# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/hydroclimate/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: hydroclimate #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) stratigraphy (lake level cm) 250 0.862006672 300 2.417480383 350 7.882345758 400 -8.735901022 450 -26.4624618 500 -39.97365323 550 -36.89605421 600 -20.40944068 650 -3.61555578 700 14.10252266 750 15.76976769 800 9.112831896 850 -1.78764405 900 -0.41799272 950 5.140187732 1000 10.65693656 1050 16.10340336 1100 21.30810003 1150 26.32142356 1200 31.21992807 1250 36.0867308 1300 40.94968612 1350 41.53076902 1400 42.26504337 1450 49.38461942 1500 50.94552562 1550 57.15769743 1600 58.36645688 1650 69.12046038 1700 73.86564027 1750 78.60609805 1800 78.09986198 1850 75.40615367 1900 71.34249344 1950 68.55116797 2000 69.1556711 2050 69.76012539 2100 70.36309766 2150 70.97105925 2200 71.59230047 2250 72.23873047 2300 72.92635581 2350 73.6860036 2400 69.77177523 2450 65.9450109 2500 62.16235336 2550 63.16288617 2600 64.16827758 2650 65.12801414 2700 66.03880424 2750 62.3052868 2800 58.55899358 2850 50.382385 2900 46.59325719 2950 38.17892086 3000 33.64638533 3050 25.1743688 3100 21.32146456 3150 18.23659295 3200 19.53245049 3250 25.75262387 3300 31.87716302 3350 33.54779458 3400 30.4096977 3450 27.26361722 3500 28.49991031 3550 37.59170954 3600 46.02245147 3650 47.48437865 3700 41.13319927 3750 40.0987924 3800 65.68520616 3850 100.2463162 3900 130.1304286 3950 140.2862573 4000 143.9777798 4050 137.0709543 4100 127.8181565 4150 115.8668259 4200 114.2587289 4250 114.7124346 4300 115.0222315 4350 115.2992976 4400 115.5763433 4450 115.8534121 4500 116.1305695 4550 116.4077185 4600 119.0656139 4650 119.3426542 4700 119.619746 4750 117.5161649 4800 117.7940933 4850 118.0950721 4900 118.5910374 4950 119.2815027 5000 120.1436529 5050 121.0060016 5100 124.4849697 5150 130.930295 5200 134.4821319 5250 132.7273148 5300 127.970417 5350 128.7072636 5400 129.1924867 5450 129.5431532 5500 127.1273913 5550 127.4992065 5600 127.9618258 5650 128.6823436 5700 143.1454534 5750 157.9364308 5800 159.0938841 5850 177.62374 5900 195.8706168 5950 227.6304738 6000 228.4011387 6050 229.1780538 6100 229.9554865 6150 230.7324113 6200 231.509844 6250 232.2868253 6300 233.0642483 6350 233.841286 6400 234.6186526 6450 235.3957467 6500 236.1730568 6550 236.9502074 6600 237.7274611 6650 238.5046681 6700 239.2818654 6750 240.0591288 6800 240.8362696 6850 241.6135895 6900 242.3906739 6950 243.1680502 7000 243.9450781 7050 244.7225109 7100 245.4994824 7150 246.2769151 7200 247.0538302 7250 247.8312629 7300 248.6081781 7350 249.3856108 7400 250.1625259 7450 250.9399586 7500 251.7067964 7550 252.3252044 7600 252.7877303 7650 253.105054 7700 253.4154344 7750 253.7257715 7800 254.0359801 7850 254.3462186 7900 254.6565854 7950 254.9669659 8000 255.2773179 8050 255.5876699 8100 255.8980503 8150 256.2083946 8200 256.5186104 8250 256.8288417 8300 257.1392013 8350 257.4495818 8400 257.7599338 8450 258.0702857 8500 258.3806662 8550 258.6910182 8600 259.0013702 8650 259.3117506 8700 259.6221306 8750 259.9323821 8800 260.2425777 8850 260.5529016 8900 260.8632821 8950 261.1736408 9000 261.4839927 9050 261.7943732 9100 262.1047537 9150 262.4150124 9200 262.7252007 9250 263.0355175 9300 263.3487626 9350 263.6676769 9400 264.2183396 9450 265.0028216 9500 266.0190448 9550 267.0402197 9600 268.0619884 9650 269.083219 9700 270.1049041 9750 271.1266728 9800 272.1485307 9850 273.1702994 9900 274.1916778 9950 275.2132151 10000 276.2349838 10050 277.2564626 10100 278.2782313 10150 279.2997574 10200 280.3215262 10250 281.3431109 10300 282.3644418 10350 283.3862105 10400 284.4080685 10450 285.4298372 10500 286.4511665 10550 287.4724318 10600 288.4941237 10650 289.5160961 10700 290.5377827 10750 291.5596283 10800 292.5810918 10850 293.6028605 10900 294.6241469 10950 295.6457762 11000 296.6675449 11050 297.6891156 11100 298.7108844 11150 299.5754224 11200 300.186462 11250 300.4898066 11300 300.6426868 11350 300.7420509 11400 300.8414149 11450 300.940779 11500 301.0401431 11550 301.1395072 11600 301.2388712 11650 301.3382353 11700 301.4375994 11750 301.5369634 11800 301.6363275 11850 301.7356916 11900 301.8350556