# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/hydroclimate/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: hydroclimate #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # depth (cm) age (BP) diatom (salinity mg/L) 0.5 -33 76.658 1.5 5 87.3845 2.5 41 83.0135 3.5 78 83.0513 4.5 115 77.3436 5.5 152 64.7379 6.5 191 72.9207 7.5 231 62.2531 8.5 270 74.4226 9.5 309 89.9338 10.5 347 81.7372 11.5 385 87.3034 12.5 423 84.9995 13.5 461 91.3565 14.5 499 86.4245 15.5 541 102.879 16.5 586 98.7551 17.5 632 112.651 18.5 677 111.071 19.5 722 104.819 20.5 765 122.206 21.5 808 106.459 22.5 850 111.664 23.5 893 96.3994 24.5 935 93.2321 25.5 974 98.1047 26.5 1010 95.9385 27.5 1046 102.792 28.5 1082 103.031 29.5 1117 99.5946 30.5 1147 101.54 31.5 1173 96.4132 32.5 1199 94.0299 33.5 1225 94.7975 34.5 1251 91.5677 35.5 1278 87.597 36.5 1305 90.5029 37.5 1333 87.9582 38.5 1360 97.1906 39.5 1387 92.6377 40.5 1414 85.0994 41.5 1439 95.4962 42.5 1464 102.443 43.5 1490 100.879 44.5 1515 106.07 45.5 1540 102.87 46.5 1566 94.2447 47.5 1593 100.514 48.5 1619 98.6022 49.5 1646 94.1831 50.5 1680 93.9185 51.5 1721 97.4919 52.5 1763 78.3265 53.5 1804 86.501 54.5 1845 95.0444 55.5 1886 106.267 56.5 1927 107.071 57.5 1969 117.962 58.5 2011 97.7652 59.5 2052 95.082 60.25 2084 103.949 61.25 2134 105.711 62.25 2183 110.358 63.25 2233 111.137 64.25 2282 101.961 65.25 2329 85.2773 66.25 2369 91.3629 67.25 2409 96.6615 68.25 2450 92.8876 69.25 2490 104.105 70.25 2533 102.466 71.25 2582 91.147 72.25 2631 81.4179 73.25 2680 86.1325 74.25 2729 91.5372 75.25 2770 87.9517 76.25 2786 88.4823 77.25 2801 97.7937 78.25 2817 94.1088 79.25 2833 86.2499 80.25 2847 98.8088 81.25 2859 120.244 82.25 2870 124.42 83.25 2881 110.187 84.25 2893 105.255 85.25 2904 94.9671 86.25 2916 88.6821 87.25 2928 102.993 88.25 2939 102.936 89.25 2951 94.8732 90.25 2963 108.035 91.25 2974 109.08 92.25 2985 105.086 93.25 2996 102.5 94.25 3007 119.092 95.25 3019 119.488 96.25 3033 108.813 97.25 3047 108.774 98.25 3061 109.924 99.25 3074 101.768 100.25 3090 109.773 101.25 3112 101.538 102.25 3133 98.3566 103.25 3155 88.8472 104.25 3176 89.6824 105.25 3197 88.2588 106.25 3219 117.852 107.25 3241 134.446 108.25 3262 128.325 109.25 3284 127.752 110.25 3305 121.515 111.25 3325 115.643 112.25 3345 110.825 113.25 3365 120.726 114.25 3385 145.168 115.25 3405 126.54 116.25 3426 144.023 117.25 3446 136.177 118.25 3467 129.29 119.25 3487 126.322 120.25 3507 123.444 121.25 3528 126.826 122.25 3549 134.37 123.25 3570 141.192 124.25 3591 137.041 125.25 3611 140.446 126.25 3631 112.366 127.25 3651 109.069 128.25 3672 106.987 129.25 3692 124.024 130.25 3712 116.078 131.25 3734 119.624 132.25 3755 113.252 133.25 3776 112.197 134.25 3797 114.099 135.25 3818 121.826 136.25 3839 125.791 137.25 3859 97.4527 138.25 3880 70.9004 139.25 3901 67.9128 140.25 3922 77.8383 141.25 3943 89.0575 142.25 3964 97.4595 143.25 3985 110.985 144.25 4007 121.483 145.25 4028 123.758 146.25 4049 121.282 147.25 4071 131.44 148.25 4092 119.541 149.25 4114 123.488 150.25 4136 115.01 151.25 4158 121.616 152.25 4179 119.711 153.25 4200 117.261 154.25 4221 127.145 155.25 4242 111.307 156.25 4263 126.801 157.25 4285 118.368 158.25 4306 144.316 159.25 4327 116.638 160.25 4347 122.564 161.25 4369 114.59 162.25 4390 129.324 163.25 4412 143.111 164.25 4433 115.302 165.25 4454 113.911 166.25 4475 137.963 167.25 4495 144.107 168.25 4516 141.673 169.25 4537 144.211 170.25 4557 127.838 171.25 4578 117.317 172.25 4598 118.052 173.25 4619 116.121 174.25 4640 123.293 175.25 4660 119.121 176.25 4680 105.37 177.25 4700 124.992 178.25 4721 129.585 179.25 4740 120.663 180.25 4760 132.71 181.25 4780 125.52 182.25 4800 114.422 183.25 4820 117.194 184.25 4840 116.395 185.25 4867 108.008 186.25 4914 107.976 187.25 4960 117.616 188.25 5006 111.973 189.25 5052 117.368 190.25 5098 105.581 191.25 5146 102.31 192.25 5194 112.716 193.25 5241 117.036 194.25 5289 123.488 195.25 5336 115.602 196.25 5383 114.847 197.25 5431 110.765 198.25 5478 115.268 199.25 5524 118.903 200.25 5571 119.185 201.25 5623 112.74 202.25 5674 119.382 203.25 5726 102.099 204.25 5777 91.8981 205.25 5827 105.287 206.25 5873 100.095 207.25 5920 108.966 208.25 5965 121.361 209.25 6011 109.414 210.25 6057 105.612 211.25 6102 111.681 212.25 6148 109.375 213.25 6193 102.836 214.25 6239 117.17 215.25 6285 114.825 216.25 6332 96.6006 217.25 6378 112.416 218.25 6424 118.374 219.25 6471 106.839 220.25 6517 116.457 221.25 6563 106.963 222.25 6610 103.667 223.25 6657 114.282 224.25 6704 98.593 225.25 6751 121.025 226.25 6799 107.655 227.25 6848 87.2755 228.25 6896 78.5458 229.25 6945 113.161 230.25 6994 120.229 231.25 7043 126.51 232.25 7092 112.955 233.25 7142 103.454 234.25 7192 99.7606 235.25 7241 113.453 236.25 7289 103.944 237.25 7336 116.27 238.25 7384 116.48 239.25 7432 123.39 240.25 7481 117.522 241.25 7531 118.803 242.25 7581 114.786 243.25 7631 111.472 244.25 7682 102.119 245.25 7732 124.096 246.25 7779 114.873 247.25 7827 87.1632 248.25 7875 83.8965 249.25 7924 75.2493 250.25 8006 97.5914 251.25 8185 78.2068 252.25 8362 102.147 253.25 8539 100.634 254.25 8714 157.635 255.25 8892 129.783