# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) alkenone (°C) 1130 18.8709591 1290 19.01299106 1450 19.10954659 1610 19.25234607 1767.5 19.31777865 1922.5 19.34059605 2080 19.37853503 2240 19.35580524 2560 19.40803186 2720 19.52672315 2880 19.53263261 3037.5 19.25859576 3192.5 19.40547728 3350 19.50122741 3510 19.31948664 3660 19.4361087 3800 19.48384803 3937.5 19.42390929 4072.5 19.40088638 4210 19.5006295 4350 19.14689675 4487.5 18.83731174 4622.5 19.06465721 4750 19.2551961 4870 19.24530276 4990 18.93743392 5110 19.14818799 5230 18.93743906 5350 19.48381748 5427.5 19.61649204 5462.5 19.56077074 5497.5 19.61177635 5532.5 19.45153896 5567.5 19.7048257 5602.5 19.67370968 5637.5 19.57807839 5672.5 19.69055466 5707.5 19.70601554 5742.5 19.72761548 5777.5 19.91690619 5812.5 19.98157606 5847.5 19.92102631 5882.5 19.91656514 5917.5 19.93821497 5952.5 19.68035427 5987.5 20.10238236 6022.5 20.11742997 6057.5 20.2354067 6092.5 20.11464522 6127.5 20.04689885 6162.5 19.88848968 6197.5 19.95855509 6232.5 19.76865916 6267.5 19.84368906 6302.5 19.94432892 6337.5 19.83186687 6372.5 19.84922479 6410 19.79507197 6450 19.74294744 6487.5 19.89262069 6522.5 19.89288466 6557.5 19.85915025 6592.5 19.8011366 6627.5 19.9584743 6662.5 19.88322454 6697.5 19.91262323 6732.5 19.77814849 6767.5 19.78050412 6802.5 19.76735263 6837.5 19.83534758 6872.5 19.44509234 6907.5 19.7348628 6942.5 19.78788076 6977.5 19.87140722 7012.5 19.79152316 7047.5 19.7603108 7082.5 19.81111222 7117.5 19.69121226 7152.5 19.54195099 7187.5 19.58737926 7222.5 19.72046064 7257.5 19.69769017 7292.5 19.71416739 7327.5 19.77686794 7362.5 19.75427209 7397.5 19.73257862 7432.5 19.77627335 7467.5 19.83620399 7502.5 19.77594966 7527.5 19.79128623 7542.5 19.10035742 7557.5 19.76630279 7572.5 19.79203798 7585 19.80694421 7595 19.8084771 7607.5 19.66696937 7622.5 19.784965 7637.5 19.80554067 7652.5 19.76631866 7667.5 19.7883461 7682.5 19.72711853 7697.5 19.8038216 7712.5 19.70783979 7726.67 19.78165895 7740 19.2041349 7753.33 19.22720447 7766.67 19.58554929 7780 19.47611945 7793.33 19.98584354 7807.5 19.64708596 7822.5 19.72195096 7837.5 19.89518897 7852.5 19.96880509 7865 19.98635338 7875 19.70332393 7887.5 20.04664786 7902.5 19.60584019 7917.5 19.17246221 7932.5 19.42467527 7955 19.67586214 7985 19.84644377 8017.5 19.80559579 8052.5 19.99946631 8080 19.967233 8100 19.90506934 8120 20.04303237 8160 19.84011183 8205 20.05622163 8235 20.03898869 8267.5 20.0590476 8302.5 20.06053165 8335 20.1350343 8365 20.10379311 8395 20.17033291 8425 19.70831116 8455 19.86838371 8485 19.85777346 8517.5 19.45291807 8552.5 19.83494962 8585 19.91864165 8615 20.06079295 8645 20.01776387 8675 20.07897577 8705 20.21317442 8735 20.28080418 8767.5 20.17599068 8802.5 20.12550925 8835 20.06842531 8865 20.10592474 8882.5 20.04962627 8887.5 20.13095883 8892.5 20.09614542 8897.5 19.99913632 8899 20.0178189 8900 19.95547167 8902.5 19.85011976 8907.5 20.02563093 8912.5 19.99344164 8917.5 19.95612025 8922.5 20.02857561 8927.5 20.12109866 8932.5 20.12068966 8937.5 20.08345982 8939 19.94403295 8940 19.87879996 8942.5 19.90149212 8947.5 19.96285833 8952.5 19.95675135 8957.5 19.83226187 8962.5 19.81335306 8967.5 19.99208576 8972.5 20.10668568 8977.5 20.06617773 8979 19.96805776 8980 20.0529684 8982.5 20.08243547 8987.5 20.14768369 8992.5 20.10375448 8997.5 20.17232975 9002.5 20.16517256 9007.5 19.94172969 9015 19.94712388 9025 20.11096656 9032.5 20.13295803 9037.5 20.0340288 9045 20.08059316 9055 20.06644802 9062.5 20.11501155 9067.5 20.09384073 9073.75 20.13503634 9081.25 20.13859576 9088.75 19.89293427 9096.25 20.00634646 9102.5 20.11847018 9107.5 20.19300044 9115 20.0878777 9125 20.1604373 9132.5 20.07820003 9137.5 20.03986169 9142.5 20.19217267 9147.5 20.14221379 9155 20.35661941 9165 20.24251934 9172.5 20.24565495 9177.5 20.06110749 9185 20.40753738 9195 19.98448438 9202.5 20.18074029 9207.5 20.25229267 9212.5 19.53059562 9217.5 19.73036892 9225 19.41329802 9235 19.69424763 9242.5 19.78184076 9247.5 19.83601108 9255 20.04959102 9265 20.24778813 9272.5 20.19738918 9277.5 20.16819487 9282.5 20.12812525 9287.5 20.227365 9295 20.23516617 9305 20.24888319 9313.75 20.0838952 9321.25 20.32686808 9328.75 20.2907569 9336.25 20.39434631 9342.5 20.32069937 9347.5 20.2590668 9352.5 19.91755543 9357.5 20.25376679 9365 20.25470528 9375 20.24265897 9382.5 20.20413373 9387.5 20.24902597 9395 20.24948533 9405 20.2829004 9412.5 20.28802049 9417.5 20.30390603 9427.5 20.08478761 9442.5 19.73097433 9460 19.86447195 9480 20.18923742 9497.5 20.05611739 9512.5 20.32169567 9530 20.29690845 9550 20.27687881 9567.5 20.30087254 9582.5 20.27420324 9597.5 20.17562744 9612.5 20.29593131