# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) pollen (°C) 800 25.02857143 850 24.98635662 900 24.94414181 950 24.901927 1000 24.85971218 1050 24.81749737 1100 24.77528256 1150 24.73306775 1200 24.69085294 1250 24.64863813 1300 24.60642332 1350 24.56420851 1400 24.52199369 1450 24.4854019 1500 24.48318006 1550 24.48095823 1600 24.4787364 1650 24.47651457 1700 24.47429274 1750 24.4720709 1800 24.46984907 1850 24.46762724 1900 24.46540541 1950 24.46318357 2000 24.46096174 2050 24.45873991 2100 24.46932605 2150 24.51265178 2200 24.55597751 2250 24.59930323 2300 24.64262896 2350 24.68595469 2400 24.72928042 2450 24.77260614 2500 24.81593187 2550 24.8592576 2600 24.90258332 2650 24.94590905 2700 24.98923478 2750 25.02553157 2800 25.05219314 2850 25.07885471 2900 25.10551628 2950 25.13217785 3000 25.15883942 3050 25.18550099 3100 25.21216256 3150 25.23882414 3200 25.26548571 3250 25.29214728 3300 25.31880885 3350 25.34547042 3400 25.25239718 3450 25.06608326 3500 24.87976935 3550 24.69345544 3600 24.50714153 3650 24.32082761 3700 24.1345137 3750 23.96351123 3800 24.09618561 3850 24.22886 3900 24.36153438 3950 24.49420876 4000 24.55314936 4050 24.58631795 4100 24.61948655 4150 24.65265515 4200 24.70165703 4250 24.77130784 4300 24.84095866 4350 24.91060948 4400 24.94156755 4450 24.70607052 4500 24.47057349 4550 24.23507645 4600 23.99957942 4650 24.43705845 4700 25.02246415 4750 25.60786985 4800 25.17012034 4850 24.23252038 4900 23.32867071 4950 22.80467733 5000 22.28068395 5050 22.20680419 5100 22.5984203 5150 22.9900364 5200 23.20759846 5250 23.40616437 5300 23.42599468 5350 23.0509547 5400 22.67591471 5450 22.73854826 5500 22.97020849 5550 23.16852951 5600 23.14646663 5650 23.12440375 5700 23.18595477 5750 23.31833205 5800 23.45070932 5850 23.61982019 5900 23.7908075 5950 23.79236573 6000 23.49453986 6050 23.19671399 6100 23.11413092 6150 23.0954062 6200 23.37667118 6250 23.97981567 6300 24.26326376 6350 24.0125183 6400 23.70039035 6450 23.21923014 6500 22.80677148 6550 22.75933315 6600 22.72145839 6650 22.86377338 6700 23.00608837 6750 23.08453782 6800 23.15908376 6850 23.44285172 6900 23.76814313 6950 23.40917322 7000 22.79247493 7050 23.07261589 7100 23.90617512 7150 24.01335863 7200 23.42376796 7250 23.16142044 7300 23.38505828 7350 23.5867498 7400 23.73584169 7450 23.86598536 7500 23.91342369 7550 23.91251288 7600 23.34325291 7650 22.77399295 7700 22.70670394 7750 22.65472648 7800 22.73398759 7850 22.94617792 7900 23.15836826 7950 23.07208106 8000 22.91293831 8050 22.80081475 8100 23.06603297 8150 23.33125119 8200 23.53666543 8250 23.65867487 8300 23.78068431 8350 23.82197337 8400 23.83258289 8450 23.85894966 8500 24.36820646 8550 24.87746326 8600 25.11729859 8650 24.83086291 8700 24.54442723 8750 24.53872049 8800 24.68725373 8850 24.83578696 8900 24.58014005 8950 24.30429261 9000 24.09724789 9050 24.08663837 9100 24.07602886 9150 23.97829242 9200 23.81385712 9250 23.64942182 9300 23.37983439 9350 23.09497749 9400 22.8101206 9450 22.5252637 9500 22.24040681 9550 22.18571429 9600 22.18571429 9650 22.18571429 9700 22.18571429 9750 22.18571429 9800 22.18571429 9850 22.18339188 9900 22.18095238 9950 22.17851288 10000 22.17607338 10050 22.17363388 10100 22.17915691 10150 22.25966042 10200 22.34016393 10250 22.42066745 10300 22.50117096 10350 22.58167447 10400 22.64051522 10450 22.63075722 10500 22.62099922 10550 22.61124122 10600 22.60148322 10650 22.59172521 10700 22.54730679 10750 22.44728728 10800 22.34726776 10850 22.24724824 10900 22.14722873 10950 22.04720921 11000 22.00772834