# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) pollen (°C) 0 19.4 50 19.39625538 100 19.39251077 150 19.38876615 200 19.38502153 250 19.38127691 300 19.3775323 350 19.37378768 400 19.37004306 450 19.36629844 500 19.36255383 550 19.35880921 600 19.35506459 650 19.35131998 700 19.34757536 750 19.34383074 800 19.64359606 850 19.66428571 900 19.57635468 950 19.65689656 1000 19.55714286 1050 19.55714286 1100 19.59187192 1150 19.70566503 1200 19.50517242 1250 19.43300493 1300 19.708867 1350 19.8392387 1400 19.71135184 1450 19.62081072 1500 19.64788546 1550 19.6749602 1600 19.67918603 1650 19.66835613 1700 19.65752624 1750 19.69370567 1800 19.7316103 1850 19.75360798 1900 19.74277809 1950 19.73194819 2000 19.77329023 2050 19.8382696 2100 19.89949233 2150 19.88933902 2200 19.87918571 2250 19.86903239 2300 19.85887908 2350 19.73370963 2400 19.72094502 2450 19.74801975 2500 19.76482991 2550 19.71609539 2600 19.66736086 2650 19.63208789 2700 19.61042811 2750 19.58876832 2800 19.62573272 2850 19.67231994 2900 19.72330166 2950 19.81418822 3000 19.8989541 3050 19.79678794 3100 19.73035156 3150 19.90558144 3200 19.88448455 3250 19.88959056 3300 19.5648508 3350 19.73200159 3400 19.66943591 3450 19.61664105 3500 19.74342222 3550 19.71714186 3600 19.81012194 3650 19.57908618 3700 19.52124928 3750 19.70552196 3800 19.93275153 3850 19.48881729 3900 19.59259681 3950 19.82724298 4000 19.66554476 4050 19.84967025 4100 19.80054526 4150 19.59140675 4200 19.850575 4250 19.60172499 4300 19.85829285 4350 19.67309409 4400 19.52472356 4450 19.46900962 4500 19.67577726 4550 19.78974338 4600 19.87009249 4650 19.90098852 4700 19.97387391 4750 19.99747024 4800 19.80015594 4850 19.66023243 4900 19.53694728 4950 19.68571429 5000 19.79034385 5050 19.47563776 5100 19.68304989 5150 19.76664303 5200 19.88571429 5250 19.57840136 5300 19.86088436 5350 19.74037894 5400 19.78373016 5450 19.7682142 5500 19.81428571 5550 19.81428571 5600 19.80720309 5650 19.96823901 5700 19.77755102 5750 19.84241072 5800 19.64656767 5850 19.65975122 5900 19.96688989 5950 19.72530338 6000 19.95116641 6050 19.91389074 6100 19.81514725 6150 19.75819465 6200 19.91304155 6250 20.09423585 6300 20.10206163 6350 19.93299267 6400 19.83375546 6450 19.92015602 6500 20.11799664 6550 20.06102348 6600 19.84033178 6650 19.75481952 6700 19.90854872 6750 20.00279938 6800 19.78062653 6850 20.35129376 6900 20.4120788 6950 20.44930509 7000 20.43392178 7050 20.38351477 7100 20.50057519 7150 20.58571429 7200 20.58571429 7250 20.50105162 7300 20.50598879 7350 20.50177769 7400 20.43337283 7450 20.38247057 7500 20.48571429 7550 20.48571429 7600 20.47444025 7650 20.52741613 7700 20.43874575 7750 20.31370286 7800 20.35722776 7850 20.49871262 7900 20.56455264 7950 20.55040463 8000 20.53625663 8050 20.28941589 8100 20.18979713 8150 20.42857143 8200 20.42857143 8250 20.37535014 8300 20.34620783 8350 20.22819794 8400 19.99237038 8450 20.0124183 8500 19.9456475 8550 19.84220638 8600 19.56704581 8650 19.75901064 8700 20.08596893 8750 19.94820014 8800 19.91680389 8850 20.14539563 8900 19.51521093 8950 19.49483915 9000 19.97899026 9050 19.67656113 9100 19.70742586 9150 20.00545794 9200 19.26264643 9250 19.28622645 9300 19.30980646 9350 19.32857143 9400 19.32857143 9450 19.32857143 9500 19.32857143 9550 19.32857143 9600 19.32014593 9650 19.31167129 9700 19.30319664 9750 19.27360995 9800 19.23123671 9850 19.18886347 9900 19.15501233 9950 19.14653768 10000 19.13806304 10050 19.12958839 10100 19.10060509 10150 19.06882516 10200 19.03704523 10250 19.0052653 10300 18.97348537 10350 18.94170543 10400 18.92765701 10450 19.02511546 10500 19.12257392 10550 19.22003237 10600 19.31424165 10650 19.40745725 10700 19.50067285 10750 19.52039509 10800 19.42717396 10850 19.33395283 10900 19.24015203 10950 19.12150696 11000 19.00286189