# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) diatom (°C) 367.5 12.632 425 12.179 456.1428571 12.0579 487.2857143 12.7553 518.4285714 12.6774 549.5714286 12.2005 580.7142857 11.3952 611.8571429 11.556 643 12.7139 650.6 11.6357 658.2 12.0237 665.8 11.767 673.4 11.4914 681 12.2214 688.6 11.8666 696.2 11.3697 703.8 11.9949 711.4 11.8234 719 13.4739 726.6 12.3887 734.2 12.8884 741.8 12.0989 749.4 11.7528 757 11.9534 764.6 12.6501 772.2 11.8545 779.8 12.3695 787.4 11.624 795 11.8834 826.7 12.2005 858.4 12.2799 890.1 11.6431 921.8 13.1177 953.5 13.0755 985.2 13.0341 1016.9 13.6329 1048.6 13.013 1080.3 12.9125 1112 12.7361 1143.7 12.6047 1175.4 11.849 1207.1 12.442 1238.8 12.3971 1270.5 13.5522 1321.428 12.4002 1440.856 12.4782 1560.284 12.6861 1620 11.2253 1640.8 11.8063 1682.4 9.9984 1724 11.3763 1765.6 12.0494 1807.2 11.8722 1848.8 10.7472 1890.4 11.6647 1932 10.6398 1973.6 11.309 2015.2 10.7821 2056.8 11.7577 2098.4 11.4181 2140 12.0052 2181.6 11.9222 2223.2 13.0886 2237.769168 12.4029 2251.226 12.0769 2264.683 12.6703 2278.14 12.3678 2291.597 11.241 2305.054 12.7507 2318.511 11.8272 2331.968 12.6582 2345.425 11.1011 2358.882 11.805 2372.339 12.0467 2385.796 11.6843 2399.253 11.5333 2412.71 11.6952 2426.167 11.9793 2453.082 12.1424 2466.593 12.1576 2486.9263 12.7372 2507.2596 12.6436 2527.152 12.5462 2540.609 11.4679 2574.211701 12.0676 2585.341 12.2552 2596.47 12.8983 2607.599 11.8673 2618.729 10.7775 2629.858 11.5042 2640.987 10.8892 2652.117 10.7426 2663.246 11.2186 2730.02187 11.49 2796.797742 10.7014 2810.438 10.4887 2824.078 11.6162 2837.718 11.234 2851.358 10.3665 2864.998 10.31 2878.638 12.314 2892.278 12.1157 2980.9763 11.5896 3069.674656 11.7906 3100.105 12.1032 3130.535 11.5988 3145.751833 11.6062 3193.284 12.2471 3224.97219 11.276 3257.917 11.6914 3290.862 11.4548 3307.335727 11.2962 3350.538 11.4436 3384.74 11.2991 3392.842443 11.3516 3428.302 12.1101 3463.762 10.1378 3481.492339 12.0932 3518.209 11.1908 3554.926 11.1083 3573.285414 10.7705 3611.255 11.5232 3649.225 12.0113 3668.221669 12.1376 3707.452 11.5352 3746.682 11.9991 3766.301103 11.9629 3816.912 12.1781 3867.523717 11.9158 3909.27 11.805 3951.016 11.8906 3971.889511 12.182 4014.893 12.1684 4040.699 12.1377 4079.398484 11.5387 4145.7897 11.8271 4190.050636 10.5545 4235.569 11.2027 4303.845968 11.9326 4374.009 11.8526 4420.78448 11.366 4468.817 12.1235 4540.866172 12.7515 4614.801 11.9484 4664.091042 12.3237 4714.638 11.6552 4790.459093 11.9171 4842.263 11.2201 4919.970323 11.9248 4973.032 11.5088 5052.624732 12.3237 5134.1032 12.6332 5188.422322 12.9101 5216.5245 13.5179 5244.6267 12.8307 5272.7294 13.7226 5300.8321 12.3436 5328.93455 10.6719 5357.037 12.1685 5413.2419 12.5666 5441.34445 12.4908 5469.447039 13.2959 5524.0155 13.3398 5578.584 13.54 5605.7432 13.4521 5632.9024 13.5416 5687.2211 13.332 5742.03965 12.3131 5796.8582 12.4 5850.98465 12.9389 5905.1111 10.6537 5959.6217 11.379 6014.1323 12.016 6068.55085 11.5364 6122.9694 12.2428 6231.4064 12.1984 6285.6245 12.7369 6340.54307 12.1581 6395.1116 13.3171 6449.6801 12.5672 6504.24865 12.6279 6558.8172 12.6508 6613.3857 12.0284 6667.9542 12.3205 6722.5227 12.1462 6749.4854 11.5154 6776.44814 11.9456 6885.3664 11.5478 6923.6064 12.3322 6961.8464 10.801 7000.099025 11.4765 7038.351649 11.476 7074.213075 11.9319 7110.0745 11.9393 7145.93595 10.8002 7181.7974 10.3579 7253.5174 11.4051 7286.3791 11.1212 7325.23885 11.4397 7361.1003 10.8368 7396.966376 11.1546 7416.96899 10.8657 7463.9716 11.1901 7497.47425 11.3196 7530.9769 11.6575 7564.479669 10.8735 7596.441835 11.0833 7628.395 9.71898 7660.3527 10.023 7692.3104 10.4567 7724.268247 10.4425 7754.711875 9.71144 7785.1555 9.95723 7824.59915 10.1165 7864.0428 10.5321 7876.486612 10.5403 7905.8185 8.84303 7949.816401 10.1096 7992.7245 11.0255 8021.330062 9.84355 8049.2213 11.1398 8091.058382 11.5248 8131.844 11.5734 8159.034699 11.0637 8185.5387 10.7188 8225.294899 11.058 8238.2114 11.7922 8289.877421 11.5608 8323.7371 10.9101 8368.956515 10.0614 8414.17593 12.0031 8438.1589 12.3841 8462.141886 12.469 8485.5241 13.5246 8508.9062 11.1738 8532.288724 11.554 8554.754 11.5727 8577.2192 12.1684 8599.6844 11.0254 8622.14975 12.0304 8644.615105 11.4131 8665.52457 11.5811 8686.43404 11.6436 8707.34351 11.4494 8728.25298 12.7206 8749.16204 11.6457 8770.0711 10.3638 8790.98055 11.2575 8811.89 10.4587 8832.79991 10.6954 8853.709824 12.5739 8872.25231 11.4917 8890.7948 11.7127 8909.33725 10.5553 8927.8797 10.5892 8946.4221 9.78675 8964.9645 11.067 8983.5069 10.3074 9002.0494 9.35491 9020.5919 10.9599 9039.2344 11.2303 9057.6769 10.1775 9076.21925 11.0574 9094.7616 10.7827 9113.3041 10.5897 9131.8466 10.3702 9150.3891 10.6897 9168.9316 10.4123 9187.4741 11.5861 9206.0166 11.429 9224.560294 10.3865 9250.32047 10.9831 9258.9072 11.1708 9292.9072 11.0019 9324.254 11.1315 9344.4274 10.3924 9361.71665 10.9729 9379.0059 10.0622 9396.295245 10.808 9417.28432 9.76912 9430.2734 9.67868 9447.2632 9.65749 9464.253 11.8483 9481.244399 9.20938 9489.4542 9.32518 9515.664 9.24251 9541.4787 8.64999 9593.1081 11.3869 9610.3179 9.24324 9627.5277 11.6681 9640.34531 9.57352 9653.342566 8.90929 9671.11973 9.34718 9688.8969 10.6549 9706.6741 9.86842 9724.4513 8.88174 9742.228579 8.96229 9760.62924 9.58545 9779.0299 8.69215 9788.4305 9.08888 9806.8311 7.70362 9834.231877 9.5247 9853.45009 8.91789 9872.6683 11.6062 9891.8865 12.8213 9930.322962 11.4259 9950.56098 9.46746 9970.799 9.63713 9991.037 9.55032 10011.275 11.6429 10031.51313 13.4754 10052.98145 13.2066 10074.4498 13.7319 10098.91805 13.4764 10117.3863 11.9244 10138.85449 13.78 10161.77155 11.1108 10185.6886 11.4994 10207.60565 10.983 10230.5227 10.5562 10253.43993 11.4108 10291.7671 11.5631 10317.3131 12.9076 10342.8591 12.0193 10390.3047 13.8615 10508.91867 13.7908 10652.20177 12.3173 10807.50856 12.746 10976.13593 10.5835