# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 
#       Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/hydroclimate/
#       Description: NOAA location of the template
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# Original_Source_URL:  
#       Description:
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Archive: Climate Reconstructions
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# Dataset DOI: 
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# Parameter_Keywords: hydroclimate
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# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2019-03-27
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#	Date: 2019-03-27
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# Title
#	Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions
#--------------------
# Investigators
#	Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T.
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#	Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. 
#	Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1.  Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2.
#	
#	TableS1.xlsx contains: 
#	1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). 
#	2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab
#	3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite
#	4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. 
#	    Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. 
#	
#	TableS2.xlsx contains: 
#	1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). 
#	2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab
#	3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study.  Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. 
#	    Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. 
#	    Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr.
#	
#	Proxy Abreviations: 
#	nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR)
#	glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT)
#	long chain diol index (LDI)
#	magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca)
#	tree-ring width (TRW)
#	carbon 13 isotopes (d13C)
#	oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) 
#	loss on ignition (LOI)
#	strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca)
#	deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD)
#	records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) 
#
#-------------------- 
# Publication 
#	Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault 
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27      
#	Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene
#	Journal_Name: Nature
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#	Edition: 
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#	DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3
#	Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources.
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar 
#	Grant: BP 0544-13
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation 
#	Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund 
#	Grant: 
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program
#	Grant: 
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# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: 
#	Location: 
#	Country:  
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: 
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: 
# 	Elevation:  
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# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: 
#	Earliest_Year: 
#	Most_Recent_Year: 
#	Time_Unit: 
#	Core_Length: 
#	Notes: 
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# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
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# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) 
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  
#
depth (cm)	age (BP)	d18O (permil)
1	10	0.7
2	20	-3.8
3	30	-3.6
4	30	-2.5
5	40	-3.6
6	50	-3.5
7	60	-3.3
8	70	-2.8
9	80	-3.2
10	90	-3.2
11	90	-3.1
12	100	-3.3
13	110	-3.1
14	120	-3.2
15	130	-3.1
16	140	-3
17	150	-3.1
18	150	-2.8
19	160	-2.7
20	170	-3
21	180	-2.4
22	190	NaN
23	200	-1.8
24	210	-2.2
25	210	-2.2
26	220	-2.8
27	230	-2.4
28	240	-2.1
29	250	-2.3
30	260	-2.2
31	260	-1.5
32	270	-2.1
33	280	-1.9
34	290	-2.3
35	300	-2.2
36	310	-1.5
37	320	-2.4
38	320	-1.7
39	350	-1
40	440	-2.8
41	520	-2.1
42	610	-1.5
43	690	-1.4
44	770	-0.9
45	860	-0.8
46	940	-1
47	1030	-1.2
48	1110	-1
49	1190	-1.5
50	1280	-1.2
51	1360	-1.1
52	1440	-1.5
53	1530	-1.4
54	1610	-1.4
55	1690	-1.6
56	1780	-1.4
57	1860	-1.6
58	1940	-1.5
59	2020	-1.3
60	2110	-1.5
61	2190	-1.7
62	2270	-1.8
63	2350	-2.1
64	2430	-2
65	2520	-3.4
66	2600	-4.5
67	2680	-4.7
68	2760	-8.1
69	2840	-10.9
70	2920	-6
71	3000	-5.5
72	3090	NaN
73	3170	-7.9
74	3250	-8.1
75	3330	-8.6
76	3410	-10.9
77	3490	-12.3
78	3570	-6.6
79	3650	-6.6
80	3730	-5.4
81	3810	-5.5
82	3890	-4.4
83	3970	-4.6
84	4050	-5.1
85	4130	-5.2
86	4210	-8.4
87	4290	-7.8
88	4370	-8.9
89	4450	-4.9
90	4530	-6.5
91	4610	-7.2
92	4690	-6.1
93	4770	-6.5
94	4850	-4.9
95	4920	-6.5
96	5000	-7.4
97	5080	-8.1
98	5160	-6.6
99	5240	-7.3
100	5320	-6.3
101	5390	-6.1
102	5470	-6.1
103	5550	-7
104	5630	-7.7
105	5710	-5.4
106	5780	-3.9
107	5860	-6.5
108	5940	-5.2
109	6020	-5.2
110	6090	-5.3
111	6170	-5.1
112	6250	-5.3
113	6320	-5.5
114	6400	-4.8
115	6480	-4.6
116	6550	-5.4
117	6630	-5.1
118	6710	-3.1
119	6780	-3.4
120	6860	-2.7
121	6940	-3.1
122	7010	-2.8
123	7090	-2.8
124	7160	-2.8
125	7240	-3
126	7320	-2.9
127	7390	-2.9
128	7470	-2.9
129	7540	-2.8
130	7620	-2.7
131	7690	-2.4
132	7770	-2.6
133	7840	-2.7
134	7920	-2.2
135	7990	-2.2
136	8070	-2.2
137	8140	-2.3
138	8210	-2.6
139	8290	-2.2
140	8360	-2
141	8440	-1.9
142	8510	-2.2
143	8580	-1.9
144	8660	NaN
145	8730	-1.5
146	8810	-1.4
147	8880	-1.7
148	8950	-1.5
149	9030	-1.4
150	9100	-1.6
151	9170	-1.2
152	9240	-1.2
153	9320	-1.5
154	9390	-1.4
155	9460	-1.1
156	9540	-1.3
157	9610	-2.2
158	9680	-2
159	9750	-1.5
160	9820	-1.3
161	9900	-1.4
162	9970	-1.3
163	10040	-1.3
164	10110	-1.2
165	10180	-1.4
166	10250	-1.3
167	10330	-1.4
168	10400	-1.5
169	10470	-1.5
170	10540	-1.7
171	10610	-1.7
172	10680	-2.1
173	10750	-2.5
174	10820	-3.5
175	10890	-3
176	10960	-3.7
177	11030	-4
178	11100	-4.8
179	11170	-4
180	11240	-5
181	11310	-4.4
182	11380	-4.1
183	11450	-5
184	11520	-5.6
185	11590	-5.8
186	11660	-5.2
187	11730	-5
188	11800	-5.2
189	11870	-5.3
190	11940	-5.1
191	12010	-5.4
192	12080	-5.1
193	12140	-5.4
194	12210	-5
195	12280	-4.9
196	12350	-4.9
197	12420	-4
198	12490	-4.4
199	12550	-3.9
200	12620	-3.5
201	12690	-2.9
202	12760	-2.7
203	12830	-2.8
204	12890	-3.3
205	12960	-3.5
206	13030	-3.9
207	13100	-4.6
208	13160	-4
209	13230	-3.9
210	13300	-3.5
211	13360	-3.2
212	13430	-2.5
213	13500	-2.6
214	13560	-2.3
215	13630	-2.5
216	13700	-3.4
217	13760	-3.3
218	13830	-2.9
219	13890	-3.1
220	13960	-4
221	14030	-2.8
222	14090	-3.2
223	14160	-3.3
224	14220	-4.1
225	14290	-2.7
226	14350	-2.8
227	14420	-2.7
228	14480	-2.6
229	14550	-2.7
230	14610	-3.2
231	14680	-2.6
232	14740	-4.5
233	14810	-3.3
234	14870	-2.4
235	14940	NaN
236	15000	-4.1
237	15060	-4
238	15130	-3.8
239	15190	-8.3
240	15260	-12.8
241	15320	-10.8
242	15380	-8.4
243	15450	-8.1
244	15510	-13.9
245	15570	-10.5
246	15640	-10.7
247	15700	-4.6
248	15760	-3.9
249	15830	-4
250	15890	-4.2
251	15950	-3.5
252	16010	-3.6
253	16080	-3.6
254	16140	-3.6
255	16200	-3.9
256	16260	-3.7
257	16330	-3.7
258	16390	-3.8
259	16450	-3.7
260	16510	-3.9
261	16570	-4.2