# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/hydroclimate/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: hydroclimate #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # depth (cm) age (BP) Peat ash (percent) 2 70 38.13 3 90 34.79 4 120 30.38 5 140 33.09 6 160 34.49 7 190 32.8 8 210 28.85 9 230 27.76 10 260 23.08 11 280 21.98 12 300 23.02 13 330 24.21 14 350 25.19 15 380 26.89 16 400 31.07 17 420 33.61 18 450 35.88 19 470 36.37 20 490 35.91 21 520 31.06 22 540 28.34 23 560 26.8 24 590 24.46 25 610 24.05 26 630 25.53 27 660 27.27 28 680 29.31 29 700 33.67 30 730 35.44 31 750 35.67 32 770 34.19 33 800 32.75 34 820 29.68 35 840 27.25 36 870 25.07 37 890 25.2 38 910 22.9 39 940 21.22 40 960 21.13 41 980 21.93 42 1010 21.57 43 1030 23.43 44 1050 25.52 45 1080 26.5 46 1100 29.88 47 1130 32.26 48 1150 32.3 49 1170 31.06 50 1200 31.29 51 1220 29.71 52 1240 28.31 53 1270 27.44 54 1290 29.05 55 1310 29.45 56 1340 32.07 57 1360 36.56 58 1380 42.4 59 1410 45.29 60 1430 45.76 61 1450 44.43 62 1480 41.03 63 1500 37.69 64 1520 38.32 65 1550 37.2 66 1570 34.74 67 1590 35.66 68 1620 35.26 69 1640 29.9 70 1660 26.89 71 1690 26.52 72 1710 24.84 73 1730 24.23 74 1760 26.77 75 1780 29.53 76 1810 30.34 77 1830 30.56 78 1850 31.76 79 1880 31.95 80 1900 32.35 81 1920 33.77 82 1950 35.17 83 1970 37.64 84 1990 37.75 85 2020 38.9 86 2040 37.89 87 2060 36.1 88 2090 32.67 89 2110 30.91 90 2130 29.85 91 2160 28.62 92 2180 26.55 93 2200 24.14 94 2230 22.44 95 2250 20.73 96 2270 21.27 97 2300 21.96 98 2320 22.96 99 2340 24.85 100 2370 25.06 101 2390 24.04 102 2410 23.55 103 2440 22.08 104 2460 21.42 105 2480 21.21 106 2510 20.67 107 2530 19.51 108 2560 20.02 109 2580 19.62 110 2600 19.61 111 2630 20.62 112 2650 22.17 113 2670 24.46 114 2700 25.05 115 2720 26.83 116 2740 28.85 117 2770 30.18 118 2790 29.64 119 2810 29.94 120 2840 28.98 121 2860 28.29 122 2880 28.48 123 2910 27.21 124 2930 25.85 125 2950 24.45 126 2980 23.74 127 3000 22.42 128 3020 24.42 129 3050 22.79 130 3070 20.74 131 3090 16.71 132 3120 14 133 3140 10.97 134 3160 13.65 135 3190 17.76 136 3210 23.44 137 3230 27.14 138 3260 28.21 139 3280 27.34 140 3310 26.06 141 3330 23.99 142 3350 23.29 143 3370 23.22 144 3390 24.02 145 3400 27.03 146 3420 29.25 147 3440 29.78 148 3450 31.82 149 3470 33.57 150 3490 31.81 151 3500 29.29 152 3520 29.71 153 3530 27.9 154 3550 27.21 155 3570 25.69 156 3580 24.26 157 3600 21.12 158 3610 19.41 159 3630 17.03 160 3650 16.02 161 3660 16.7 162 3680 17.74 163 3690 20.9 164 3710 23.41 165 3730 25.36 166 3740 25.1 167 3760 24.52 168 3770 22.1 169 3790 19.12 170 3810 16.87 171 3820 15.35 172 3840 15.34 173 3860 15.42 174 3870 15.83 175 3890 15.3 176 3900 16.1 177 3920 16.39 178 3940 16.11 179 3950 14.98 180 3970 15.61 181 3980 16.14 182 4000 16.43 183 4020 17.22 184 4030 19.31 185 4050 21.07 186 4060 22.06 187 4080 22.09 188 4100 22.68 189 4110 21.37 190 4130 18.63 191 4150 16.18 192 4160 14 193 4180 10.76 194 4190 9.66 195 4210 10.18 196 4230 10.02 197 4240 11.51 198 4260 13.61 199 4270 14.29 200 4290 14.43 201 4310 15.29 202 4320 13.82 203 4340 12.86 204 4350 13 205 4370 13.63 206 4390 13.64 207 4400 13.27 208 4420 12.22 209 4440 11.76 210 4450 10.48 211 4470 10.29 212 4480 12.77 213 4500 14.61 214 4520 15.18 215 4530 14.84 216 4550 13.89 217 4560 13.57 218 4580 13.55 219 4600 12.92 220 4610 13.33 221 4630 15.1 222 4640 14.64 223 4660 15.95 224 4680 17.72 225 4690 18.35 226 4710 17.35 227 4720 17.27 228 4740 15.13 229 4760 14.22 230 4770 14.6 231 4790 14.38 232 4810 13.07 233 4820 12.5 234 4840 12.04 235 4850 12.25 236 4870 12.97 237 4890 13.42 238 4900 13.96 239 4920 13.81 240 4930 12.95 241 4950 13.67 242 4970 14.78 243 4980 15.42 244 5000 15.6 245 5010 16.52 246 5030 16.1 247 5050 16.76 248 5060 17.64 249 5080 18.74 250 5100 18.6 251 5110 18.93 252 5130 18.73 253 5140 18.5 254 5160 18.15 255 5180 18.19 256 5190 16.87 257 5210 14.96 258 5220 13.81 259 5240 12.83 260 5260 11.75 261 5270 11.38 262 5290 13.16 263 5300 13.56 264 5320 13.83 265 5340 14.72 266 5350 17.3 267 5370 16.23 268 5390 15.03 269 5400 14.17 270 5420 13.67 271 5430 14.09 272 5450 16.31 273 5470 18.03 274 5480 18.79 275 5500 18.11 276 5510 16.88 277 5530 16.05 278 5550 15.72 279 5560 17.67 280 5580 18.27 281 5590 16.93 282 5610 15.94 283 5630 15.94 284 5640 14.36 285 5660 15.55 286 5670 17.92 287 5690 19.7 288 5710 20.33 289 5720 21.63 290 5740 23.82 291 5760 25.13 292 5770 26.53 293 5790 28.9 294 5800 30.4 295 5820 30.39 296 5840 29.58 297 5850 29.92 298 5870 28.07 299 5880 26.21 300 5900 25.33 301 5920 25.77 302 5930 26.35 303 5950 28.01 304 5960 29.9 305 5980 31.12 306 6000 31.99 307 6010 31.09 308 6030 31.47 309 6050 31.38 310 6060 30.62 311 6080 31.56 312 6090 36.17 313 6110 39.04 314 6130 42.37 315 6140 43.02 316 6160 41.11 317 6170 36.7 318 6190 32.58 319 6210 28.49 320 6220 27.34 321 6240 26.65 322 6250 24.32 323 6270 23.37 324 6290 23.53 325 6300 23.89 326 6320 26.84 327 6340 28.66 328 6350 28.34 329 6370 27.46 330 6380 25.34 331 6400 20.64 332 6420 17.77 333 6430 19.35 334 6450 20.17 335 6460 22.1 336 6480 24.36 337 6500 25.87 338 6510 24.85 339 6530 24.34 340 6540 25.18 341 6560 28.28 342 6580 29.88 343 6590 30.52 344 6610 30.94 345 6620 30.38 346 6640 28.02 347 6660 27.32 348 6670 27.65 349 6690 28.19 350 6710 27.82 351 6720 27.17 352 6740 27.36 353 6750 27.16 354 6770 26.08 355 6790 25.98 356 6800 23.96 357 6820 21.34 358 6830 18.99 359 6850 17.23 360 6870 16.1 361 6880 16.77 362 6900 16.7 363 6910 17.16 364 6930 19.29 365 6950 20.41 366 6960 20.36 367 6980 21.17 368 7000 21.27 369 7010 19.49 370 7030 18.57 371 7040 17.88 372 7060 17.6 373 7080 18.51 374 7090 18.96 375 7110 17.59 376 7120 16.77 377 7140 16.54 378 7160 15.86 379 7170 17.91 380 7190 21.05 381 7200 23.08 382 7220 24.52 383 7240 25.5 384 7250 24.39 385 7270 22.85 386 7290 21.49 387 7300 19.52 388 7320 18.09 389 7330 16.6 390 7350 15.98 391 7370 17.35 392 7380 20.01 393 7400 19.56 394 7410 18.74 395 7430 16.89 396 7450 16.5 397 7460 17.15 398 7480 19.74 399 7490 21.86 400 7510 25.35 401 7530 24.93 402 7540 22.05 403 7560 20.57 404 7570 18.73 405 7590 16.18 406 7610 15.55 407 7620 15.56 408 7640 14.48 409 7660 15.96 410 7670 17.76 411 7690 19.56 412 7700 21.17 413 7720 24.25 414 7740 25.82 415 7750 25.26 416 7770 25.33 417 7780 24.53 418 7800 22.43 419 7820 21.47 420 7830 22.15 421 7850 23.67 422 7860 25.38 423 7880 25.69 424 7900 25.64 425 7910 26.08 426 7930 26.5 427 7950 27.22 428 7960 27.68 429 7980 27.83 430 7990 27.46 431 8010 25.07 432 8030 21.76 433 8040 20.94 434 8060 20.69 435 8070 19.06 436 8090 18.31 437 8110 18.37 438 8120 17.48 439 8140 16.33 440 8150 16.43 441 8170 16.67 442 8190 16.52 443 8200 17.29 444 8220 16.94 445 8240 16.59 446 8250 16.62 447 8270 16.98 448 8280 16.65 449 8300 16.67 450 8320 17.31 451 8330 17.15 452 8350 18.33 453 8360 19.37 454 8380 20.83 455 8400 22.17 456 8410 21.84 457 8430 20.16 458 8440 18.7 459 8460 17.1 460 8480 15.37 461 8490 14.81 462 8510 14.75 463 8520 14.65 464 8540 14.4 465 8560 13.82 466 8570 13.62 467 8590 13.55 468 8610 13.62 469 8620 13.38 470 8640 13.04 471 8650 13.92 472 8670 14.15 473 8690 14.75 474 8700 15.41 475 8720 16.64 476 8730 14.93 477 8750 14.3 478 8770 13.84 479 8780 14.2 480 8800 14.46 481 8810 16.96 482 8830 20.03 483 8850 20.66 484 8860 20.83 485 8880 20.08 486 8900 21.72 487 8910 19.91 488 8930 19.28 489 8940 18.62 490 8960 18.47 491 8980 15.17 492 8990 15.65 493 9010 16.56 494 9020 16.64 495 9040 16.9 496 9060 17.64 497 9070 17.15 498 9090 16.72 499 9100 17.9 500 9120 18.02 501 9140 18.04 502 9150 17.64 503 9170 16.73 504 9190 16.08 505 9200 15.35 506 9220 13.76 507 9230 13.86 508 9250 13.92 509 9270 12.26 510 9280 11.73 511 9300 11.6 512 9310 10.89 513 9330 11.44 514 9350 12.61 515 9360 14.04 516 9380 16.3 517 9390 16.21 518 9410 15.61 519 9430 14.95 520 9440 14.13 521 9460 13.91 522 9470 14.71 523 9490 14.82 524 9510 14.72 525 9520 15.64 526 9540 14.77 527 9560 15.43 528 9570 18.65 529 9590 22.08 530 9600 22.25 531 9620 22.3 532 9640 23.51 533 9650 21.43 534 9670 18.84 535 9680 18.88 536 9700 19.82 537 9720 18.43 538 9730 18.09 539 9750 17.56 540 9760 17.36 541 9780 19.43 542 9800 19.71 543 9810 20.48 544 9830 23.18 545 9850 23.47 546 9860 20.72 547 9880 19.96 548 9890 19.96 549 9910 18.55 550 9930 18.2 551 9940 18.38 552 9960 18.98 553 9970 19.03 554 9990 19.37 555 10010 19.86 556 10020 20.73 557 10040 22.06 558 10050 22.5 559 10070 22.23 560 10090 22.22 561 10100 21.23 562 10120 19.34 563 10140 18.11 564 10150 18.05 565 10170 18.03 566 10180 17.72 567 10200 17.33 568 10220 18.02 569 10230 18.25 570 10250 15.92 571 10260 14.71 572 10280 15.08 573 10300 14.99 574 10310 15.56 575 10330 18.34 576 10340 19.14 577 10360 18.34 578 10380 17.72 579 10390 15.61 580 10410 18.06 581 10420 19.96 582 10440 20.71 583 10460 20.39 584 10470 22.96 585 10490 20.09 586 10510 19.39 587 10520 19.32 588 10540 19.78 589 10550 18.86 590 10570 19.87 591 10590 20.46 592 10600 24.66 593 10620 25.77 594 10630 25.5 595 10650 25.24 596 10670 24.76 597 10680 21.67 598 10700 20 599 10710 19.45 600 10730 17.51 601 10750 18.45 602 10760 19.55 603 10780 21.65 604 10800 23.08 605 10810 25.61 606 10830 24.98 607 10840 23.82 608 10860 23.19 609 10880 23.22 610 10890 21.63 611 10910 21.85 612 10920 22.52 613 10940 23.63 614 10960 24.07 615 10970 30 616 10990 31.95 617 11000 31.75 618 11020 31.28 619 11040 31.16 620 11050 24.92 621 11070 22.82 622 11090 21.92 623 11100 20.11 624 11120 17.81 625 11130 18 626 11150 20.19 627 11170 22.95 628 11180 25.04 629 11200 26.57 630 11210 26.38 631 11230 24.64 632 11250 22.83 633 11260 21.91 634 11280 22.69 635 11290 24.72 636 11310 25.11 637 11330 25.07 638 11340 24.8 639 11360 23.54 640 11370 22.2 641 11390 21.1 642 11410 19.42 643 11420 20.23 644 11440 21.78 645 11460 21.82 646 11470 22.65 647 11490 25.37 648 11500 27.92 649 11520 20.91 650 11540 24.57