# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) alkenone (°C) 310 8.508 321 9.298 331 9.016 341 10.498 350 10.498 360 7.617 369 8.825 379 8.767 388 7.459 398 8.403 408 9.272 417 8.797 443 8.772 467 9.066 491 9.552 515 8.97 539 11.92 563 8.405 587 10.578 611 10.678 635 13.154 659 12.114 683 9.191 707 11.207 731 8.559 752 10.671 775 8.33 797 8.255 819 8.745 841 8.496 864 9.689 886 12.844 930 11.088 952 10.479 975 11.228 997 7.95 1015 9.31 1029 9.144 1044 8.514 1059 8.94 1074 8.889 1089 8.62 1105 8.358 1120 8.022 1135 9.054 1150 8.669 1165 6.616 1182 9.964 1208 10.653 1233 8.358 1258 7.351 1283 9.072 1307 8.651 1332 8.967 1359 8.793 1384 8.928 1413 9.998 1439 10.31 1465 8.962 1490 8.445 1516 8.914 1542 9.296 1568 9.952 1594 9.011 1619 9.061 1645 9.484 1671 8.871 1697 10.169 1722 9.442 1746 9.01 1771 9.828 1796 8.46 1821 10.178 1846 8.56 1871 7.876 1896 8.239 1921 8.147 1946 9.099 1970 8.53 1995 8.19 2020 8.478 2045 8.645 2070 8.259 2095 8.933 2120 8.314 2145 8.803 2168 7.462 2212 8.143 2263 7.361 2313 7.829 2363 7.694 2413 7.969 2463 7.863 2513 8.118 2563 7.441 2614 7.787 2664 7.807 2714 7.664 2764 7.362 2814 7.276 2864 8.183 2915 8.057 2965 8.262 3015 8.072 3065 7.537 3115 8.37 3165 6.853 3215 6.708 3266 7.561 3301 6.955 3330 7.176 3364 7.924 3398 7.882 3432 8.351 3467 7.948 3501 8.028 3535 8.624 3569 9.374 3603 8.825 3638 8.433 3683 8.86 3717 8.938 3751 9.055 3785 8.299 3820 8.145 3854 8.603 3888 8.279 3922 9.312 3956 9.34 3991 9.427 4025 8.812 4059 8.724 4093 8.745 4128 9.009 4162 9.033 4196 8.668 4230 8.82 4264 9.061 4299 9.052 4333 9.012 4367 8.779 4401 9.069 4436 8.931 4470 9.19 4504 9.854 4538 9.093 4572 8.976 4607 8.303 4641 8.95 4675 9.728 4709 10.448 4744 9.138 4816 8.96 4898 9.074 4980 9.749 5062 9.45 5144 9.88 5226 9.808 5309 9.887 5391 10.118 5473 10.464 5555 10.202 5637 11.46 5719 13.12 5801 13.086 5883 13.498 5965 12.116 6047 11.57 6129 12.43 6211 11.524 6293 11.141 6375 11.079 6457 10.942 6555 11.485 6605 10.829 6655 10.945 6705 10.021 6756 10.553 6806 10.894 6856 10.294 6906 9.897 6956 10.502 7006 10.272 7056 10.489 7107 9.381 7158 9.876 7208 9.478 7258 8.575 7299 9.977 7320 11.943 7336 14.853 7367 12.297 7382 12.889 7397 12.935 7412 11.898 7427 11.434 7442 11.368 7457 11.394 7473 11.868 7488 10.117 7503 9.936 7518 9.685 7533 9.55 7548 10.323 7563 10.437 7578 10.1 7594 12.465 7609 11.719 7624 12.762 7639 12.655 7654 11.733 7669 11.987 7684 11.409 7700 11.343 7715 13.948 7730 12.549 7745 12.243 7760 10.271 7775 9.977 7790 9.686 7805 9.633 7821 9.716 7836 9.705 7851 9.518 7866 10.033 7881 9.092 7896 9.673 7911 9.305 7927 10.184 7942 9.843 7957 8.894 7972 9.651 7987 9.374 8002 11.769 8017 9.912 8032 10.145 8048 10.4 8063 10.25 8078 9.806 8093 13.518 8108 10.802 8123 10.232 8138 10.199 8153 9.975 8168 9.709 8183 9.566 8198 9.855 8213 9.987 8232 9.438 8248 10.721 8263 10.693 8278 9.693 8295 9.17 8310 9.99 8325 9.737 8340 9.861 8355 9.785 8370 10.077 8386 9.273 8401 9.882 8416 10.127 8431 10.162 8446 9.464 8461 9.013 8476 10.01 8491 10.399 8506 10.158 8522 10.268 8537 10.591 8552 11.329 8568 11.018 8583 10.255 8598 10.874 8614 12.162 8629 10.483 8644 10.922 8659 11.212 8674 12.206 8689 10.824 8704 10.334 8719 9.805 8734 11.174 8749 11.739 8765 10.846 8780 11.198 8795 11.916 8810 10.932 8842 10.2 8893 10.417 8943 10.253 8994 9.835 9045 9.546 9095 10.013 9146 9.777 9196 9.159 9247 8.607 9297 9.949 9348 9.859 9399 10.083 9449 9.332 9508 9.811 9550 10.474 9600 9.312 9653 8.879 9702 9.549 9748 9.224 9797 9.401 9847 9.851 9897 9.684 9947 9.094 9996 9.029 10046 9.431 10093 10.058 10143 8.281 10182 10.358 10253 10.339 10302 9.767 10351 10.144 10400 9.839 10449 9.705 10498 9.603 10548 10.023 10597 10.802 10646 10.696 10695 10.234 10744 10.77