# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/hydroclimate/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: hydroclimate #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) stratigraphy (lake level cm) 50 4.279292587 100 6.360468508 150 6.771864729 200 4.968277459 250 1.571432535 300 -3.723704184 350 -5.151728499 400 -6.693582577 450 -8.325321618 500 -9.866842109 550 -5.415043387 600 -0.884022944 650 3.915748519 700 2.482960523 750 3.097412167 800 -0.487071502 850 0.209438244 900 5.882610561 950 6.49080835 1000 9.403609262 1050 6.132751383 1100 11.46153667 1150 11.47982093 1200 17.48946671 1250 20.12710954 1300 26.94609259 1350 29.5271896 1400 29.73106336 1450 26.13434817 1500 18.07001836 1550 11.78670543 1600 10.9674062 1650 17.54880671 1700 27.24958521 1750 32.55900309 1800 34.97481744 1850 28.7469475 1900 28.92935846 1950 26.72379281 2000 35.05229824 2050 33.87625547 2100 39.10037421 2150 43.62653711 2200 49.92259195 2250 51.72405943 2300 52.79863204 2350 53.67821083 2400 54.44869267 2450 55.18518295 2500 53.03586969 2550 54.72221436 2600 54.53235523 2650 55.35462972 2700 50.67947265 2750 44.36998954 2800 46.71600248 2850 53.77720492 2900 62.24218427 2950 63.64607663 3000 61.98439054 3050 61.47795729 3100 62.12104977 3150 50.37847258 3200 38.72533209 3250 27.01451737 3300 33.63682444 3350 43.45655228 3400 54.58475713 3450 52.19226752 3500 44.13889784 3550 41.25321345 3600 44.93072561 3650 54.92936151 3700 41.83525549 3750 47.04551207 3800 51.02233148 3850 71.68156004 3900 66.73960308 3950 62.34084961 4000 62.98192196 4050 71.93260629 4100 74.09628183 4150 76.3089759 4200 74.06019631 4250 69.94275095 4300 49.9409569 4350 34.91058096 4400 44.15705531 4450 64.15930647 4500 76.28171486 4550 77.07749413 4600 78.22597038 4650 90.72774544 4700 87.05093895 4750 83.04571217 4800 75.01177763 4850 64.87587958 4900 59.83917628 4950 53.53609622 5000 63.11147563 5050 65.91896368 5100 69.95044303 5150 67.09782543 5200 67.00042378 5250 52.22995314 5300 32.5962889 5350 18.99278619 5400 36.85357683 5450 59.67109138 5500 71.83277562 5550 74.74292431 5600 79.39207881 5650 93.6605348 5700 100.6146103 5750 99.67380919 5800 88.71921302 5850 77.88116473 5900 80.64325031 5950 79.72833791 6000 86.4117646 6050 93.7284423 6100 100.467305 6150 93.40658602 6200 81.95739621 6250 84.92866868 6300 96.04035517 6350 94.81193348 6400 89.48413691 6450 77.79888292 6500 78.56850917 6550 77.29347599 6600 75.92262864 6650 74.62066052 6700 71.08139627 6750 71.83736378 6800 70.40089953 6850 71.17806052 6900 67.39706888 6950 63.58838898 7000 59.73461968 7050 55.77836713 7100 61.10455887 7150 59.45487258 7200 60.05834171 7250 65.78727776 7300 83.42336492 7350 98.81524464 7400 100.050058 7450 93.93713132 7500 102.2875178 7550 110.4099725 7600 121.0525911 7650 127.45763 7700 113.3234539 7750 91.47947359 7800 58.89054553 7850 51.90128713 7900 42.14292755 7950 47.90855774 8000 48.5691691 8050 56.83419301 8100 54.65269869 8150 44.45360768 8200 58.09652036 8250 66.57262126 8300 93.95934059 8350 103.2548661 8400 118.4441969 8450 128.088843 8500 121.2005233 8550 116.9775392 8600 121.863629 8650 138.1019768 8700 142.3389725 8750 144.4970919 8800 131.7909626 8850 142.071501 8900 155.6973675 8950 180.4921416 9000 210.6940438 9050 225.2958827 9100 245.855467 9150 246.8243749 9200 248.0955881 9250 249.9137982 9300 252.3601795 9350 244.9147586 9400 237.5872935 9450 240.7212 9500 254.1754342 9550 267.7548316 9600 271.0181913 9650 274.2725688 9700 277.3008688 9750 279.7509977 9800 281.6045985 9850 283.3872814 9900 255.6858066 9950 231.9190725 10000 234.879235 10050 267.7338185 10100 296.5986415 10150 298.1452002 10200 298.8544776 10250 299.2759926 10300 299.6195262 10350 299.9766597 10400 300.3622511 10450 300.7796161 10500 301.2081925 10550 301.6445575 10600 302.0882046 10650 302.535319 10700 302.9903362 10750 303.4506198 10800 303.9179005 10850 304.3874645 10900 304.8621146 10950 305.3413858 11000 305.8242913 11050 294.4145195 11100 290.9003377 11150 287.4176499 11200 295.8612923 11250 300.3445937 11300 304.7999628 11350 285.2450633 11400 285.743353 11450 282.4776161 11500 303.2271225 11550 300.014351 11600 300.5917718 11650 292.7149574 11700 293.2918426 11750 285.3277152 11800 297.9015974 11850 301.9937918 11900 311.0803912