# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/hydroclimate/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: hydroclimate #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Northern Hemisphere and Tropics # Location: Geographic Region>Northern Hemisphere # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 90 # Southernmost_Latitude: -10 # Easternmost_Longitude: 180 # Westernmost_Longitude: -180 # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Routson2019 # Earliest_Year: 9900 # Most_Recent_Year: 100 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # ## age_calBP age, , , calendar years before present, , , , ,N, ## temp temperature, , , degrees C, ,climate reconstructions,,,N, # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) pollen (precip mm/yr) 0 1164.745938 50 1120.681726 100 1075.049429 150 1065.53669 200 1087.648987 250 1218.569947 300 1221.115528 350 1223.66111 400 1226.206692 450 1221.382978 500 1209.756839 550 1198.130699 600 1186.50456 650 1155.774181 700 1119.010886 750 1082.24759 800 1074.801293 850 1084.434462 900 1072.69249 950 1043.861792 1000 1036.083646 1050 1051.152675 1100 1047.069174 1150 1014.660442 1200 1007.403024 1250 1051.853218 1300 1086.11913 1350 1090.007426 1400 1093.895722 1450 1077.172442 1500 1054.952951 1550 1046.05666 1600 1059.64837 1650 1073.240079 1700 1086.888201 1750 1100.539005 1800 1108.412557 1850 1111.308182 1900 1117.790721 1950 1150.647202 2000 1171.344394 2050 1190.853686 2100 1210.362978 2150 1229.87227 2200 1232.721627 2250 1232.390104 2300 1232.058582 2350 1231.727059 2400 1234.104284 2450 1238.878212 2500 1243.65214 2550 1248.426068 2600 1252.524602 2650 1254.24852 2700 1255.972439 2750 1257.696357 2800 1259.420276 2850 1215.080319 2900 1166.313318 2950 1117.546318 3000 1068.779317 3050 1057.547537 3100 1071.007362 3150 1095.031826 3200 1132.039796 3250 1169.047766 3300 1206.055735 3350 1194.373896 3400 1176.534514 3450 1162.89034 3500 1085.707948 3550 1087.361516 3600 1089.327102 3650 1076.061097 3700 1071.256138 3750 1085.622548 3800 1099.988959 3850 1097.643212 3900 1094.76993 3950 1071.20651 4000 1035.626718 4050 1007.193832 4100 995.7753174 4150 984.3568024 4200 973.9113397 4250 964.2047392 4300 954.4981387 4350 973.3746346 4400 1003.745287 4450 1034.115938 4500 1021.943761 4550 1002.730697 4600 983.6057519 4650 995.8640877 4700 1008.122424 4750 1021.170957 4800 1038.782933 4850 1056.394909 4900 1068.710843 4950 1068.210503 5000 1067.710163 5050 1086.99626 5100 1131.753096 5150 1156.677227 5200 1132.122714 5250 1141.355149 5300 1150.587585 5350 1155.966322 5400 1148.302505 5450 1140.638687 5500 1132.58586 5550 1115.331066 5600 1098.076272 5650 1080.821478 5700 1094.113449 5750 1112.667955 5800 1131.22246 5850 1090.719427 5900 1027.314563 5950 1051.605727 6000 1062.357659 6050 1058.324071 6100 1045.334203 6150 1040.1677 6200 1056.974318 6250 1073.780935 6300 1090.483701 6350 1106.281661 6400 1122.079622 6450 1137.877582 6500 1133.421923 6550 1120.029262 6600 1106.636602 6650 1093.381423 6700 1082.037052 6750 1070.692681 6800 1059.34831 6850 1060.632871 6900 1077.964549 6950 1075.586252 7000 1061.484569 7050 1080.203108 7100 1106.430386 7150 1112.102572 7200 1115.602263 7250 1109.654347 7300 1103.70643 7350 1097.758513 7400 1091.810597 7450 1085.86268 7500 1079.914763 7550 1073.966847 7600 1102.253213 7650 1129.039592 7700 1126.991303 7750 1122.979427 7800 1114.530921 7850 1106.082414 7900 1088.83166 7950 1060.785675 8000 1044.046952 8050 1033.100229 8100 1018.454809 8150 1003.273221 8200 988.0916329 8250 999.5455687 8300 1073.855446 8350 1082.914642 8400 1029.219763 8450 1048.778238 8500 1096.560288 8550 1114.863943 8600 1123.670772 8650 1089.152635 8700 1054.634499 8750 1020.116362 8800 1000.523347 8850 992.1734739 8900 983.8236007 8950 975.4737275 9000 983.2167271 9050 991.0472301 9100 998.8777332 9150 1001.036803 9200 995.3262362 9250 989.6156695 9300 943.8123027 9350 867.388337 9400 818.3235437 9450 830.4703991 9500 842.2379002 9550 846.9195008 9600 843.5534877 9650 798.0787015 9700 949.2808376 9750 999.7038438 9800 870.8965636 9850 783.0335395 9900 802.2660606 9950 820.7695802 10000 800.5880859 10050 780.4065917 10100 775.1065839 10150 796.4210803 10200 813.700364 10250 817.4582512 10300 883.6115253 10350 817.4429938 10400 804.7142857 10450 810.4115941 10500 816.849604 10550 818.3212303 10600 816.3793096 10650 808.1381026 10700 813.5316759 10750 811.3699743 10800 805.9867892 10850 804.3146603 10900 802.6630326 10950 801.4686548 11000 784.2255059