# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions
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#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 
#       Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/
#       Description: NOAA location of the template
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# Original_Source_URL:  
#       Description:
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Archive: Climate Reconstructions
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# Dataset DOI: 
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# Parameter_Keywords: temperature
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2019-03-27
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#	Date: 2019-03-27
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# Title
#	Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions
#--------------------
# Investigators
#	Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T.
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#	Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. 
#	Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1.  Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2.
#	
#	TableS1.xlsx contains: 
#	1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). 
#	2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab
#	3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite
#	4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. 
#	    Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. 
#	
#	TableS2.xlsx contains: 
#	1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). 
#	2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab
#	3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study.  Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. 
#	    Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. 
#	    Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr.
#	
#	Proxy Abreviations: 
#	nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR)
#	glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT)
#	long chain diol index (LDI)
#	magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca)
#	tree-ring width (TRW)
#	carbon 13 isotopes (d13C)
#	oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) 
#	loss on ignition (LOI)
#	strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca)
#	deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD)
#	records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) 
#
#-------------------- 
# Publication 
#	Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault 
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27      
#	Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene
#	Journal_Name: Nature
#	Volume: 
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 
#	Pages:
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#	DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3
#	Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources.
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar 
#	Grant: BP 0544-13
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation 
#	Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund 
#	Grant: 
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# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program
#	Grant: 
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# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: 
#	Location: 
#	Country:  
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: 
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: 
# 	Elevation:  
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# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: 
#	Earliest_Year: 
#	Most_Recent_Year: 
#	Time_Unit: 
#	Core_Length: 
#	Notes: 
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# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
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#----------------	
# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) 
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# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  
#
age (BP)	Mg/Ca (°C)
998.2941176	11.6401
1124.647059	12.2096
1251	12.118
1377.352941	11.1734
1503.705882	10.6675
1630.058824	11.6131
1756.411765	11.1795
1882.764706	11.4761
2009.117647	11.4003
2135.470588	11.9025
2261.823529	10.2866
2388.176471	10.5488
2514.529412	11.3084
2640.882353	11.36
2767.235294	10.7346
2893.588235	11.6641
3019.941176	10.9072
3146.294118	11.5274
3272.647059	11.4644
3399	11.6955
3531.352941	12.9181
3663.705882	11.5631
3796.058824	11.3783
3928.411765	11.6254
4060.764706	11.7741
4193.117647	11.3856
4325.470588	NaN
4457.823529	11.3624
4590.176471	11.5861
4722.529412	11.5164
4854.882353	11.8254
4987.235294	10.1518
5119.588235	10.0766
5251.941176	9.74095
5384.294118	9.84396
5516.647059	9.05873
5649	8.33434
5773.294118	7.63629
5897.588235	8.84377
6021.882353	9.01776
6146.176471	8.15074
6270.470588	9.10234
6394.764706	8.41176
6519.058824	8.41362
6643.352941	8.76691
6767.647059	8.76305
6891.941176	NaN
7016.235294	9.3817
7140.529412	9.31005
7264.823529	9.25918
7389.117647	9.24156
7513.411765	8.80998
7637.705882	9.20057
7762	8.7085
7797.722222	7.92983
7833.444444	9.22192
7869.166667	9.67296
7904.888889	10.2848
7940.611111	9.61124
7976.333333	9.06638
8012.055556	9.17813
8047.777778	9.20896
8083.5	9.23701
8119.222222	NaN
8154.944444	8.34386
8190.666667	8.65251
8226.388889	9.27395
8262.111111	9.08894
8297.833333	9.4878
8333.555556	9.39547
8369.277778	9.10419
8405	8.98871
8437.344828	9.05574
8469.689655	9.01675
8502.034483	9.12343
8534.37931	8.96917
8566.724138	NaN
8599.068966	8.45137
8631.413793	9.84523
8663.758621	9.81158
8696.103448	10.2833
8728.448276	9.54045
8760.793103	9.59192
8793.137931	9.87999
8825.482759	10.1382
8857.827586	10.3556
8890.172414	9.80883
8922.517241	10.4875
8954.862069	10.0009
8987.206897	10.6844
9019.551724	10.7715
9051.896552	10.2137
9084.241379	10.1179
9116.586207	10.1757
9148.931034	10.2897
9181.275862	9.72286
9213.62069	10.6701
9245.965517	10.1825
9278.310345	10.0965
9310.655172	11.2567
9343	11.2348
9355.892308	NaN
9368.784615	10.6031
9381.676923	10.7931
9394.569231	10.5356
9407.461538	9.41046
9420.353846	10.5026
9433.246154	NaN
9446.138462	10.0059
9459.030769	10.9004
9471.923077	10.4108
9484.815385	10.9688
9497.707692	10.7593
9510.6	11.2096
9523.492308	10.3931
9536.384615	10.9398
9549.276923	10.73
9562.169231	11.3021
9575.061538	11.167
9587.953846	10.7761
9600.846154	11.4714
9613.738462	10.3852
9626.630769	11.4877
9639.523077	10.9454
9652.415385	10.8024
9665.307692	11.4351
9678.2	11.6798
9691.092308	11.419
9703.984615	11.6567
9716.876923	11.4228
9729.769231	11.3367
9742.661538	11.6836
9755.553846	11.1219
9768.446154	11.6671
9781.338462	11.3316
9794.230769	12.0771
9807.123077	12.1022
9820.015385	11.4504
9832.907692	11.7703
9845.8	12.2102
9858.692308	10.8166
9871.584615	11.5131
9884.476923	11.7893
9897.369231	11.9924
9910.261538	11.0731
9923.153846	11.4961
9936.046154	11.7652
9948.938462	11.6729
9961.830769	11.6692
9974.723077	12.2852
9987.615385	11.6642
10000.50769	10.3765
10013.4	NaN
10026.29231	NaN
10039.18462	10.4284
10052.07692	10.8033
10064.96923	NaN
10077.86154	NaN
10090.75385	NaN
10103.64615	NaN
10116.53846	NaN
10129.43077	NaN
10142.32308	11.4067
10155.21538	NaN
10168.10769	NaN
10181	11.5315
10189.45	NaN
10197.9	NaN
10206.35	NaN
10214.8	NaN
10223.25	10.8074
10231.7	10.4046
10240.15	NaN
10248.6	NaN
10257.05	NaN
10265.5	10.3527
10273.95	NaN
10282.4	10.1171
10290.85	NaN
10299.3	NaN
10307.75	10.946
10316.2	9.86335
10324.65	NaN
10333.1	NaN
10341.55	10.4838
10350	10.0042
10365.32143	NaN
10380.64286	NaN
10395.96429	NaN
10411.28571	9.77179
10426.60714	9.44199
10441.92857	NaN
10457.25	NaN
10472.57143	NaN
10487.89286	9.52822
10503.21429	9.30502
10518.53571	NaN
10533.85714	NaN
10549.17857	NaN
10564.5	NaN
10579.82143	9.72193
10595.14286	9.39667
10610.46429	9.76359
10625.78571	9.74243
10641.10714	9.20656
10656.42857	9.53264
10671.75	8.62643
10687.07143	8.75457
10702.39286	9.03335
10717.71429	9.56725
10733.03571	8.33914
10748.35714	9.41992
10763.67857	NaN
10779	9.8844
10803.30556	9.27566
10827.61111	7.53839
10851.91667	7.98795
10876.22222	8.63333
10900.52778	7.39812
10924.83333	8.27432
10949.13889	7.75036
10973.44444	7.91763
10997.75	7.39957
11022.05556	7.14081
11046.36111	8.33625
11070.66667	8.96278
11094.97222	7.10922
11119.27778	8.12336
11143.58333	8.15751
11167.88889	8.69431
11192.19444	8.27168
11216.5	9.30599
11240.80556	8.32188
11265.11111	7.3232
11289.41667	6.06174
11313.72222	6.36711
11338.02778	4.15314
11362.33333	6.26852
11386.63889	7.14493
11410.94444	5.99372
11435.25	5.86233
11459.55556	2.77711
11483.86111	3.44808
11508.16667	4.51577
11532.47222	4.14375
11556.77778	NaN
11581.08333	3.48968
11605.38889	4.1227
11629.69444	3.25506
11654	4.38949
11654.45664	NaN
11658.56637	NaN
11663.13274	2.5198
11667.69912	2.43373
11672.26549	4.21838
11676.83186	4.36034
11681.39823	NaN
11685.9646	NaN
11690.53097	5.19246
11695.09735	5.40576
11699.66372	4.26794
11704.23009	NaN
11708.79646	4.80624
11713.36283	5.35918
11717.9292	5.76789
11722.49558	7.47282
11727.06195	4.48932
11731.62832	4.87123
11736.19469	7.28137
11740.76106	5.9124
11745.32743	6.92229
11749.89381	5.24156
11754.46018	6.86721
11759.02655	5.06745
11763.59292	7.24646
11768.15929	6.38673
11772.72566	6.62579
11777.29204	8.31744
11781.85841	9.13375
11786.42478	7.63395
11790.99115	7.55872
11795.55752	6.6233
11800.12389	7.28049
11804.69027	8.06342
11809.25664	7.87412
11813.82301	8.18768
11818.38938	5.98639
11822.95575	9.4692
11827.52212	6.72909
11832.0885	9.38824
11836.65487	5.14316
11841.22124	6.99573
11845.78761	6.11603
11850.35398	5.08002
11854.92035	6.76429
11859.48673	4.37349
11864.0531	2.73621
11868.61947	4.18916
11873.18584	4.88989
11877.75221	3.51278
11882.31858	4.6029
11886.88496	3.26599
11891.45133	3.57628
11896.0177	3.99028
11900.58407	6.34486
11905.15044	4.73199
11909.71681	4.47009
11914.28319	3.65836
11918.84956	4.33124
11923.41593	4.23406
11927.9823	3.29128
11932.54867	5.16962
11937.11504	3.07555
11941.68142	5.06029
11946.24779	2.59887
11950.81416	3.51919
11955.38053	3.55925
11959.9469	2.33507
11964.51327	3.36391
11969.07965	6.15518
11973.64602	2.16582
11978.21239	NaN
11982.77876	4.16156
11987.34513	4.05059
11991.9115	6.51961
11996.47788	6.93916