# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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# Template Version 3.0
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# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 
#       Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/hydroclimate/
#       Description: NOAA location of the template
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# Original_Source_URL:  
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
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# Archive: Climate Reconstructions
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# Dataset DOI: 
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# Parameter_Keywords: hydroclimate
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# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2019-03-27
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#	Date: 2019-03-27
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# Title
#	Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions
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# Investigators
#	Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T.
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#	Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. 
#	Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1.  Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2.
#	
#	TableS1.xlsx contains: 
#	1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). 
#	2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab
#	3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite
#	4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. 
#	    Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. 
#	
#	TableS2.xlsx contains: 
#	1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). 
#	2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab
#	3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study.  Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. 
#	    Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. 
#	    Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr.
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#	Proxy Abreviations: 
#	nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR)
#	glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT)
#	long chain diol index (LDI)
#	magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca)
#	tree-ring width (TRW)
#	carbon 13 isotopes (d13C)
#	oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) 
#	loss on ignition (LOI)
#	strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca)
#	deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD)
#	records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) 
#
#-------------------- 
# Publication 
#	Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault 
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27      
#	Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene
#	Journal_Name: Nature
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#	DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3
#	Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources.
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar 
#	Grant: BP 0544-13
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation 
#	Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund 
#	Grant: 
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program
#	Grant: 
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# Site_Information 
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#	Northernmost_Latitude: 
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: 
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: 
# 	Elevation:  
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# Data_Collection   
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#	Earliest_Year: 
#	Most_Recent_Year: 
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#	Core_Length: 
#	Notes: 
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# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
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# Variables 
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# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) 
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  
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depth (cm)	age(BP)	amoeba (bog water table depth cm)
1.5	-38	22.9527
3.5	-21.85	14.3085
5.5	-4.65	11.742
7.5	16.45	12.336
9.5	34.9	12.8562
11.5	55.5	24.3709
13.5	77.8	9.95837
15.5	97.8	16.4378
17.5	119.35	3.60839
19.5	140.3	4.94797
21.5	160.7	14.4504
23.5	181.65	41.7702
25.5	201.9	15.3035
27.5	224.6	10.6756
29.5	245.75	7.00407
31.5	266.55	2.3128
33.5	287.4	2.18412
35.5	307.75	15.0082
37.5	329.6	8.12401
39.5	351.1	3.10904
41.5	371.75	10.7975
43.5	392.4	2.82515
45.5	413.2	12.9066
47.5	435.95	9.48707
49.5	457.75	21.2094
51.5	478.75	15.3533
53.5	499.65	0.643864
55.5	521.3	2.23381
57.5	542.25	6.10313
59.5	563.4	8.31469
61.5	584.35	12.0506
63.5	606.45	5.76025
65.5	627.45	5.7473
67.5	647.65	12.1187
69.5	668.1	9.81105
71.5	688.4	7.90743
73.5	708.65	7.62118
75.5	728.95	6.84792
77.5	749.05	8.2842
79.5	769.4	9.00667
81.5	789.2	3.56115
83.5	810	6.10483
85.5	830.7	9.59155
87.5	851.15	4.75005
89.5	874.1	5.32851
91.5	900.35	4.45101
94.5	935.2	0.801239
96.5	961.7	6.41748
98.5	989.55	3.30819
100.5	1016.25	7.07856
102.5	1046.15	5.7348
104.5	1074.8	12.5829
106.5	1103.5	10.9928
108.5	1133.05	7.31566
110.5	1161.7	7.51742
112.5	1191.65	10.4382
114.5	1222.85	8.75445
116.5	1252.15	7.24702
118.5	1281.35	11.561
120.5	1309.85	10.5887
122.5	1337.35	4.03646
124.5	1365.55	5.61293
126.5	1392.3	3.71218
129.5	1439.3	17.9095
130.5	1456.3	6.13675
133.5	1507.85	11.4873
135.5	1540	8.02748
137.5	1576.15	9.2884
139.5	1610.15	10.1984
140.5	1628.2	12.5031
143.5	1685.5	4.13719
145.5	1720.3	8.75878
147.5	1758.5	2.61538
149.5	1797.35	25.5989
153.5	1871.95	13.075
155.5	1908.1	18.6357
157.5	1944.6	11.2753
159.5	1981.55	16.2987
160.5	1999.85	1.32445
163.5	2057.4	5.58918
165.5	2094.15	5.05853
167.5	2127.15	3.44355
169.5	2163.3	8.99746
170.5	2179.3	12.0283
172.5	2208.35	8.59547
175.5	2256.4	10.9725
177.5	2284.6	1.82575
179.5	2310.6	3.92551
180.5	2324.05	14.8801
183.5	2363.45	24.3858
185.5	2389.5	13.8028
187.5	2419.15	20.0986
189.5	2447.95	16.2024
195.5	2530.7	20.4135
196.5	2544.15	13.752
198.5	2571.85	15.5811
200.5	2599.55	6.51522
202.5	2626	10.1628
204.5	2653.85	17.5174
206.5	2680.4	11.275
208.5	2708.5	9.06312
210.5	2736.15	4.49805
212.5	2759.3	4.71868
214.5	2784.3	6.49192
215.5	2798.1	12.1671
218.5	2846.7	-0.929956
220.5	2879.3	3.84128
222.5	2918.95	6.20964
226.5	2994.25	10.5144
228.5	3032.7	9.31976
230.5	3070.3	12.3036
232.5	3112.95	2.36235
234.5	3153.35	8.90171
236.5	3193.55	9.45615
238.5	3234.55	2.89897
240.5	3273.5	8.56045
242.5	3312	7.56625
244.5	3350.85	2.97623
246.5	3389.5	-2.624
248.5	3429.5	4.08894
250.5	3469.4	-0.687269
252.5	3511	5.04989
254.5	3552.7	3.53685
256.5	3593.45	5.94987
258.5	3634.35	11.0698
260.5	3674.4	-1.07918
262.5	3714.85	-3.48003
266.5	3795.1	0.977069
268.5	3833.75	-0.39739
270.5	3870.25	7.69778
272.5	3904.8	4.132
274.5	3941.9	12.6957
275.5	3960.45	8.80714
277.5	3998.85	26.9568
278.5	4020.65	34.5931
279.5	4044.1	39.3777
280.5	4069.75	31.6857
281.5	4097.5	3.64866
282.5	4123.8	-2.51836
283.5	4147.3	1.41913
284.5	4169.2	5.03324
286.5	4218.7	-1.99079
288.5	4268.6	7.13741
289.5	4292.6	7.59074
290.5	4317.35	10.6175
291.5	4343.6	8.67085
292.5	4369.9	12.7159
293.5	4395.85	9.60057
294.5	4421.35	9.29912
296.5	4473.4	17.6461
297.5	4500.05	10.111
298.5	4527.8	7.62254
299.5	4555.75	7.52973
300.5	4581.7	9.95837
301.5	4606.3	7.20512
302.5	4631.4	8.6167
303.5	4657.8	9.29674
305.5	4706.95	7.45615
307.5	4749.55	7.58671
308.5	4772	17.6659
309.5	4794.15	14.3043
310.5	4814.65	4.12096
311.5	4835.55	4.06353
312.5	4857.45	9.83651
313.5	4878.85	12.3346
314.5	4898.5	6.57926
316.5	4938	10.9285
317.5	4957.75	3.70159
318.5	4977.35	-2.28567
319.5	4996.9	-2.08257
320.5	5016.3	-0.258649
321.5	5035.35	1.43675
322.5	5055.5	4.75437
323.5	5076.6	4.86781
324.5	5097.15	6.23116
326.5	5137	10.0327
327.5	5158.2	12.2099