# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) pollen (°C) 0 21.04977408 50 21.06093044 100 21.07986965 150 21.22293875 200 21.36600784 250 21.3609615 300 21.09599907 350 20.83103664 400 21.23781263 450 21.77850601 500 21.89018794 550 21.87047358 600 21.73348728 650 21.61581975 700 21.53592202 750 21.45602429 800 21.35705382 850 21.25431996 900 21.11366589 950 20.89678329 1000 20.67990069 1050 20.6097289 1100 20.56977684 1150 20.5453393 1200 20.55294861 1250 20.52640538 1300 20.45791723 1350 20.38942908 1400 20.34967542 1450 20.37098254 1500 20.39228966 1550 20.41359678 1600 20.43279287 1650 20.44699691 1700 20.46120095 1750 20.47540499 1800 20.55777071 1850 20.82055853 1900 21.08334635 1950 21.34613418 2000 21.51428856 2050 21.40065058 2100 21.2870126 2150 21.17337462 2200 21.05973664 2250 20.94609867 2300 20.83246069 2350 20.71882271 2400 20.61249387 2450 20.53437165 2500 20.45624942 2550 20.3781272 2600 20.31714674 2650 20.33279786 2700 20.34844897 2750 20.36410009 2800 20.37975121 2850 20.61999824 2900 20.99848605 2950 20.82906254 3000 20.65743858 3050 20.50776604 3100 20.36253235 3150 20.71545947 3200 21.31619884 3250 21.35156772 3300 20.83009492 3350 20.50813309 3400 20.5741484 3450 20.66301527 3500 20.85916471 3550 20.96718788 3600 20.85083283 3650 20.73447779 3700 20.65440944 3750 20.94213782 3800 21.22986621 3850 21.51759459 3900 21.64830843 3950 21.71600521 4000 21.783702 4050 21.84569296 4100 21.89646856 4150 21.94724415 4200 21.99801975 4250 21.96340349 4300 21.92532179 4350 21.88724009 4400 21.80585721 4450 21.69373109 4500 21.58160497 4550 21.46947885 4600 21.35735272 4650 21.2452266 4700 21.13310048 4750 21.06875657 4800 21.01404718 4850 20.9593378 4900 20.90462841 4950 20.84991903 5000 20.82857143 5050 20.82857143 5100 20.82857143 5150 20.82857143 5200 20.82857143 5250 20.82857143 5300 20.82857143 5350 20.82857143 5400 20.82857143 5450 20.82857143 5500 20.82857143 5550 20.85111888 5600 20.87767027 5650 20.90422167 5700 20.93077307 5750 20.95732447 5800 21.01374938 5850 21.10402413 5900 21.19429888 5950 21.28457364 6000 21.37484839 6050 21.44047752 6100 21.25195558 6150 21.06343365 6200 20.87491171 6250 20.68638978 6300 20.49786784 6350 20.45978047 6400 20.48367673 6450 20.50757299 6500 20.53146925 6550 20.55536551 6600 20.59602083 6650 20.67104296 6700 20.74606509 6750 20.82108722 6800 20.89610935 6850 20.97113148 6900 20.93502165 6950 20.82940015 7000 20.72377865 7050 20.62716952 7100 20.61295134 7150 20.59873316 7200 20.58451498 7250 20.57284328 7300 20.590616 7350 20.60838872 7400 20.62616145 7450 20.64178012 7500 20.62400739 7550 20.60623467 7600 20.58846195 7650 20.57261158 7700 20.60104935 7750 20.63841516 7800 20.9441212 7850 21.2401018 7900 21.1192533 7950 20.99718466 8000 20.78390138 8050 20.57183377 8100 20.6784648 8150 20.78509583 8200 20.92706438 8250 21.22403231 8300 20.99054823 8350 20.66256634 8400 20.3907515 8450 20.51264817 8500 20.90515598 8550 21.15562918 8600 21.21843733 8650 20.95494457 8700 20.48388343 8750 20.39192847 8800 20.39977863 8850 20.64414785 8900 20.82010018 8950 20.57671859 9000 20.42472956 9050 20.45613019 9100 20.47142857 9150 20.47142857 9200 20.4768709 9250 20.48472192 9300 20.53371956 9350 20.58402475 9400 20.55262067 9450 20.52121659 9500 20.48981252 9550 20.47576195 9600 20.48621389 9650 20.49666583 9700 20.47173844 9750 20.43023835 9800 20.39033613 9850 20.35143168 9900 20.10019143 9950 19.78892192 10000 20.10189076 10050 20.38828354 10100 20.14707594 10150 19.97988888 10200 20.01101583 10250 20.03874883 10300 20.0620915 10350 20.06829871 10400 20.06308228 10450 20.05786585 10500 20.01670196 10550 19.9697541 10600 19.94394529 10650 20.0691396 10700 20.19433391 10750 20.17522224 10800 19.92481532 10850 19.67440841 10900 19.69183055 10950 19.85614808 11000 20.02046562