# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/hydroclimate/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: hydroclimate #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # depth (cm) age (BP) diatom (logSalinity) 12 76.28425723 3.08143 14 98.01027629 3.76964 16 119.697119 4.3621 18 141.3453144 3.82178 20 162.9553916 4.42178 22 184.5278797 4.42082 24 206.0633078 4.44669 28 249.0251003 3.85362 30 270.4525229 4.43817 32 291.8450018 4.3265 34 313.2030662 4.45122 36 334.5272451 4.27278 38 355.8180676 2.89533 40 377.0760628 3.3577 42 398.3017598 2.9959 44 419.4956877 3.54675 46 440.6583755 4.17081 48 461.7903524 3.35887 50 482.8921475 3.24107 52 503.9642898 4.3773 54 525.0073084 3.87531 56 546.0217325 4.39541 58 567.008091 3.97024 60 587.9669132 2.49416 62 608.898728 4.17827 64 629.8040647 4.05254 66 650.6834522 4.11781 68 671.5374196 3.4149 70 692.3664961 4.08117 72 713.1712107 4.02702 74 733.9520926 4.09642 76 754.7096708 4.147 78 775.4444743 4.05332 80 796.1570324 4.2574 82 816.8478741 4.08923 84 837.5175284 4.39605 86 858.1665245 3.53075 88 878.7953914 3.8015 90 899.4046583 4.39168 92 919.9948542 4.31871 94 940.5665083 4.42124 96 961.1201495 4.10624 100 991.9179948 4.23852 102 1002.17551 4.10028 104 1022.678287 4.20565 106 1043.165168 2.71988 108 1063.636682 3.73782 110 1084.093357 4.07265 112 1104.535724 4.15105 114 1124.96431 3.6837 116 1145.379645 3.77555 118 1165.782258 4.10782 120 1186.172679 4.10438 122 1206.551436 3.67519 124 1226.919058 4.29021 126 1247.276074 4.39604 128 1267.623015 4.51714 130 1287.960407 3.44764 132 1308.288782 4.42059 134 1328.608667 3.85617 136 1348.920593 3.88793 138 1369.225087 3.80045 140 1389.522679 4.26253 142 1409.813899 4.40802 144 1430.099275 3.22273 146 1450.379336 3.08809 148 1470.654611 3.97021 150 1490.925631 3.79422 152 1511.192923 4.51475 154 1531.457016 4.53564 156 1551.71844 4.44754 158 1571.977725 4.12034 160 1592.235398 4.1127 162 1612.491989 4.42783 164 1632.748028 4.46018 166 1653.004042 4.45075 168 1673.260563 4.09793 170 1693.518117 4.02777 172 1713.777235 4.41268 174 1734.038446 4.12227 176 1754.302278 4.47012 178 1774.569261 4.55241 180 1794.839924 4.47525 182 1815.114796 4.32626 184 1835.394406 4.49175 186 1855.679284 3.94239 188 1875.969957 4.22238 190 1896.266956 3.21464 192 1916.570809 4.33851 194 1936.882046 4.64184 196 1957.201195 4.53478 198 1977.528786 4.57591 200 1997.865348 4.44251 202 2018.21141 4.37558 204 2038.567501 4.52269 206 2058.934149 4.47834 208 2079.311885 4.43899 210 2099.701237 4.40124 212 2120.102735 4.45525 214 2140.516907 4.21141 216 2160.944282 4.5408 218 2181.38539 4.43025 220 2201.840759 4.57599 222 2222.31092 4.33799 224 2242.7964 4.39397 226 2263.297729 4.5445 228 2283.815436 4.55449 230 2304.35005 4.55855 232 2324.902101 4.63668 234 2345.472117 4.48465 236 2366.060627 4.60419 238 2386.668161 4.40491 240 2407.295247 4.56538 242 2427.942415 4.57105 244 2448.610193 4.44339 246 2469.299112 4.53655 248 2490.009699 4.32865 250 2510.742485 4.52593 252 2531.497998 4.49364 254 2552.276766 4.54996 256 2573.07932 4.45617 258 2593.906189 4.42799 260 2614.757901 4.36152 262 2635.634985 4.38121 264 2656.537971 4.51547 266 2677.467388 4.49471 268 2698.423765 4.56284 270 2719.40763 4.4602 272 2740.419514 4.49809 274 2761.459945 4.5202 276 2782.529452 4.41835 278 2803.628564 4.30754 280 2824.75781 4.39005 282 2845.91772 4.53155 284 2867.108823 4.36949 286 2888.331647 4.34185 288 2909.586722 4.35151 290 2930.874577 4.58033 292 2952.19574 4.44843 294 2973.550742 4.36695 296 2994.940111 4.49661 298 3016.364375 4.18502 300 3037.824066 4.56418 301 3059.31971 4.39988 303 3070.08118 4.5266 305 3080.851838 4.40687 307 3102.420978 4.32721 309 3124.02766 4.58955 311 3145.672413 4.44963 313 3167.355766 4.25145 315 3189.078247 4.32148 317 3210.840387 4.35668 319 3232.642713 4.20931 321 3254.485756 4.39764 323 3276.370044 4.54041 325 3298.296106 4.57627 327 3320.264471 4.62738 329 3342.27567 4.38442 331 3364.330229 4.56287 333 3386.42868 4.62281 335 3408.57155 4.49549 337 3430.759369 4.45072 339 3452.992666 4.47339 341 3475.271971 4.50896 343 3497.597811 4.50105 345 3519.970716 4.5147 347 3542.391216 4.51921 349 3564.859839 4.27314 351 3587.377115 4.43054 353 3609.943573 4.25669 355 3632.559741 3.93365 357 3655.226148 4.18748 359 3677.943325 4.28604 361 3700.7118 4.39135 363 3723.532101 4.34608 365 3746.404759 4.10706 367 3769.330302 3.84281 369 3792.309259 3.44656 371 3815.34216 4.23083 373 3838.429533 4.35041 375 3861.571908 4.52223 377 3884.769813 4.59175 379 3908.023778 4.2554 381 3931.334332 4.5022 383 3954.702004 4.50197 385 3978.127323 4.48254 387 4001.610818 4.52934 389 4025.153019 4.13266 391 4048.754453 4.39221 393 4072.415651 4.22112 395 4096.137142 4.43946 397 4119.919454 4.16485 400 4143.763116 4.13066 402 4167.668659 4.60949 404 4191.63661 4.50887 406 4215.667499 4.60876 408 4239.761855 4.65298 410 4263.920208 4.56676 412 4288.143085 4.46443 414 4312.431017 4.29162 416 4336.784532 4.45645 418 4361.204159 4.61147 420 4385.690428 4.48946 422 4410.243868 4.61951 424 4434.865008 4.5129 426 4459.554376 4.54661 428 4484.312502 4.55594 430 4509.139915 4.50158 432 4534.037144 4.62793 434 4559.004719 4.30385 436 4584.043168 4.48316 438 4609.15302 4.38079 440 4634.334804 4.63863 442 4659.58905 4.65098 444 4684.916287 4.48822 446 4710.317043 4.60778 448 4735.791848 4.54743 450 4761.341231 4.61958 452 4786.965721 4.61325 454 4812.665848 4.31693 456 4838.442139 3.86898 458 4864.295124 3.81998 460 4890.225333 3.93542 462 4916.233294 3.75553 464 4942.319537 4.52084 466 4968.484591 4.36709 468 4994.728984 3.89858 470 5021.053246 4.03223 472 5047.457905 4.23621 474 5073.943492 4.63429 476 5100.510535 4.56177 478 5127.159563 4.40956 480 5153.891105 4.48378 482 5180.70569 4.34284 484 5207.603848 4.46526 486 5234.586108 4.23102 488 5261.652998 4.3198 490 5288.805048 4.35501 492 5316.042786 4.32972 494 5343.366742 3.50852 496 5370.777446 3.79802 500 5398.275425 4.30073 502 5425.861209 4.10397 504 5453.535328 3.77384 506 5481.29831 3.86233 508 5509.150684 4.35046 510 5537.09298 3.69553 512 5565.125727 4.33879 514 5593.249453 4.31824 516 5621.464688 3.16967 518 5649.77196 4.39854 520 5678.1718 3.96533 522 5706.664736 4.09878 524 5735.251297 4.19472 526 5763.932012 4.47203 528 5792.70741 4.49371 530 5821.578021 4.62251 532 5850.544373 4.55782 534 5879.606996 4.64785 536 5908.766418 4.62392 538 5938.023169 4.56722 540 5967.377778 4.57959 542 5996.830774 4.45206 544 6026.382686 4.52456 546 6056.034043 4.53118 548 6085.785374 4.60078 550 6115.637208 4.42069 552 6145.590075 4.53099 554 6175.644504 4.51089 556 6205.801023 4.50479 558 6236.060161 4.48111 560 6266.422448 4.54567 562 6296.888413 4.57966 564 6327.458585 4.16778 566 6358.133493 4.56597 568 6388.913666 4.59719 570 6419.799633 4.48114 572 6450.791924 4.53833 574 6481.891067 4.62737 576 6513.097591 4.63194 578 6544.412026 4.31336 580 6575.8349 4.61308 582 6607.366744 4.5446 584 6639.008085 4.63873 586 6670.759452 4.64983 588 6702.621376 4.42846 590 6734.594385 4.52351 592 6766.679008 4.31719 594 6798.875775 4.29517 596 6831.185213 4.00447 598 6863.607853 4.29782 600 6896.144224 4.08669