# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) alkenone (°C) 442 14.59554436 463.64 15.30251604 485.279 15.64093008 506.919 15.7419744 528.559 15.72847949 550.198 16.06662671 571.838 16.02841754 593.478 15.98177076 615.117 15.82693706 636.757 16.009141 658.397 16.12008041 680.036 16.22578421 701.676 16.12880263 723.316 16.26660506 766.595 16.17134302 788.235 16.20370624 809.874 16.40166775 831.514 16.57881545 853.154 16.34273103 874.794 16.44773746 896.433 16.36615949 918.073 16.55395324 939.713 16.60986114 961.352 16.60207126 982.992 16.63972929 1004.63 17.00064193 1026.27 16.91669896 1047.91 17.01861147 1069.55 17.11669497 1091.19 16.75914305 1112.83 16.82490492 1134.47 16.64070683 1156.11 16.93526074 1177.75 16.4753998 1242.67 16.36331787 1264.31 16.78506981 1285.95 16.85689707 1307.59 16.74593306 1329.23 16.7493107 1350.87 16.50328277 1372.51 16.50079361 1394.15 16.36009983 1415.79 16.40619332 1437.43 16.61653684 1459.06 16.93060279 1480.7 16.86656328 1502.34 16.76940348 1528.38 16.87620963 1557.34 17.03510752 1586.3 16.90491725 1615.26 16.96851263 1644.22 16.79900427 1673.18 17.17127851 1702.14 16.69330782 1731.11 17.08788189 1760.07 17.10564392 1789.03 16.92033856 1817.99 16.49901276 1846.95 16.62061084 1875.91 16.77797549 1904.87 16.89004498 1933.84 16.81993607 1962.8 16.79466018 1991.76 16.54153408 2020.72 16.95265471 2049.68 17.3395296 2078.64 17.20204108 2107.6 16.63480756 2136.57 16.94694521 2165.53 17.14283272 2194.49 17.09867298 2223.45 17.51328889 2252.41 17.54540098 2281.37 18.18574462 2310.33 17.21600838 2339.29 16.82180311 2368.26 17.04465566 2397.22 17.11895419 2426.18 17.2713126 2455.14 16.9499422 2513.06 17.51982798 2542.02 17.15794412 2570.99 17.62716637 2599.95 17.37801484 2628.91 17.59989201 2657.87 17.14228821 2686.83 17.5756159 2725.28 17.24680275 2801.66 17.60868364 2878.03 17.4030358 2954.41 17.87762277 3030.79 17.48849241 3107.17 18.20745389 3183.55 17.41522027 3259.93 17.62391978 3336.31 17.34840038 3412.69 18.09906971 3489.07 18.10948946 3565.45 18.23035567 3676.35 17.67388286 3810.25 18.49848369 3944.16 17.98705376 4078.07 17.84787774 4211.98 18.10567161 4345.89 17.83631328 4479.8 18.14939678 4613.71 18.63846089 4747.62 18.11214735 4881.53 17.93617608 5015.44 18.28099748 5149.35 17.96518169 5283.25 17.99570455 5417.16 17.63155035 5551.07 17.99506344 5684.98 18.60291179 5818.89 18.26330253 5952.8 18.41978132 6086.71 18.27753045 6220.62 18.31031264 6354.53 18.75768274 6488.44 18.43840424 6641 18.98802145 6806 19.46433493 6971 17.90043144 7136 18.57177569 7301 18.38598776 7466 18.63306452 7631 19.0454381 7796 18.74206995 7961 18.56950476 8126 18.2440382 8291 18.19043693 8456 18.39468283 8621 18.65692809 8800.72 19.37843153 9039.31 18.77627251 9277.9 19.25605515 9516.49 18.96534252 9755.08 19.28684314 9993.67 19.29459267 10232.3 19.08268426 10470.8 18.75091113 10646.1 18.10322041 10726.5 19.03441566 10806.8 19.06162473 10887.1 18.39835327 10967.5 18.39066868 11047.8 16.59815027 11128.1 18.02328693 11144.2 18.26031929 11160.3 18.31066466 11176.3 18.66858127 11192.4 18.28878563 11208.5 18.06170981 11224.5 18.38427247 11240.6 17.99176286 11256.7 17.90318552 11272.7 17.78439892 11288.8 17.7766803 11304.9 17.9884867 11320.9 17.76742899 11337 17.78085865 11353.1 17.72841863 11369.1 17.87795887 11385.2 18.02056237 11401.3 18.02171652 11417.3 17.64685316 11433.4 17.93194441 11449.5 17.50693841 11465.5 17.4498928 11481.6 17.31732264 11497.7 17.0557226