# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) Mg/Ca (°C) 4334.286 28.92 4527.429 29.2 4575.714 29.15 4720.571 28.55 4913.714 28.33 4994.4 29.44 5091.6 28.36 5156.4 29.06 5253.6 28.11 5318.4 29.14 5415.6 28.32 5480.4 29.75 5577.6 28.67 5642.4 28.52 5739.6 28.24 5804.4 29.59 5901.6 28.63 5966.4 28.96 6031.2 29.54 6063.6 28.25 6128.4 30.03 6193.2 29.32 6258 28.88 6290.4 29.3 6355.2 29.19 6387.6 28.86 6481 29.62 6603 29.03 6664 28.78 6786 29.55 6969 29.28 7030 28.2 7091 28.47 7152 28.83 7332.021 28.63 7390.042 28.75 7448.064 28.65 7680.149 28.58 7738.17 28.74 7912.234 28.9 7970.255 29.09 8086.298 28.99 8260.361 29.06 8550.468 28.99 8666.511 28.48 8724.532 29.12 8840.574 29.53 8956.617 29.72 9014.639 29.07 9072.659 29.26 9130.681 29.23 9188.702 29.33 9246.724 30.07 9362.766 29.83 9420.787 29.42 9478.809 29.19 9536.83 28.61 9652.872 28.86 9710.894 29.61 9768.915 28.76 9826.937 29.3 9884.957 29.1 9942.979 28.72 10035.8 29.04 10070.6 29.8 10105.4 28.65 10175 29.2 10209.8 28.7 10244.6 29.37 10279.4 28.89 10314.2 28.49 10349 28.78 10383.8 29.3 10418.6 29.36 10453.4 29.41 10488.2 28.99 10557.8 29.63 10592.6 28.98 10627.4 28.98 10662.2 29.65 10731.8 29.36 10766.6 28.83 10801.4 28.72 10836.2 29.05 10871 28.87 10905.8 29.46 10940.6 29.25 10975.4 29.19 11010.2 29.9 11058.5 29.53 11072 30.11 11085.5 30.04 11112.5 29.21 11126 29.15 11139.5 29.49 11241.63 29.02 11285.95 29.24 11374.58 29.56 11418.89 29.46 11463.21 29.54 11507.53 28.95 11551.84 29.46 11640.47 28.98 11684.79 29.35 11729.11 29.61 11773.42 29.11 11817.74 29.92 11862.05 29.92 11906.37 28.81 11950.68 29.46 11995 29.28 12039.32 29 12083.63 29.41 12127.95 28.47 12172.26 28.99 12216.58 29.44 12260.89 28.4 12305.21 28.45 12349.53 28.94 12438.16 29.02 12482.47 29.08 12526.79 29.22 12571.11 29.17 12615.42 29.26 12659.74 28.54 12748.37 29.02 12792.68 29.14 12837 29.02 12881.32 28.6 12925.63 28.81 13058.58 28.22 13102.89 28.55 13147.21 28.39 13191.53 29 13516.85 29.14 13620.38 29.32 13723.92 28.81 13827.46 28.04 13990.66 28.22 14050.31 28.76 14109.97 29 14169.62 28.6 14229.28 28.52 14408.24 27.5 14467.9 28.24 14527.55 29.06 14587.21 27.69 14646.86 27.75 14706.52 27.95 15028.29 27.68 15121.2 27.98 15307.03 28.7 15399.94 28.53 15492.86 27.81 15678.69 27.6 15771.6 27.14 15864.51 27.83 16050.34 26.9 16236.17 27.78 16329.09 27.88 16422 28.32 16453.12 27.29 16484.24 27.45 16515.36 28.36 16546.48 28.19 16577.6 27.79 16608.72 27.68 16639.84 27.1 16764.32 26.42 16919.92 26.3 17075.52 26.37 17230.08 27.93 17350.38 27.7 17410.54 27.47 17470.69 27.02 17560.92 26.66 17666.72 26.84 17742.44 27.85 17856.02 26.36 17931.74 27.68 18045.32 27.07 18121.04 27.17 18196.75 27.15 18272.47 26.27 18348.19 27.81 18461.77 26.51 18537.49 27.8 18651.07 26.52 18726.79 27.26 18840.37 26.26 18916.09 27.13 18991.81 26.59 19067.53 26.66 19181.11 26.37 19256.82 27.19 19332.54 26.92 19408.26 26.53 19483.98 26.6 19597.56 26.42 19673.28 26.84 19800 27.1 19840 26.23 19890 26.85 19940 26.56 20010 25.84 20130 26.41 20170 26.66 20220 26.37 20270 27.07 20340 26.69 20380 27.42 20410 27.01 20560 26.89 20650 26.89 20740 27.03 20830 26.8 21010 26.05 21100 26.39 21180 26.48 21270 26.58 21360 26.44 21450 26.73 21540 27.21 21630 26.44 21720 26.36 21810 26.33 27230 27.06 27740 27.18 28260 26.36 28770 27.02 29540 27.49 30310 27.16 30820 27.4 31080 27.21 31330 27.12 31840 26.58 32160 26.62 32290 26.75 32420 27 32550 26.54 32680 26.29 32750 26.54 32810 25.86 32940 26.64 33070 26.55 33200 26.86 33330 26.44 33460 26.19 33590 25.95 33660 27.22 33850 27.5 33980 27.49 34110 26.81 34310 27.14 34500 27.18 34630 27.6 34760 27.19 34960 27.25 35090 27.06 35370 27.62 35700 26.81 35920 27.45 36140 27 36360 27.51 36580 27.14 37130 27.6 37310 27.63 37350 27.54 37360 27.65 37380 27.22 37410 27.55 37430 26.9 37480 27.13 37510 27.59 37550 27.5 37600 26.99 37630 27.19 37660 26.96 37690 27.03 37730 27.52 37760 26.93 37840 27.68 37860 26.48 37980 26.87 38070 26.9 38160 26.86 38250 27.66 38520 27.13 38700 26.97 38900 27.03 38960 26.85 39020 27.33 39190 27.65 39360 26.95 39530 26.76 39650 26.31 39760 27.16 40050 26.82 40280 27.57 40390 26.87 40680 26.72 40790 26.74 40910 27.33 40960 27.34 41080 26.68 41310 27.64 41480 27.79 41590 27.76 41710 27.9 42050 27.66 42280 27.62 42400 27.33 42510 27.44 42630 27.94 42740 27.14 42860 27.41 43090 26.54 43550 26.53 43780 27.34 44010 26.89 44350 27.5 44580 27.54 44700 27.72 44810 27.33 44930 27.41 45160 27.33 45210 27.64 45270 27.82 45500 27.72 45670 27.47 45790 28.55 45900 28.24 45960 27.36 46020 28.28 46250 28.2 46420 27.52 46590 27.34 46760 27.06 47110 27.4 47170 28.14 47340 27.51 47510 28.16 47630 27.75 47800 27.25 47970 28.03 48260 27.99 48430 28.18 48550 27.31 48780 27.12 48950 27.2 49060 27.21 49240 27.6 49350 27.11 49470 27.43 49640 27.87 49810 27.14 49930 26.97 50100 26.92 50270 27.22 50500 26.85 50670 27.08 50900 28.34 51020 27.54 51360 27.93 51420 28.31 51590 27.83 51820 28.24 51940 27.7 52050 28.48 52170 27.55 52280 27.87 52570 28.25 52680 28.31 52800 28.34 52860 28.03 52970 27.39 53090 27.89 53260 27.75 53320 28.19 53370 27.51 53550 27.87 53770 27.59 54000 28.1 54120 27.37 54410 27.6 54520 27.59 54640 28.23 54750 28.23 54870 27.08 55040 26.74 55100 27.77 55210 28.44 55380 27.65 55610 27.36 55730 26.89 55790 27.71 55840 27.13 55960 27.53 56130 27.67 56300 27.08 56420 26.98 56590 27.17 56710 27.39 56820 27.43 56940 26.67 56990 27.5 57110 27.46 57160 26.77 57340 27.4 57510 27.09 57570 27.17 57620 27.77 57740 27.62 57850 27.75 57970 27.12 58200 28.05 58430 27.46 58720 28.33 58830 27.86 58950 27.72 59060 28.13 59180 27.79 59230 27.24 59290 27.61 59410 27.79 59520 28.11 59580 27.4 59690 27.82 59870 28.1 60440 28.49 60870 26.91 61150 26.11 61300 26.47 61580 25.93 61870 26.28 62150 26.37 62290 26.78 62440 27.64 62580 26.86 62720 28.04 63150 27.67 63860 27.85 64150 28.5 64570 28.3 64860 28.26 65400 27.5 65800 27.74 66400 27.06 66800 28.22 67400 28.31 67800 27.42 68400 27.31 68800 27.55 69600 27.09 70400 26.98 70800 27.97