# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 
#       Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/
#       Description: NOAA location of the template
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# Original_Source_URL:  
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
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# Archive: Climate Reconstructions
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# Dataset DOI: 
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# Parameter_Keywords: temperature
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# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2019-03-27
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#	Date: 2019-03-27
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# Title
#	Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions
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# Investigators
#	Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T.
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#	Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. 
#	Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1.  Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2.
#	
#	TableS1.xlsx contains: 
#	1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). 
#	2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab
#	3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite
#	4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. 
#	    Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. 
#	
#	TableS2.xlsx contains: 
#	1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). 
#	2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab
#	3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study.  Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. 
#	    Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. 
#	    Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr.
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#	Proxy Abreviations: 
#	nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR)
#	glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT)
#	long chain diol index (LDI)
#	magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca)
#	tree-ring width (TRW)
#	carbon 13 isotopes (d13C)
#	oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) 
#	loss on ignition (LOI)
#	strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca)
#	deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD)
#	records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) 
#
#-------------------- 
# Publication 
#	Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault 
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27      
#	Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene
#	Journal_Name: Nature
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#	Edition: 
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#	DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3
#	Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources.
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar 
#	Grant: BP 0544-13
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation 
#	Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund 
#	Grant: 
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program
#	Grant: 
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# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: 
#	Location: 
#	Country:  
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: 
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: 
# 	Elevation:  
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# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: 
#	Earliest_Year: 
#	Most_Recent_Year: 
#	Time_Unit: 
#	Core_Length: 
#	Notes: 
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# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
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# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) 
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  
#
age (BP)	foraminifera (°C)
8.969697	13.02
62.787879	14.18
71.757576	13.13
89.69697	14.31
112.121212	14
130.060606	14.87
163.587629	13.63
184.371134	14.68
236.329897	14.02
251.917526	15.04
319.463918	13.19
340.247423	13.29
407.793814	13.26
418.185567	13.19
459.752577	14.11
480.536083	11.73
511.71134	13.99
532.494845	14.53
568.865979	11.38
579.257732	10.55
589.649485	NaN
610.43299	14.09
669.76	13.67
687.52	11.61
705.28	11.58
734.88	13.51
758.56	NaN
782.24	11.13
811.84	12.76
841.44	12.95
871.04	9.97
942.08	12.46
977.6	11.28
989.44	12.54
1019.04	13.03
1042.72	13.07
1060.48	12.54
1078.24	12.67
1112.43662	13.51
1139.830986	13.08
1156.267606	12.18
1232.971831	11.41
1271.323944	12.66
1304.197183	12.99
1320.633803	13.08
1337.070423	13.74
1353.507042	14.05
1408.295775	12.86
1435.690141	10.28
1457.605634	NaN
1506.045455	13.28
1527.090909	13.43
1532.352273	14.09
1579.704546	13.48
1590.227273	12.99
1616.534091	12.66
1658.625	13.79
1679.670455	13.11
1690.193182	12.93
1711.238636	14.34
1721.761364	14.53
1821.727273	13.56
1837.511364	12.54
1884.863636	12.6
1890.125	14.07
1926.954546	13.19
1932.215909	13.12
1970.098039	12.92
2003.245098	13.63
2014.294118	13.97
2025.343137	13.99
2069.539216	14.97
2108.210784	12.4
2130.308824	13.48
2157.931373	12.08
2213.176471	13.93
2240.79902	13.19
2262.897059	13.99
2312.617647	12.72
2351.289216	12.51
2373.387255	12.69
2389.960784	14
2428.632353	14.64
2467.303922	13.09
2494.926471	14.26
2505.97549	13.7
2528.073529	12.6
2555.696078	13.39
2610.941177	15.4
2633.039216	12.56
2704.857843	11.62
2749.053922	14.09
2776.676471	NaN
2809.823529	13.42
2837.446078	14.66
2854.019608	14.19
2909.264706	13.66
2942.411765	12.9
2964.509804	12.41
2975.558824	12.84
3047.377451	12.53
3097.514019	13.55
3195.074766	12.43
3247.607477	12.24
3285.130841	15.23
3331.816361	13.72
3385.223816	13.96
3411.927618	13.5
3438.631346	13.82
3465.335073	12.36
3492.038801	NaN
3518.742528	NaN
3545.446331	NaN
3562	NaN
3572.150058	10.72
3598.853785	14.85
3625.557513	12.31
3652.261315	14.31
3673	NaN
3678.965043	12.08
3759.076225	13.85
3785.780028	14.83
3812.483755	14
3839.187483	NaN
3865.89121	14.54
3892.595013	14.04
3919.29874	15.31
3946.002468	14.01
3972.706195	12.12
3999.409923	15.2
4026.113725	15.86
4079.52118	15.55
4112.90084	15.65
4132.92871	15.7
4159.632438	NaN
4186.336165	15.33
4213.039893	14.91
4239.74362	15.94
4266.447423	14.22
4293.15115	15.73
4319.854878	14.97
4346.558605	NaN
4373.262408	NaN
4399.966135	14.76
4553.420561	13.85
4590.943925	13.4
4635.971963	15.73
4725.205882	13.46
4795.935294	12.24
4848.982353	14.65
4955.076471	14.36
5025.805882	15.07
5087.694118	13.65
5255.676471	13.24
5423.658824	13.8
5494.388235	13.19
5653.529412	13.98
5715.417647	14.22
5768.464706	13.44
5821.511765	14.67
5856.876471	13.71
6007.176471	12.96
6139.794118	14.16
6198.845455	13.6
6243.381818	14.06
6325.031818	12.51
6354.722727	13.39
6466.063636	14.02
6518.022727	13.66
6547.713636	14.46
6584.827273	12.71
6644.209091	13.85
6725.859091	13.38
6740.704546	14.31
6814.931818	14.63
6896.581818	14.55
6978.231818	14.36
7178.645455	14.11
7208.336364	14.86
7304.831818	14.6
7349.368182	13.28
7386.481818	14.39
7475.554546	14.15
7527.513636	NaN
7564.627273	13.54
7668.545455	13.74
7794.731818	14.69
7858.489362	14.69
7934.553192	13.95
7982.957447	13.93
8010.617021	15.37
8100.510638	14.52
8170.482143	13.08
8244.535714	14.39
8278.714286	13.12
8290.107143	13.21
8361.348485	13.81
8409.227273	13.61
8433.166667	12.85
8463.090909	13.39
8510.969697	13.84
8576.80303	12.94
8672.560606	12.29
8684.530303	13
8700.85	NaN
8744.378788	14.47
8768.31	NaN
8822.181818	12.2
8864.075758	12.11
8904.592975	13.5
8932.840909	12.59
9017.584711	12.59
9063.487603	13.59
9088.204546	13.64
9151.762397	13.75
9169.417355	14.15
9225.913223	13.02
9250.630165	14.47
9261.223141	13.98
9293.002066	14.56
9317.719008	13.42
9381.27686	13.19
9402.46281	13.4
9420.118	NaN
9430.710744	14.61
9432.48	NaN
9448.365703	14.14
9490.737603	12.48
9504.86157	13.68
9582.543388	14.1
9614.322314	14.06
9677.880165	13.83
9755.561984	13.81
9758.869358	13.77
9771.627996	14.38
9784.386634	14.67
9797.145308	13.7
9809.903946	14.12
9822.662585	15.23
9835.421258	13.41
9848.179897	14.99
9860.938535	15.35
9873.697209	15.26
9886.455847	14.41
9899.214486	13.56
9911.973159	15.83
9924.731798	14.36
9937.490436	14.55
9963.645692	13.41
9976.404331	13.36
9989.162969	13.01
10001.92164	14.7