# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) pollen (°C) 0 21.13476366 50 21.68381765 100 22.03497322 150 21.64778637 200 21.42997144 250 21.54095519 300 21.92450028 350 22.05300183 400 21.86661678 450 21.76806641 500 21.95614502 550 21.61025279 600 22.14318889 650 22.16591152 700 22.0549273 750 21.96113932 800 22.02845219 850 22.01262405 900 21.99726902 950 22.03573352 1000 22.0907952 1050 22.16785495 1100 22.27760998 1150 22.15634065 1200 22.04625037 1250 21.97736612 1300 22.07215455 1350 22.16694298 1400 22.1991483 1450 21.97963825 1500 21.89794539 1550 21.94174762 1600 22.15127994 1650 22.15339203 1700 22.11969844 1750 22.19990384 1800 22.18568181 1850 21.94413187 1900 22.18286702 1950 22.05793263 2000 22.04612504 2050 21.92613979 2100 21.81994217 2150 21.90341016 2200 21.98687816 2250 22.04830124 2300 22.06483177 2350 22.08136229 2400 22.09789282 2450 22.11442335 2500 22.13095388 2550 22.1474844 2600 22.17227791 2650 22.20868473 2700 22.24509155 2750 22.28149838 2800 22.11402941 2850 21.96202169 2900 22.1238298 2950 22.19718486 3000 22.1081904 3050 22.05795289 3100 22.03499288 3150 21.77167822 3200 21.41504059 3250 21.53841938 3300 21.78360774 3350 21.82728634 3400 21.84214624 3450 21.61647309 3500 21.37696478 3550 21.07976676 3600 20.85551777 3650 21.2418752 3700 21.45460954 3750 20.89736326 3800 20.57695527 3850 20.92616294 3900 21.15462737 3950 21.14719742 4000 21.21700924 4050 21.39532805 4100 21.50769743 4150 21.55227713 4200 21.46971552 4250 21.29139671 4300 21.25744481 4350 21.30202451 4400 21.30351288 4450 21.28865298 4500 21.3035961 4550 21.32588595 4600 21.15866689 4650 20.96548818 4700 20.78652742 4750 20.60820861 4800 20.4298898 4850 20.24743399 4900 20.03196543 4950 20.00851413 5000 20.81094878 5050 21.46710096 5100 21.71943608 5150 21.91749322 5200 21.8928851 5250 22.4235003 5300 22.56131944 5350 22.68426687 5400 22.56755637 5450 22.37342886 5500 22.30344978 5550 22.33580436 5600 22.29545276 5650 22.11426708 5700 21.97003293 5750 22.06709668 5800 22.16416044 5850 22.27319694 5900 22.38320253 5950 22.44678317 6000 22.49207959 6050 22.49449402 6100 22.45566852 6150 22.41684302 6200 22.37801751 6250 22.33919201 6300 22.30036651 6350 22.26154101 6400 22.14812292 6450 22.0251755 6500 22.13511068 6550 22.35512186 6600 22.46227818 6650 22.44286543 6700 22.29719007 6750 21.79892945 6800 21.33473174 6850 21.44473733 6900 21.55474292 6950 21.72513201 7000 21.90631768 7050 21.96313751 7100 21.95019568 7150 21.90643571 7200 21.82231379 7250 21.78775599 7300 21.92364525 7350 22.05522954 7400 21.94651813 7450 21.83780672 7500 21.72909532 7550 21.62038391 7600 21.5116725 7650 21.60549769 7700 21.80103328 7750 21.83985878 7800 21.83998716 7850 21.67174332 7900 21.50349947 7950 21.3289193 8000 21.15420454 8050 21.06436129 8100 20.99965212 8150 20.93027189 8200 20.85727833 8250 20.78428478 8300 20.73014081 8350 20.68715486 8400 20.64416892 8450 20.60118297 8500 20.66460459 8550 20.73103741 8600 20.79747024 8650 20.82057323 8700 20.75023259 8750 20.70664266 8800 20.69101141 8850 20.69088136 8900 20.69869698 8950 20.86281513 9000 21.05710034 9050 21.04928471 9100 21.05118547 9150 21.09807923 9200 21.10670268 9250 21.04417767 9300 20.95309874 9350 20.83586435 9400 20.95731542 9450 21.18396858 9500 21.19397509 9550 21.16392557 9600 20.96853491 9650 20.82909663 9700 20.89943727 9750 20.91892757 9800 20.85640256 9850 20.8454008 9900 20.87573054 9950 20.90606028 10000 20.88558828 10050 20.846212 10100 20.80683572 10150 20.76745944 10200 20.72808317 10250 20.68870689 10300 20.64023469 10350 20.59101434 10400 20.54179399 10450 20.49257364 10500 20.44335328 10550 20.39970665 10600 20.39724563 10650 20.39478461 10700 20.3923236 10750 20.38986258 10800 20.38740156 10850 20.34702709 10900 20.22397622 10950 20.10092534 11000 19.97787447