# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/hydroclimate/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: hydroclimate #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # depth (cm) age (BP) diatom (m) 346 0 2.28 348 3.58974 2.33 350 7.17948 2.32 352 10.76922 2.26 354 14.35896 2.05 356 17.9487 2.07 358 21.53844 2.14 360 25.12818 2.12 362 28.71792 1.96 364 32.30766 2.07 366 35.8974 2.05 368 39.48714 2.07 370 43.07688 1.71 372 46.66662 1.74 374 50.25636 1.72 376 53.8461 1.73 378 57.43584 1.85 380 61.02558 1.77 382 64.61532 1.88 384 68.20506 1.96 386 125.875 2.13 388 237.625 2.05 390 349.375 1.78 392 461.125 1.87 394 572.875 1.76 396 684.625 1.67 398 796.375 1.8 400 908.125 1.95 402 971.282051 1.94 404 985.846153 1.89 406 1000.410255 2.01 408 1014.974357 1.98 410 1029.538459 2.23 412 1044.102561 2.07 414 1058.666663 2.02 416 1073.230765 2.36 418 1087.794867 2.22 420 1102.358969 2.08 422 1116.923071 2.23 424 1131.487173 2.22 426 1146.051275 2.22 428 1160.615377 2.24 430 1175.179479 2.3 432 1189.743581 2.23 434 1204.307683 2.57 436 1218.871785 2.34 438 1233.435887 2.39 440 1248 2.45 442 1265.956 2.64 444 1283.912 2.46 446 1301.868 2.37 448 1319.824 2.61 450 1337.78 2.4 452 1355.736 2.31 454 1373.692 3.05 456 1391.648 3.01 458 1409.604 2.71 460 1427.56 2.56 462 1445.516 2.39 464 1463.472 2.67 466 1481.428 2.5 468 1499.384 2.46 470 1517.34 2.43 472 1535.296 2.15 474 1553.252 2.13 476 1571.208 2.13 478 1589.164 2.38 480 1607.12 2.43 482 1625.076 2.32 484 1643.032 2.61 486 1700.51428 2.94 488 1797.54284 3.35 490 1894.5714 3.45 492 1991.59996 3.32 494 2088.62852 3.41 496 2185.65708 2.89 498 2282.68564 3.07 500 2379.7142 3.15 502 2476.74276 2.85 504 2573.77132 3.16 506 2670.79988 3.46 508 2767.82844 3.71 510 2864.857 3.37 512 2961.88556 3.43 514 3058.91412 2.94 516 3155.94268 2.78 518 3252.97124 2.95 520 3355 3.35 522 3376.151514 3.11 524 3397.303028 3.26 526 3418.454542 3.32 528 3439.606056 3.34 530 3460.75757 3.31 532 3481.909084 3.34 534 3503.060598 3.07 536 3524.212112 3.45 538 3545.363626 3.42 540 3566.51514 3.13 542 3587.666654 2.98 544 3608.818168 2.73 546 3629.969682 3.1 548 3651.121196 3.28 550 3672.27271 3.56 552 3693.424224 3.5 554 3719.4468 3.52 556 3750.3404 3.34 558 3781.234 3.32 560 3812.1276 2.24 562 3843.0212 1.73 564 3873.9148 1.7 566 3904.8084 1.55 568 3935.702 1.53 570 3966.5956 1.67 572 3997.4892 1.91 574 4028.3828 2.19 576 4059.2764 1.75 578 4090.17 1.76 580 4121.0636 1.85 582 4151.9572 1.61 584 4182.8508 1.63 586 4213.7444 1.54 588 4244.638 1.44 590 4275.5316 1.25 592 4306.4252 1.36 594 4337.3188 1.4 596 4368.2124 1.6 598 4399.106 1.56 600 4430 1.82 602 4458.6666 1.71 604 4487.3332 1.98 606 4515.9998 1.95 608 4544.6664 2.02 610 4573.333 1.64 612 4601.9996 1.69 614 4630.6662 1.59 616 4659.3328 2.73 618 4687.9994 2.61 622 4745.3326 1.93 624 4773.9992 1.45 626 4802.6658 1.52 628 4831.3324 1.59 630 4859.999 1.66 632 4888.6656 1.46 634 4917.3322 1.54 636 4945.9988 1.52 638 4974.6654 1.55 640 5003.332 1.88 642 5031.9986 1.53 644 5060.6652 1.62 646 5089.3318 1.44 648 5117.9984 1.36 650 5146.665 1.43 652 5184.42987 1.59 654 5231.28961 1.6 656 5278.14935 1.43 658 5325.00909 2.56 660 5371.86883 3.22 662 5418.72857 3.18 664 5465.58831 3.47 666 5512.44805 3.7 668 5559.30779 3.51 670 5606.16753 2.78 672 5653.02727 2.96 674 5699.88701 3.42 676 5746.74675 2.85 678 5793.60649 2.13 680 5840.46623 2 682 5887.32597 1.74 684 5934.18571 1.63 686 5981.04545 1.68 688 6027.90519 1.15 690 6074.76493 1.05 692 6121.62467 1.06 694 6168.48441 1.2 696 6215.34415 1.21 698 6262.20389 NaN 700 6309.06363 NaN 702 6355.92337 1.5 704 6402.78311 NaN 706 6449.64285 1.87