# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) pollen (°C) 50 21.50168498 100 21.60732601 150 21.48260358 200 21.51527905 250 21.54827155 300 21.58297931 350 21.61356032 400 21.6061584 450 21.59766764 500 21.58378453 550 21.56653823 600 21.52208062 650 21.47128588 700 21.39200888 750 21.37101363 800 21.44510966 850 21.45346441 900 21.38211511 950 21.2952381 1000 21.2 1050 21.25317461 1100 21.32698589 1150 21.29527509 1200 21.29261791 1250 21.37805878 1300 21.48318523 1350 21.60280246 1400 21.54477102 1450 21.49166097 1500 21.51729324 1550 21.51421736 1600 21.4885851 1650 21.55975542 1700 21.63669504 1750 21.70146188 1800 21.67038861 1850 21.61565408 1900 21.59118664 1950 21.57884299 2000 21.56649934 2050 21.52726263 2100 21.40379059 2150 21.28031856 2200 21.43821892 2250 21.6179499 2300 21.61326029 2350 21.39553308 2400 21.27142857 2450 21.27142857 2500 21.32432508 2550 21.45790213 2600 21.59143138 2650 21.72487709 2700 21.77720185 2750 21.66482652 2800 21.55037225 2850 21.43097345 2900 21.36127671 2950 21.43158043 3000 21.53094536 3050 21.7276022 3100 21.8774547 3150 21.83531395 3200 21.8125158 3250 21.88977385 3300 21.93734533 3350 21.78267717 3400 21.6448799 3450 21.66595027 3500 21.69268156 3550 21.80505689 3600 21.90838601 3650 21.69768226 3700 21.48697851 3750 21.6674072 3800 21.85019685 3850 21.80984689 3900 21.76068268 3950 21.73758955 4000 21.71651917 4050 21.6954488 4100 21.67437842 4150 21.5052012 4200 21.40693716 4250 21.6197333 4300 21.759 4350 21.63757143 4400 21.53657143 4450 21.508 4500 21.53285715 4550 21.74714286 4600 21.90171428 4650 21.84457143 4700 21.756 4750 21.556 4800 21.38114286 4850 21.29542857 4900 21.326 4950 21.76885714 5000 22.07028571 5050 21.87028571 5100 21.71742857 5150 21.73171428 5200 21.75228571 5250 21.79514286 5300 21.83904762 5350 21.88666667 5400 21.93428572 5450 21.98190476 5500 22.02952381 5550 22.00839286 5600 21.89232143 5650 21.92156754 5700 21.98271262 5750 22.01890586 5800 21.98024357 5850 21.94158128 5900 21.91570655 5950 21.92053934 6000 21.92537212 6050 21.93673884 6100 21.96090277 6150 21.98506669 6200 21.99815388 6250 21.99332109 6300 21.98848831 6350 21.969233 6400 21.93054454 6450 21.89185608 6500 21.88511502 6550 21.91411173 6600 21.94310845 6650 21.94218055 6700 21.91318384 6750 21.88418712 6800 21.90119853 6850 21.95435917 6900 22.00751982 6950 21.9964624 7000 21.94330176 7050 21.89014112 7100 21.89021844 7150 21.91921516 7200 21.94821187 7250 21.95714286 7300 21.95714286 7350 21.95714286 7400 21.9893733 7450 22.03316466 7500 22.07695602 7550 22.04233462 7600 21.98811003 7650 21.93388544 7700 21.8707281 7750 21.80660024 7800 21.74312352 7850 21.78751973 7900 21.83191594 7950 21.85461895 8000 21.7018042 8050 21.54898945 8100 21.4461573 8150 21.5291095 8200 21.6120617 8250 21.6950139 8300 21.7779661 8350 21.86091831 8400 21.94387051 8450 21.8587822 8500 21.74168619 8550 21.6316397 8600 21.52804854 8650 21.42445738 8700 21.48144239 8750 21.63436267 8800 21.78728295 8850 21.82137435 8900 21.81151533 8950 21.80165631 9000 21.78358327 9050 21.76385162 9100 21.74411997 9150 21.61318852 9200 21.47465367 9250 21.40744638 9300 21.46815055 9350 21.48029138 9400 21.33864832 9450 21.220035 9500 21.26716036 9550 21.31428571 9600 21.16480888 9650 21.01533205 9700 20.94890479 9750 21.05575382 9800 21.16260284 9850 21.32144993 9900 21.50829596 9950 21.695142 10000 21.55440957 10050 21.40493274 10100 21.3095523 10150 21.34160701 10200 21.37366172 10250 21.45566945 10300 21.56777707 10350 21.67988469 10400 21.59461884 10450 21.49852659 10500 21.34435191 10550 21.03472133 10600 20.72509075 10650 20.57134309 10700 20.52326103 10750 20.47517897 10800 20.46158445 10850 20.45090754 10900 20.4488257 10950 20.47308812 11000 20.49735054