# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) pollen (°C) 0 21.01468137 50 21.17585359 100 20.99154562 150 20.61619682 200 21.14443154 250 20.82644366 300 20.81884491 350 20.81124615 400 20.8036474 450 20.85531915 500 20.96170213 550 21.06808511 600 21.17446809 650 21.11322949 700 20.99905776 750 20.88488604 800 20.89068362 850 20.96637281 900 20.85851875 950 20.60392785 1000 20.54402358 1050 20.69540195 1100 20.7190968 1150 20.55395675 1200 20.49014251 1250 20.63464005 1300 20.76325688 1350 20.84450485 1400 20.92575282 1450 20.87287638 1500 20.7842348 1550 20.68020338 1600 20.55019572 1650 20.42018806 1700 20.18299854 1750 19.94071154 1800 19.93649811 1850 20.13741904 1900 20.37371387 1950 20.87010674 2000 21.00059328 2050 21.09533265 2100 21.19007201 2150 21.28481138 2200 21.27494643 2250 21.24510938 2300 21.21527233 2350 21.18543527 2400 21.20308926 2450 21.26276336 2500 21.32243746 2550 21.38211156 2600 21.40507946 2650 21.29899217 2700 21.19290488 2750 21.08681759 2800 20.9807303 2850 21.20431881 2900 21.45959135 2950 21.71486389 3000 21.97013643 3050 22.02743417 3100 21.95449916 3150 21.85524396 3200 21.72364235 3250 21.59204073 3300 21.46043912 3350 21.53437698 3400 21.59713666 3450 21.52671512 3500 22.00262391 3550 22.09766764 3600 22.12646109 3650 22.21204822 3700 22.20591162 3750 21.9919438 3800 21.77797599 3850 21.9255123 3900 22.08445982 3950 22.16606103 4000 22.20274123 4050 22.18673881 4100 22.04531684 4150 21.90389486 4200 21.85992074 4250 21.88994116 4300 21.91996157 4350 21.9785294 4400 22.04857703 4450 22.11862467 4500 22.14145019 4550 22.15646039 4600 22.17120442 4650 22.09114998 4700 22.01109554 4750 21.95762718 4800 22.05769523 4850 22.15776328 4900 22.20662651 4950 22.13157547 5000 22.05652443 5050 21.96655964 5100 21.85739663 5150 21.71429145 5200 21.54969237 5250 21.53176531 5300 21.51383826 5350 21.52044402 5400 21.61007931 5450 21.6997146 5500 21.78607785 5550 21.79504138 5600 21.8040049 5650 21.81296843 5700 21.7034151 5750 21.57344393 5800 21.44347276 5850 21.65651254 5900 21.99627547 5950 21.74529665 6000 21.75139185 6050 22.03822479 6100 21.95253991 6150 21.85844472 6200 21.86292649 6250 21.86740825 6300 21.85762224 6350 21.72352815 6400 21.58943405 6450 21.45533996 6500 21.40335352 6550 21.38759745 6600 21.37184138 6650 21.36190182 6700 21.43280414 6750 21.50370646 6800 21.57460877 6850 21.25692857 6900 20.44549092 6950 20.24165401 7000 20.39921472 7050 20.95420782 7100 21.59998235 7150 21.54483611 7200 21.52430248 7250 21.65429006 7300 21.78427765 7350 21.91426523 7400 22.04425281 7450 22.1742404 7500 22.30422798 7550 22.43421557 7600 22.28106246 7650 22.12478493 7700 22.09327279 7750 22.06069247 7800 22.02569866 7850 21.99070484 7900 21.96066198 7950 21.93669105 8000 21.9655578 8050 22.02148997 8100 21.95180603 8150 21.86391263 8200 21.77601922 8250 21.58586444 8300 21.15438773 8350 20.98766098 8400 21.07555438 8450 21.18651971 8500 21.30637435 8550 21.08293628 8600 20.88543833 8650 20.98132204 8700 21.07720575 8750 21.17308947 8800 21.3008742 8850 21.45269008 8900 21.60450596 8950 21.75632184 9000 21.70151318 9050 21.64558101 9100 21.58964884 9150 21.49629963 9200 21.35103083 9250 21.20576202 9300 21.06753085 9350 20.93467461 9400 20.82331487 9450 20.76005 9500 20.72764786 9550 21.27172576 9600 20.89441022 9650 20.78996953 9700 21.15521434 9750 21.23163102 9800 20.89000071 9850 20.64110739 9900 20.6347809 9950 20.62775233 10000 20.58346692 10050 20.53918151 10100 20.43560249 10150 20.15239955 10200 20.06086014 10250 20.36668794 10300 20.41308866 10350 20.09060665 10400 20.1250332 10450 20.07647343 10500 19.92616662 10550 19.8326283 10600 19.91901908 10650 20.12206331 10700 19.86073459 10750 19.95472162 10800 20.16233926 10850 20.1685741 10900 20.16278071 10950 20.29416226 11000 20.41739686