# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 
#       Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/hydroclimate/
#       Description: NOAA location of the template
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# Original_Source_URL:  
#       Description:
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Archive: Climate Reconstructions
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# Dataset DOI: 
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# Parameter_Keywords: hydroclimate
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2019-03-27
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#	Date: 2019-03-27
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# Title
#	Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions
#--------------------
# Investigators
#	Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T.
#--------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#	Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. 
#	Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1.  Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2.
#	
#	TableS1.xlsx contains: 
#	1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). 
#	2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab
#	3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite
#	4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. 
#	    Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. 
#	
#	TableS2.xlsx contains: 
#	1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). 
#	2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab
#	3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study.  Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. 
#	    Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. 
#	    Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr.
#	
#	Proxy Abreviations: 
#	nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR)
#	glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT)
#	long chain diol index (LDI)
#	magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca)
#	tree-ring width (TRW)
#	carbon 13 isotopes (d13C)
#	oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) 
#	loss on ignition (LOI)
#	strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca)
#	deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD)
#	records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) 
#
#-------------------- 
# Publication 
#	Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault 
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27      
#	Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene
#	Journal_Name: Nature
#	Volume: 
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 
#	Pages:
#	Report_Number: 
#	DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3
#	Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources.
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar 
#	Grant: BP 0544-13
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation 
#	Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund 
#	Grant: 
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program
#	Grant: 
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# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: 
#	Location: 
#	Country:  
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: 
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: 
# 	Elevation:  
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# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: 
#	Earliest_Year: 
#	Most_Recent_Year: 
#	Time_Unit: 
#	Core_Length: 
#	Notes: 
#------------------
# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
# 	
#----------------	
# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) 
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#
#----------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  
#
depth (cm)	age (BP)	varve thickness (mm)
0.0035	-52	0.06
0.013	-47	0.1
0.018	-44	0.7
0.033	-36	0.25
0.038	-36	NaN
0.104	-9	0.25
0.115	-4	0.1
0.151	9	NaN
0.162	14	0.5
0.175	22	0.6
0.209	27	NaN
0.236	40	0.1
0.256	53	0.1
0.277	68	0.35
0.326	100	0.3
0.331	103	0.1
0.375	132	NaN
0.392	136	0.1
0.41	148	0.1
0.432	159	0.2
0.443	166	0.1
0.458	177	0.4
0.476	188	0.1
0.537	221	0.5
0.542	223	NaN
0.558	233	0.3
0.571	242	0.2
0.702	322	NaN
0.7375	345	0.1
0.7395	347	0.1
0.743	350	0.1
0.781	370	0.08
0.789	374	0.1
0.822	388	0.15
0.868	415	NaN
0.892	433	0.35
0.91	445	0.15
0.923	453	0.2
0.94	461	0.2
0.942	462	0.09
0.943	463	0.1
0.945	464	0.25
0.948	465	NaN
0.953	466	NaN
0.954	467	0.08
0.955	468	0.25
0.9575	469	0.1
0.968	474	0.19
0.985	482	NaN
1.0195	497	0.11
1.029	504	0.3
1.03	505	0.14
1.069	526	0.1
1.1045	553	0.1
1.125	563	0.15
1.1295	566	0.35
1.133	570	NaN
1.152	580	0.55
1.163	588	0.25
1.165	590	0.1
1.18	599	0.1
1.228	626	0.09
1.2295	627	0.1
1.233	629	0.8
1.2395	632	0.11
1.241	633	0.09
1.243	635	0.19
1.245	636	0.08
1.273	649	0.1
1.274	650	0.29
1.345	688	0.4
1.418	741	0.35
1.435	751	0.15
1.482	782	0.2
1.489	786	0.08
1.492	788	0.1
1.51	800	0.35
1.52	804	0.09
1.5225	805	0.15
1.535	812	0.15
1.54	815	0.35
1.5435	817	0.4
1.5465	819	0.07
1.5475	820	0.2
1.5495	821	NaN
1.568	835	0.15
1.569	836	0.55
1.5935	855	1
1.621	876	0.4
1.623	877	0.35
1.624	878	0.1
1.625	879	0.15
1.649	898	NaN
1.673	914	NaN
1.7305	949	0.09
1.735	953	0.06
1.736	954	0.39
1.797	993	0.22
1.8315	1019	0.1
1.835	1021	0.08
1.836	1022	0.18
1.838	1024	0.08
1.874	1049	0.08
1.875	1050	0.07
1.891	1064	0.43
1.9	1074	0.15
1.9025	1075	0.49
1.965	1133	0.08
1.968	1134	0.1
1.973	1137	0.59
2.003	1155	NaN
2.02	1164	0.29
2.0265	1167	0.42
2.06	1185	0.08
2.0745	1196	0.14
2.0755	1197	0.3
2.079	1198	NaN
2.102	1218	0.14
2.115	1228	0.2
2.116	1229	0.59
2.119	1231	0.11
2.121	1233	0.21
2.123	1235	0.14
2.127	1239	0.24
2.13	1241	NaN
2.1345	1246	0.29
2.183	1285	0.09
2.218	1308	0.15
2.246	1330	0.08
2.2595	1333	NaN
2.29	1353	0.55
2.292	1354	0.15
2.295	1356	0.12
2.2955	1357	0.11
2.2975	1358	0.49
2.3	1359	0.9
2.301	1360	0.25
2.302	1361	0.49
2.32	1362	NaN
2.358	1386	0.22
2.362	1389	0.19
2.395	1412	0.29
2.397	1413	0.15
2.4	1416	NaN
2.4425	1444	0.12
2.458	1450	NaN
2.492	1475	0.14
2.493	1476	NaN
2.537	1499	0.22
2.539	1500	0.09
2.541	1501	0.08
2.543	1502	0.06
2.544	1503	0.16
2.547	1504	NaN
2.557	1511	0.08
2.6055	1543	0.21
2.6065	1544	0.35
2.6475	1569	0.2
2.697	1600	0.2
2.724	1616	0.39
2.7405	1625	0.24
2.805	1674	0.2
2.8063	1675	NaN
2.825	1691	0.24
2.845	1704	0.3
2.885	1733	0.09
3.2464	1972	0.14
3.3133	2026	0.14
3.315	2027	0.12
3.3167	2028	0.29
3.3183	2029	0.16
3.32	2030	0.06
3.3217	2031	0.27
3.3233	2032	NaN
3.3633	2060	0.33
3.365	2061	NaN
3.375	2066	0.39
3.407	2093	0.5
3.431	2112	0.2
3.455	2131	0.16
3.464	2138	0.1
3.527	2180	0.1
3.5295	2182	0.1
3.545	2191	0.16
3.594	2227	0.3
3.595	2228	0.5
3.722	2318	0.1
3.925	2448	0.82
3.95	2466	0.3
4.039	2527	0.22
4.04	2528	0.5
4.201	2647	1.4
4.338	2732	NaN
4.358	2747	0.2
4.379	2765	0.84
4.383	2768	1.6
4.385	2770	0.86
4.388	2772	0.82
4.395	2778	0.99
4.411	2780	NaN
4.432	2800	0.7
4.515	2864	0.28
4.684	2992	0.24
4.6913	2998	0.09
4.6938	3000	NaN
4.715	3014	0.12
4.73	3028	0.6
4.733	3031	0.12
4.845	3124	0.48
4.8963	3173	0.1
4.992	3258	0.2
4.9963	3262	0.1
5.0025	3267	0.22
5.008	3272	0.7
5.0161	3280	0.22
5.0217	3285	0.18
5.0228	3286	0.12
5.0239	3287	0.22
5.025	3288	NaN
5.058	3320	0.1
5.063	3325	0.5
5.1028	3365	0.1
5.1039	3366	0.34
5.105	3367	0.2
5.116	3368	0.2
5.117	3369	NaN
5.2445	3460	0.24
5.25	3465	0.44
5.252	3466	0.3
5.315	3522	0.18
5.323	3527	0.28
5.329	3532	0.12
5.335	3538	NaN
5.419	3614	2.2
5.535	3723	1
5.5435	3730	1
5.614	3782	0.05
5.648	3807	NaN
5.649	3808	NaN
5.665	3820	1.4
5.725	3870	0.25
5.795	3933	0.3
5.82	3956	NaN
5.874	4006	0.25
5.98	4104	1
6.025	4146	0.6
6.153	4291	0.15
6.188	4335	0.25
6.297	4471	0.22
6.302	4478	0.1
6.304	4480	0.2
6.313	4491	NaN
6.36	4550	0.3
6.417	4621	0.35
6.424	4630	0.2
6.441	4651	0.15
6.47	4684	0.15
6.49	4713	0.25
6.498	4723	NaN
6.534	4765	0.8
6.546	4780	0.05
6.607	4851	0.15
6.614	4860	NaN
6.628	4876	1.5
6.633	4894	0.9
6.644	4895	0.8
6.718	4982	0.9
6.756	5027	0.7
6.774	5048	0.7
6.775	5049	NaN
6.795	5072	0.9
6.816	5097	0.9
6.818	5099	0.5
6.82	5102	0.6
6.824	5106	NaN
6.965	5272	1
6.975	5284	0.4
7.025	5342	1.5
7.058	5378	0.9
7.06	5384	0.5
7.07	5395	0.9
7.078	5405	NaN
7.099	5430	0.8
7.17	5514	0.5
7.188	5535	1.3
7.24	5596	0.6
7.325	5696	0.4
7.334	5707	0.6
7.374	5754	0.9
7.395	5778	NaN
7.413	5799	0.7
7.425	5814	0.8
7.435	5825	0.3
7.508	5911	NaN
7.52	5925	1
7.555	5966	0.3
7.564	5977	0.9
7.68	6113	NaN
7.7	6137	1
7.705	6143	1
7.724	6161	0.4
7.78	6231	1.7
7.845	6307	0.3
7.905	6378	0.7
7.933	6411	NaN
7.94	6419	0.9
7.965	6449	0.9
7.97	6455	1
7.975	6461	1.1
8.113	6624	NaN
8.125	6639	0.9
8.167	6692	NaN
8.205	6739	0.4
8.235	6777	0.4
8.255	6802	0.8
8.473	7074	1.1
8.475	7077	0.3
8.49	7096	1.2