335 #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Lara, A.; Villalba, R.; Wolodarsky-Franke, A.; Aravena, J. C.; Luckman, B. H.; Cuq, E. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2005 # Published_Title: Spatial and temporal variation in Nothofagus pumilio growth at tree line along its latitudinal range (35 degrees 40 -55 degrees S) in the Chilean Andes # Journal_Name: Journal of Biogeography # Volume: 32 # Issue: 5 # Pages: 879-893 # Abstract: Aim To identify the dominant spatial and temporal patterns of Nothofagus pumilio radial growth over its entire latitudinal range in Chile, and to find how these patterns relate to temperature and precipitation variation from instrumental records. Location This study comprises 48 tree line or high elevation N. pumilio sites in the Chilean Andes between 35 degrees 36 and 55 degrees S. Nothofagus pumilio is a deciduous tree species that dominates the upper tree line of the Chilean and Argentinean Andes in this latitudinal range. Methods At each of the sampled sites, two cores from 15 to 40 living trees were collected using increment borers. Cores were processed, tree rings were measured and cross-dated, using standard dendrochronological procedures. Radii from nearby sites were grouped into 13 study regions. A composite tree-ring width chronology was developed for each region in order to capture and integrate the common growth patterns. For the identification of the dominant patterns of growth, as well as temperature and precipitation variation, we used principal components (PCs) analysis. Correlation analysis was used for the study of the relationship of N. pumilio tree-ring growth with temperature and precipitation records. Results Nothofagus pumilio tree line elevation is 1600 m in the northernmost region and gradually decreases to 400 m in the southernmost region. Despite local differences along the transect, the decrease in tree line elevation is fairly constant, averaging c. 60 m per degree of latitude (111 km). Tree growth at the northernmost regions shows a positive correlation with annual precipitation (PC1-prec) and negative correlation with mean annual temperature (PC2-temp), under a Mediterranean-type climate where water availability is a major limiting factor. Conversely, tree growth is positively correlated with mean annual temperature (PC1-temp) in the southern portion of the gradient, under a relatively cooler climate with little seasonality in precipitation. Main conclusions Our findings indicate that temperature has a spatially larger control of N. pumilio growth than precipitation, as indicated by a significant (P < 0.05) either positive or negative correlation of tree growth and PC1-temp and/or PC2-temp for nine of the 13 regional chronologies (69.2% of the total), whereas precipitation is significantly correlated with only two chronologies (15.4% of the total). Temporal patterns of N. pumilio tree growth reflected in PC1-growth for the period between 1778 and 1996 indicate an increasing trend with above the mean values after 1963, showing high loadings in the southern part of the gradient. This trend may be explained by a well-documented increase in temperature in southern Patagonia. Ongoing and future research on N. pumilio growth patterns and their relationship to climate covering the Chilean and Argentinean Andes will improve the understanding of long-term climate fluctuations of the last three to four centuries, and their relationship to global change at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Central Andes composite 19 # Location: South America>Argentina # Region: PAGES LOTRED SA # Country: Argentina # Northernmost_Latitude: -41.17 # Southernmost_Latitude: -41.17 # Easternmost_Longitude: -72.27 # Westernmost_Longitude: -72.27 # Elevation: 1225 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Tree ring width for PAGES LOTRED SA regional reconstructions # Earliest_Year: 1865 # Most_Recent_Year: 1998 # Time_Unit: AD # Notes: These are processed data. Years with less than 5 samples and EPS<0.85 are removed. Raw data can be obtained from original authors #-------------------- # Species # Species_Name: Nothofagus pumilio # Species_Code: NOPU #-------------------- # Chronology: #-------------------- # Variables # Short_name What,Material,Error,Units, Anomaly_period,Archive,Details,Method,Data_type ## age_AD age, , ,AD, ,tree rings, ,counting,N ## NOPU_Cluster_22_Data_20a_spline tree ring width,wood,,unitless,,tree ring,composite chronology,20 year spline,N ## NOPU_Cluster_22_Data_200a_spline tree ring width,wood,,unitless,,tree ring,composite chronology,200 year spline,N ## NOPU_Cluster_22_Data_NegExp tree ring width,wood,,unitless,,tree ring,composite chronology,negative exponential,N ## NOPU_Cluster_22_Data_RCS.10 tree ring width,wood,,unitless,,tree ring,composite chronology,RCS,N ## NOPU_Cluster_22_Data_Signalfree_2 tree ring width,wood,,unitless,,tree ring,composite chronology,signal free,N #-------------------- # Data: # Missing values: NA year NOPU_Cluster_22_Data_20a_spline NOPU_Cluster_22_Data_200a_spline NOPU_Cluster_22_Data_NegExp NOPU_Cluster_22_Data_RCS.10 NOPU_Cluster_22_Data_Signalfree_2 1865 0.04 -0.794 -0.748 -0.935 -1.252 1866 0.172 -0.602 -0.591 -0.887 -1.051 1867 1.575 0.425 0.429 -0.322 -0.023 1868 0.097 -0.598 -0.605 -0.89 -1.357 1869 -1.962 -2.056 -2.03 -1.597 -2.573 1870 -3.285 -2.816 -2.747 -1.965 -3.341 1871 1.319 0.688 0.565 -0.161 0.123 1872 -0.026 -0.16 -0.19 -0.609 -0.58 1873 -0.948 -0.78 -0.775 -0.877 -1.197 1874 0.675 0.692 0.65 -0.041 0.302 1875 1.703 1.981 1.878 0.662 1.778 1876 1.173 1.578 1.494 0.52 1.339 1877 0.737 1.203 1.116 0.233 0.891 1878 0.115 0.408 0.334 0.085 0.146 1879 0.737 1.021 0.898 0.204 0.599 1880 -1.676 -1.001 -1.033 -0.842 -1.444 1881 -0.586 -0.356 -0.465 -0.371 -0.754 1882 -1.072 -0.731 -0.761 -0.877 -1.197 1883 1.138 1.056 0.919 0.427 0.868 1884 0.913 0.72 0.616 0.22 0.544 1885 0.891 0.562 0.477 0.078 0.384 1886 -1.53 -1.407 -1.4 -1.113 -1.828 1887 -0.216 -0.58 -0.581 -0.529 -1.024 1888 -0.82 -0.976 -0.982 -0.748 -1.389 1889 -0.048 -0.318 -0.346 -0.296 -0.612 1890 -0.044 -0.335 -0.367 -0.248 -0.676 1891 1.015 0.355 0.29 0.246 0.155 1892 0.851 0.275 0.222 0.185 0.069 1893 -0.114 -0.672 -0.703 -0.335 -1.001 1894 -0.216 -0.609 -0.635 -0.367 -0.932 1895 -0.573 -0.836 -0.85 -0.432 -1.188 1896 -1.327 -1.383 -1.37 -0.706 -1.787 1897 0.525 -0.163 -0.186 0.314 -0.183 1898 -0.07 -0.318 -0.339 0.181 -0.443 1899 -0.185 -0.297 -0.312 0.136 -0.544 1900 -0.075 -0.135 -0.159 0.298 -0.256 1901 -0.454 -0.188 -0.224 0.395 -0.297 1902 0.278 0.471 0.388 0.843 0.521 1903 0.379 0.646 0.538 0.733 0.708 1904 0.516 0.727 0.64 1.037 0.8 1905 0.379 0.621 0.579 1.014 0.69 1906 1.367 1.459 1.341 1.754 1.645 1907 -0.489 -0.286 -0.339 0.307 -0.411 1908 -1.363 -1.05 -1.047 -0.351 -1.289 1909 -0.048 0.022 -0.04 0.704 -0.005 1910 -0.388 -0.279 -0.302 0.569 -0.329 1911 0.679 0.387 0.368 1.192 0.485 1912 -0.198 -0.17 -0.156 0.549 -0.219 1913 -0.86 -0.672 -0.68 0.159 -0.745 1914 1.235 1.038 0.98 1.618 1.216 1915 0.097 0.127 0.089 0.885 0.215 1916 -0.11 -0.072 -0.071 0.775 -0.101 1917 -0.092 -0.065 -0.105 0.682 -0.064 1918 -0.789 -0.682 -0.703 0.088 -0.795 1919 -0.079 -0.03 -0.05 0.646 0.037 1920 0.834 0.579 0.545 1.263 0.85 1921 0.141 0.008 -0.003 0.572 0.123 1922 -0.264 -0.339 -0.36 0.446 -0.265 1923 0.3 0.071 0.024 0.65 0.201 1924 -0.503 -0.507 -0.526 0.11 -0.53 1925 0.071 -0.125 -0.139 0.553 -0.009 1926 -0.556 -0.552 -0.571 0.162 -0.553 1927 -0.384 -0.447 -0.472 0.252 -0.457 1928 0.772 0.457 0.371 1.179 0.686 1929 0.221 0.068 0.038 0.743 0.256 1930 -1.076 -0.941 -0.958 -0.154 -1.06 1931 0.084 -0.062 -0.084 0.682 0.046 1932 0.97 0.579 0.518 1.476 0.882 1933 0.922 0.597 0.552 1.431 0.932 1934 0.027 -0.139 -0.163 0.788 0.014 1935 1.001 0.541 0.484 1.528 0.878 1936 -0.992 -0.983 -0.986 0.127 -1.056 1937 -0.203 -0.43 -0.452 0.688 -0.334 1938 -0.511 -0.616 -0.625 0.572 -0.59 1939 -0.895 -0.896 -0.907 0.359 -1.015 1940 0.9 0.45 0.402 1.657 0.695 1941 -0.6 -0.693 -0.71 0.478 -0.745 1942 -1.177 -0.994 -0.999 0.12 -1.083 1943 1.045 0.776 0.728 1.938 1.234 1944 0.34 0.254 0.208 1.398 0.507 1945 -0.26 -0.167 -0.186 1.027 0.041 1946 0.543 0.541 0.501 1.599 0.96 1947 -0.278 -0.044 -0.064 1.105 0.229 1948 0.94 0.961 0.912 2.08 1.508 1949 -0.282 -0.062 -0.081 1.072 0.192 1950 0.216 0.362 0.331 1.428 0.603 1951 -1.049 -0.714 -0.724 0.307 -0.786 1952 0.684 0.776 0.732 1.928 1.376 1953 -0.282 -0.051 -0.074 1.127 0.302 1954 -0.092 0.138 0.109 1.253 0.562 1955 -0.339 -0.027 -0.047 1.011 0.357 1956 -0.547 -0.174 -0.19 0.772 0.192 1957 0.895 1.095 1.048 2.231 1.819 1958 -0.044 0.296 0.266 1.495 0.8 1959 -0.494 -0.111 -0.125 1.008 0.279 1960 0.247 0.513 0.473 1.65 1.143 1961 0.375 0.723 0.674 1.909 1.44 1962 0.798 1.052 0.994 2.18 1.874 1963 0.035 0.352 0.31 1.431 0.946 1964 -0.904 -0.545 -0.567 0.591 -0.265 1965 1.063 1.035 0.973 1.98 1.883 1966 0.384 0.334 0.293 1.379 0.974 1967 -0.622 -0.559 -0.574 0.54 -0.224 1968 0.313 0.026 0.004 1.324 0.58 1969 -0.229 -0.517 -0.523 0.759 -0.16 1970 1.482 0.467 0.419 1.66 1.188 1971 -0.86 -1.201 -1.193 -0.012 -1.106 1972 -1.204 -1.457 -1.441 -0.28 -1.449 1973 0.132 -0.633 -0.642 0.627 -0.274 1974 -0.829 -1.267 -1.251 -0.083 -1.161 1975 -0.52 -1.096 -1.091 0.081 -0.978 1976 -0.705 -1.25 -1.251 -0.099 -1.088 1977 -0.388 -0.899 -0.914 0.269 -0.622 1978 0.207 -0.37 -0.397 0.675 0.114 1979 0.296 -0.135 -0.186 1.098 0.43 1980 0.525 0.194 0.164 1.44 0.992 1981 -0.207 -0.209 -0.244 0.943 0.393 1982 0.631 0.53 0.45 1.621 1.444 1983 -0.128 0.05 0.024 1.089 0.878 1984 0.851 0.94 0.902 2.06 2.212 1985 0.018 0.296 0.259 1.389 1.188 1986 0.19 0.439 0.368 1.505 1.385 1987 -0.326 0.054 0.021 1.092 0.873 1988 -0.247 0.124 0.086 1.182 1.019 1989 0.035 0.338 0.283 1.308 1.357 1990 0.102 0.373 0.29 1.324 1.44 1991 0.349 0.457 0.385 1.499 1.572 1992 -0.057 0.036 0.055 1.153 1.115 1993 0 0.05 -0.006 1.156 0.932 1994 -0.181 -0.213 -0.254 0.846 0.512 1995 -0.37 -0.416 -0.441 0.646 0.279 1996 0.181 -0.079 -0.146 0.937 0.658 1997 -0.264 -0.451 -0.503 0.579 0.178 1998 0.362 -0.391 -0.445 0.763 0.105