# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/hydroclimate/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: hydroclimate #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) d18O (permil) 108 30.33 116 30.4 124 30.14 132 30.25 140 30.35 148 30.39 156 30.12 164 30.2 172 30.22 180 30.18 188 30.46 196 30.51 204 30.41 212 30.43 220 30.38 228 30.24 236 30.21 244 30.25 252 30.31 260 30.39 268 30.48 276 30.45 284 30.43 292 30.45 300 30.49 308 30.59 316 30.66 324 30.5 332 30.22 340 30.29 348 30.61 356 30.53 364 30.48 372 30.48 380 30.45 388 30.6 396 30.67 404 30.62 412 30.32 420 30.3 428 30.27 436 30.15 444 30.3 452 30.5 460 30.54 468 30.71 476 30.7 484 30.55 492 30.56 500 30.78 508 30.84 516 30.79 524 30.83 532 30.68 540 30.56 548 30.49 556 30.56 564 30.72 572 30.72 580 30.79 588 30.76 596 30.86 604 30.94 612 30.99 620 30.88 628 30.91 636 30.79 644 30.64 652 30.59 660 30.65 668 30.14 676 30.46 684 30.53 692 30.5 700 30.31 708 30.34 716 30.48 724 30.58 732 30.61 740 30.57 748 30.71 756 30.87 764 30.55 772 30.61 780 30.75 788 30.55 796 30.47 804 30.66 812 30.82 820 30.75 828 30.44 836 30.12 844 30.33 852 30.39 860 30.23 868 30.17 876 30.11 884 29.97 892 30.03 900 29.76 908 30.17 916 30.03 924 29.96 932 29.82 940 30.08 948 30.27 956 30.07 964 30.15 972 30.1 980 30.22 988 30.08 996 30.11 1004 30.13 1012 30.2 1020 30.47 1028 30.76 1036 30.78 1044 30.82 1052 30.7 1060 30.5 1068 30.56 1076 30.34 1084 30.51 1092 30.17 1100 30.38 1108 30.32 1116 30.43 1124 30.64 1132 30.33 1140 30.4 1148 30.46 1156 30.5 1164 30.4 1172 30.5 1180 30.83 1188 30.67 1196 30.7 1204 30.48 1212 30.75 1220 30.81 1228 30.67 1236 30.87 1244 30.81 1252 30.95 1260 30.91 1268 30.98 1276 30.75 1284 30.44 1292 30.73 1300 30.5 1308 30.81 1316 30.9 1324 31.01 1332 30.55 1340 30.6 1348 30.83 1356 30.46 1364 30.63 1372 30.56 1380 30.21 1388 30.29 1396 30.17 1404 30.47 1412 30.19 1420 30.62 1428 30.35 1436 30.38 1444 30.32 1452 30.21 1460 30.31 1468 30.24 1476 30.55 1484 30.72 1492 30.58 1500 30.56 1508 30.41 1516 30.55 1524 30.56 1532 30.37 1540 30.46 1548 30.5 1556 30.46 1564 30.65 1572 30.56 1580 30.16 1588 30.14 1596 30.37 1604 30.67 1612 29.93 1620 30.36 1628 30.35 1636 29.98 1644 30.06 1652 30.25 1660 30.3 1668 30.19 1676 30.19 1684 30.57 1692 30.61 1700 30.54 1708 30.56 1716 30.37 1724 30.37 1732 30.33 1740 30.24 1748 30.35 1756 30.14 1764 30.51 1772 30.64 1780 30.29 1788 30.28 1796 30.16 1804 30.22 1812 30.17 1820 30.71 1828 30.69 1836 30.52 1844 30.68 1852 30.62 1860 30.66 1868 30.58 1876 30.75 1884 30.86 1892 30.81 1900 30.7 1908 30.82 1916 30.5 1924 30.45 1932 30.45 1940 30.62 1948 30.4 1956 30.08 1964 30.37 1972 29.99 1980 30.23 1988 30.14 1996 30.24 2004 30.45 2012 30.92 2020 30.62 2028 30.62 2036 30.57 2044 30.17 2052 30.07 2060 29.86 2068 30.27 2076 29.94 2084 30.46 2092 30.44 2100 30.3 2108 30.21 2116 30.24 2124 30.19 2132 30.5 2140 30.46 2148 30.38 2156 30.48 2164 30.47 2172 30.52 2180 30.58 2188 30.36 2196 30.44 2204 30.64 2212 30.48 2220 30.37 2228 30.07 2236 29.79 2244 30.37 2252 30.17 2260 30.26 2268 30.28 2276 30.07 2284 30.21 2292 30.09 2300 30.1 2308 30.34 2316 30.32 2324 30.14 2332 30.56 2340 30.6 2348 30.27 2356 30.45 2364 30.09 2372 30.15 2380 30.18 2388 29.78 2396 29.51 2404 30.16 2412 29.86 2420 30.16 2428 30.17 2436 30.12 2444 30.07 2452 29.94 2460 30.37 2468 29.98 2476 29.95 2484 29.5 2492 29.12 2500 29.37 2508 29.18 2516 30.02 2524 30.31 2532 30.13 2540 30.29 2548 30.28 2556 30.05 2564 30.13 2572 30.04 2580 30.36 2588 30.3 2596 30.2 2604 30.07 2612 30.42 2620 30.08 2628 30.23 2636 30.16 2644 30.65 2652 30.57 2660 30.33 2668 30.09 2676 30.26 2684 29.92 2692 30.2 2700 30.13 2708 29.72 2716 29.78 2724 29.29 2732 29.2 2740 29.3 2748 29.51 2756 29.9 2764 29.94 2772 30.13 2780 30.13 2788 30.08 2796 30.44 3429.60995 28.792 3438.048826 29.61 3446.483138 28.832 3454.912886 28.749 3463.33807 28.301 3471.75869 28.25 3480.174746 28.096 3488.586238 28.295 3496.993166 28.151 3505.39553 28.243 3513.79333 28.464 3522.186566 28.511 3530.575238 29.061 3538.959346 29.016 3547.33889 29.102 3555.71387 29.24 3564.084286 29.263 3572.450138 29.039 3580.811426 29.518 3589.16815 29.318 3597.52031 29.488 3605.867906 29.323 3614.210938 29.377 3622.549406 29.397 3630.88331 29.291 3639.21265 29.092 3647.537426 29.201 3655.857638 29.184 3664.173286 29.453 3672.48437 29.333 3680.79089 28.892 3689.092846 28.905 3697.390238 28.765 3705.683066 29.018 3713.97133 28.799 3722.25503 28.933 3730.534166 28.898 3738.808738 28.846 3747.078746 28.694 3755.34419 28.714 3763.60507 28.85 3771.861386 28.487 3780.113138 28.548 3788.360326 28.316 3796.60295 28.354 3804.84101 28.339 3813.074506 28.24 3821.303438 28.444 3829.527806 28.668 3837.74761 28.732 3845.96285 28.48 3854.173526 28.555 3862.379638 28.755 3870.581186 28.897 3878.77817 28.893 3886.97059 28.924 3895.158446 29.023 3903.341738 28.818 3911.520466 28.795 3919.69463 29 3927.86423 28.782 3936.029266 28.629 3944.189738 28.616 3952.345646 28.53 3960.49699 28.429 3968.64377 28.757 3976.785986 28.822 3984.923638 28.888 3993.056726 28.808 4001.18525 29.095 4009.30921 29.173 4017.428606 28.728 4025.543438 28.672 4033.653706 28.96 4041.75941 29.173 4049.86055 29.335 4057.957126 29.321 4066.049138 28.948 4074.136586 29.018 4082.21947 28.853 4090.29779 28.767 4098.371546 28.793 4106.440738 28.904 4114.505366 29.012 4122.56543 29.222 4130.62093 28.948 4138.671866 29.266 4146.718238 29.05 4154.760046 29.414 4162.79729 29.315 4170.82997 28.719 4178.858086 29.066 4186.881638 29.137 4194.900626 28.791 4202.91505 28.601 4210.92491 28.957 4218.930206 28.731 4226.930938 28.926 4234.927106 29.103 4242.91871 28.826 4250.90575 28.808 4258.888226 29.127 4266.866138 28.649 4274.839486 28.474 4282.80827 28.524 4290.77249 28.596 4298.732146 28.953 4306.687238 29.145 4314.637766 28.637 4322.58373 28.847 4330.52513 28.596 4338.461966 28.549 4346.394238 28.778 4354.321946 28.743 4362.24509 28.618 4370.16367 28.674 4378.077686 29.011 4385.987138 29.052 4393.892026 28.883 4401.79235 28.906 4409.68811 29.069 4417.579306 29.349 4425.465938 28.911 4433.348006 28.736 4441.22551 28.41 4449.09845 28.638 4456.966826 28.328 4464.830638 28.32 4472.689886 28.526 4480.54457 28.918 4488.39469 28.817 4496.240246 28.552 4504.081238 28.874 4511.917666 29.036 4519.74953 28.801 4527.57683 28.48 4535.399566 28.558 4543.217738 28.817 4551.031346 28.579 4558.84039 28.949 4566.64487 28.503 4574.444786 28.303 4582.240138 27.942 4590.030926 27.891 4597.81715 28.286 4605.59881 28.084 4613.375906 27.985 4621.148438 27.648 4628.916406 28.193 4636.67981 28.353 4644.43865 28.268 4652.192926 27.812 4659.942638 28.163 4667.687786 28.001 4675.42837 28.132 4683.16439 27.855 4690.895846 27.712 4698.622738 27.772 4706.345066 28.191 4714.06283 28.258 4721.77603 28.311 4729.484666 28.152 4737.188738 28.249 4744.888246 28.801 4752.58319 28.84 4760.27357 28.815 4767.959386 28.916 4775.640638 29.085 4783.317326 28.984 4790.98945 29.055 4798.65701 28.858 4806.320006 29.358 4813.978438 29.3 4821.632306 29.188 4829.28161 29.109 4836.92635 28.985 4844.566526 29.073 4852.202138 29.363 4859.833186 29.383 4867.45967 29.234 4875.08159 29.64 4882.698946 29.388 4890.311738 29.024 4897.919966 29.372 4905.52363 29.168 4913.12273 29.145 4920.717266 29.19 4928.307238 29.008 4935.892646 29.224 4943.47349 29.008 4951.04977 28.924 4958.621486 29.213 4966.188638 29.107 4973.751226 29.234 4981.30925 29.292 4988.86271 29.344 4996.411606 29.153 5003.955938 29.308 5011.495706 29.097 5019.03091 29.097 5026.56155 29.186 5034.087626 29.019 5041.609138 29.042 5049.126086 29.087 5056.63847 29.366 5064.14629 28.984 5071.649546 28.556 5079.148238 28.58 5086.642366 28.431 5094.13193 28.938 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5696.300832 28.746 5710.513208 28.838 5724.707328 28.635 5738.883192 28.828 5753.0408 28.933 5767.180152 28.986 5781.301248 28.523 5791.88009 28.527 5802.448662 29.037 5816.524118 29.009 5827.06873 28.936 5837.603072 28.973 5851.632888 28.512 5865.644448 28.557 5879.637752 28.552 5893.6128 28.251 5907.569592 28.787 5921.508128 28.841 5935.428408 28.632 5949.330432 29.02 5963.2142 28.803 5977.079712 28.529 5990.926968 28.636 6001.30043 29.231 6008.210366 29.06 6015.115738 29.16 6022.016546 28.962 6028.91279 28.914 6035.80447 29.142 6042.691586 28.953 6049.574138 29.136 6056.452126 29.055 6063.32555 29.15 6070.19441 29.233 6077.058706 28.923 6083.918438 29.016 6090.773606 28.94 6097.62421 28.951 6104.47025 28.574 6111.311726 28.608 6118.148638 28.541 6124.980986 28.4 6131.80877 28.373 6138.63199 28.3 6145.450646 28.283 6152.264738 28.572 6159.074266 28.61 6165.87923 28.573 6172.67963 28.467 6179.475466 28.349 6186.266738 28.237 6193.053446 28.478 6199.83559 28.425 6206.61317 28.994 6213.386186 28.864 6220.154638 28.916 6226.918526 28.516 6233.67785 28.562 6240.43261 28.653 6247.182806 28.469 6253.928438 28.618 6260.669506 28.756 6267.40601 28.737 6274.13795 28.847 6280.865326 28.875 6287.588138 28.866 6294.306386 28.926 6301.02007 29.101 6307.72919 28.79 6314.433746 28.763 6321.133738 29.044 6327.829166 29.019 6334.52003 29.152 6341.20633 29.116 6347.888066 29.34 6354.565238 29.255 6361.237846 29.463 6367.90589 29.442 6374.56937 29.348 6381.228286 29.194 6387.882638 29.19 6394.532426 29.488 6401.17765 29.473 6407.81831 29.116 6414.454406 28.919 6421.085938 28.67 6427.712906 29.041 6434.33531 28.911 6440.95315 28.941 6447.566426 28.711 6454.175138 28.65 6460.779286 28.615 6467.37887 28.522 6473.97389 28.461 6480.564346 28.268 6487.150238 28.573 6493.731566 28.375 6500.30833 28.263 6506.88053 28.012 6513.448166 28.077 6520.011238 28.144 6526.569746 28.202 6533.12369 27.988 6539.67307 28.106 6546.217886 27.76 6552.758138 27.706 6559.293826 27.654 6565.82495 27.771 6572.35151 27.985 6580.503291 28.017 6588.647942 28.235 6595.158528 28.206 6601.66455 28.184 6608.166008 28.42 6614.662902 28.534 6621.155232 28.256 6627.642998 28.303 6634.1262 28.067 6640.604838 27.749 6647.078912 27.675 6653.548422 27.281 6663.24413 27.239 6672.929568 27.224 6679.380822 27.08 6685.827512 27.258 6692.269638 26.962 6698.7072 27.069 6705.140198 26.948 6711.568632 26.925 6717.992502 26.839 6724.411808 26.94 6730.82655 26.64 6737.236728 26.502 6743.642342 26.648 6750.043392 26.201 6756.439878 26.747 6762.8318 26.542 6769.219158 27.019 6775.601952 27.343 6781.980182 27.113 6788.353848 27.153 6794.72295 27.168 6801.087488 26.961 6807.447462 26.864 6813.802872 27.073 6823.32743 27.086 6832.841718 27.018 6839.178872 25.912 6845.511462 25.337 6851.839488 25.903 6858.16295 26.073 6864.481848 26.49 6870.796182 27.029 6877.105952 27.217 6883.411158 27.278 6889.7118 27.18 6896.007878 27.294 6902.299392 27.138 6908.586342 27.141 6914.868728 27.395 6921.14655 27.597 6927.419808 27.323 6933.688502 27.402 6939.952632 27.596 6946.212198 27.781 6952.4672 27.901 6958.717638 27.767 6964.963512 27.665 6971.204822 27.855 6980.55823 27.736 6989.901368 27.753 6996.124422 27.942 7002.342912 27.862 7008.556838 28.018 7014.7662 28.41 7020.970998 28.5 7027.171232 28.456 7033.366902 28.438 7039.558008 28.402 7045.74455 28.26 7051.926528 28.548 7058.103942 28.674 7064.276792 28.64 7070.445078 28.901 7076.6088 29.001 7082.767958 29.054 7088.922552 29.11 7095.072582 28.837 7101.218048 28.514 7107.35895 28.472 7113.495288 28.504 7119.627062 28.371 7125.754272 28.443 7134.93653 28.453 7144.108518 28.247 7150.217472 28.163 7156.321862 28.281 7162.421688 28.116 7168.51695 28.161 7174.607648 27.915 7180.693782 27.975 7186.775352 27.878 7192.852358 28.084 7198.9248 27.556 7204.992678 27.905 7211.055992 28.164 7217.114742 28.409 7223.168928 28.725 7229.21855 28.476 7235.263608 28.41 7241.304102 28.578 7247.340032 28.669 7253.371398 27.967 7259.3982 27.31 7265.420438 27.378 7271.438112 27.221 7277.451222 26.997 7283.459768 27.278 7292.46403 27.299 7301.458022 27.283 7307.448312 27.404 7313.434038 27.348 7319.4152 26.844 7325.391798 27.576 7331.363832 27.57 7337.331302 27.493 7343.294208 27.365 7349.25255 27.6 7355.206328 27.905 7361.155542 27.833 7367.100192 27.553 7373.040278 27.532 7378.9758 27.252 7384.906758 27.573 7390.833152 27.082 7396.754982 27.458 7402.672248 27.822 7408.58495 27.993 7414.493088 27.994 7420.396662 28.2 7426.295672 27.899 7432.190118 28.191 7441.02323 28.306 7449.846072 29.019 7455.722262 29.12 7461.593888 29.231 7467.46095 29.028 7473.323448 29.251 7479.181382 29.089 7485.034752 28.973 7490.883558 28.878 7496.7278 28.367 7502.567478 28.274 7508.402592 28.14 7514.233142 28.039 7520.059128 27.726 7525.88055 27.62 7531.697408 27.885 7537.509702 27.37 7543.317432 27.702 7549.120598 27.717 7554.9192 27.757 7560.713238 27.551 7566.502712 28.086 7572.287622 28.204 7578.067968 28.09 7583.84375 27.742 7589.614968 28.03 7595.381622 28.423 7601.143712 28.442 7606.901238 28.326 7612.6542 28.36 7618.402598 28.155 7624.146432 28.2 7629.885702 28.356