# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) Mg/Ca (°C) 831.9 17.5275 889.3 16.3083 889.3 17.7501 993.7 17.1359 1098.1 16.312 1202.5 18.556 1306.8 17.664 1463.4 17.5595 1463.4 17.4853 1620 17.7289 1672.1 16.6183 2221.6 16.9743 2254.9 15.8198 2394.3 17.8532 2426.8 15.7892 2467.2 17.1642 2580.4 16.1408 2619.1 17.4656 2734 17.6756 2819.5 16.8852 2819.5 15.4072 2944.8 17.8363 2983.1 15.9219 2983.1 14.9915 3030.3 16.9588 3030.3 16.5476 3073.6 16.3706 3073.6 15.1956 3161.2 17.0314 3205.5 16.5373 3335.7 14.7656 3335.7 14.2005 3381.2 14.8008 3427 15.7578 3427 17.315 3473 15.6022 3519.3 16.7749 3565.9 17.5074 3612.7 18.6619 3659.7 16.4541 3707 16.8205 3754.5 15.7279 3802.2 17.4544 3850.1 15.6707 3994.9 16.1169 4043.5 16.4334 4043.5 15.5998 4092.2 16.7421 4141.1 16.1909 4141.1 15.6124 4190.2 16.1706 4288.7 15.0581 4288.7 15.6647 4338.1 14.7555 4536.8 14.2737 4586.7 15.3214 4636.7 15.2328 4686.7 13.7335 4686.7 14.0968 4686.7 13.5983 4786.9 14.977 5088.4 15.3058 5088.4 16.9455 5138.7 16.7926 5138.7 15.87 5239.2 15.4637 5239.2 16.4926 5239.2 15.3535 5239.2 16.1871 5490.3 16.5137 5540.4 14.8144 5590.5 15.1938 5640.5 15.1804 5690.4 15.2371 5690.4 16.0218 5740.3 14.8419 5740.3 14.9703 5819.9 17.0792 5869.6 17.4898 5919.2 15.9486 5919.2 17.3597 6457.8 14.9892 6506 17.0098 6506 15.6105 6506 14.2383 6506 14.9275 6563.7 16.7756 6563.7 15.9575 6563.7 15.6376 6602.1 15.515 6602.1 15.7941 6602.1 17.5962 6697.5 14.3972 6792.3 17.53 6792.3 16.5351 6839.5 16.2824 6839.5 14.6854 6886.5 15.0352 6886.5 17.6476 6886.5 15.5404 6886.5 15.468 6933.4 14.7905 6933.4 13.8956 6980.1 15.3602 6980.1 15.468 7026.6 15.4092 7026.6 15.5568 7026.6 15.2827 7072.9 15.4764 7072.9 14.9964 7072.9 14.9553 7119.1 16.3019 7119.1 15.499 7119.1 15.5651 7119.1 15.2942 7165.1 16.9204 7220 16.7026 7220 16.1221 7265.6 15.7922 7265.6 15.7519 7310.9 15.927 7310.9 15.3089 7356.2 18.3282 7401.2 15.8491 7401.2 16.4204 7446 15.234 7446 15.5583 7490.6 16.9077 7490.6 17.0057 7535 16.5576 7535 15.6288 7579.3 16.3729 7579.3 16.8185 7814.6 15.323 7814.6 15.4594 7857.5 16.1929 7857.5 13.6896 7857.5 14.3637 7891.7 16.9798 7942.8 15.966 7942.8 15.7379 7942.8 15.7616 7985.1 15.6049 7985.1 16.3616 7985.1 16.1011 7985.1 14.3553 7985.1 14.2223 8027.2 15.6696 8027.2 16.3841 8069 18.3118 8069 17.0865 8069 16.3942 8110.7 15.5321 8110.7 15.7535 8152.2 16.3264 8152.2 16.2348 8152.2 16.7763 8152.2 17.0699 8193.4 15.9079 8193.4 16.1301 8234.5 15.878 8275.3 16.3869 8275.3 16.3596 8275.3 16.13 8275.3 16.3694 8315.9 15.9963 8315.9 16.5286 8356.3 15.548 8356.3 16.0729 8396.5 16.2036 8396.5 15.9879 8436.5 15.8537 8436.5 15.9067 8476.3 15.6208 8476.3 15.5653 8476.3 16.15 8476.3 15.5588 8476.3 15.692 8507.9 15.8528 8507.9 15.3541 8507.9 15.0752 8507.9 15.7637 8547.3 15.6254 8547.3 15.2081 8586.5 15.6917 8586.5 15.5708 8586.5 14.9448 8586.5 15.0209 8625.5 15.3913 8625.5 14.6317 8625.5 14.7887 8664.3 16.3153 8664.3 15.0348 8741.2 17.2325 8741.2 17.4528 8741.2 15.8978 8741.2 16.3408 8779.3 16.1648 8779.3 15.6033 8817.3 16.3955 8817.3 16.5722 8817.3 14.9869 8855 15.5286 9004 17.1392 9044.5 16.3451 9113.7 14.8645 9113.7 15.5811 9149.9 17.7149 9149.9 17.5093 9149.9 16.9883 9149.9 16.2843 9185.9 16.8982 9185.9 14.5599 9257.4 17.4096 9257.4 16.8108 9257.4 16.685 9257.4 16.4512 9292.8 17.5214 9292.8 16.4439 9363.2 15.7275 9363.2 16.4008 9398.1 17.1285 9398.1 16.8349 9398.1 15.9144 9432.9 17.3231 9467.5 14.8098 9467.5 15.8275 9467.5 15.6719 9529.4 16.3663 9563.5 15.6633 9563.5 17.2026 9597.5 14.878 9597.5 14.8088 9631.4 15.9018 9631.4 15.9328 9665 16.149 9665 16.2849 9698.6 15.2321 9698.6 14.4383 9732 15.7546 9732 15.4968 9765.3 14.9992 9765.3 14.9734 9798.4 15.7802 9798.4 15.1016 9831.4 15.5569 9831.4 15.8892 9864.3 14.4987 9864.3 14.7559 9897.1 15.9936 9994.7 17.0051 10027 15.7009 10059.2 17.0442 10059.2 15.5668 10059.2 16.0262 10091.4 15.4664 10091.4 15.5361 10123.4 15.2511 10155.3 17.0792 10155.3 16.3145 10219 16.9589 10250.7 16.0266 10250.7 17.1946 10250.7 17.4262 10282.4 16.6826 10282.4 16.8322 10314 16.631 10345.5 17.3596 10345.5 16.2176 10345.5 16.053 10377 17.6569 10377 17.05 10471.3 17.3 10502.6 15.3366 10502.6 16.5898 10534 16.9255 10534 17.5887 10559 17.5211 10559 16.3751 10559 15.7441 10596.6 16.15 10596.6 16.5569 10596.6 16.154 10627.9 16.7414 10627.9 17.2653 10659.2 16.8278 10659.2 15.8433 10690.6 16.0468 10690.6 14.64 10721.9 15.8432 10721.9 16.0281 10753.3 17.1227 10753.3 16.1936 10816.1 18.6503 10816.1 17.7262 10879.1 16.3817 10910.7 18.205 10910.7 15.9457 10910.7 15.5448 10942.4 16.322 10942.4 15.7251 10974.1 17.4356 11005.9 18.0714 11005.9 16.1486 11005.9 16.4925 11037.8 18.2801 11037.8 17.6841 11069.8 17.6789 11069.8 17.6453 11134.1 17.4406 11134.1 16.8222 11134.1 16.9586 11166.4 17.3257 11166.4 17.6189 11198.8 16.7944 11198.8 16.9084 11231.4 17.3124 11231.4 17.139 11264.1 17.3222 11264.1 17.2075 11297 17.9172 11297 18.7965 11330 17.2891 11330 17.5297 11363.2 16.2893 11363.2 15.7392 11396.6 17.0314 11430.1 17.6771 11430.1 17.7311 11463.9 17.6734 11463.9 17.5086 11497.8 17.1788 11497.8 17.1409 11532 16.3862 11532 16.6161 11532 15.7581 11532 16.0711 11566.3 16.7693 11566.3 16.528 11600.9 16.8355 11600.9 16.278 11600.9 17.1993 11635.8 18.6153 11670.9 16.6801 11670.9 17.1042 11706.2 16.5915 11706.2 16.8157 11741.8 16.8092 11741.8 17.2064 11777.7 16.92 11777.7 16.29 11813.8 16.3767 11813.8 16.3974 11850.3 16.6579 11850.3 16.9649 11850.3 16.5721 11887.1 17.546 11887.1 17.1676 11939 18.1229 11999.2 17.6004 11999.2 16.2758 12037.3 17.1077 12037.3 15.9643 12075.7 16.2085 12075.7 16.1842 12114.5 17.0209 12114.5 16.9122 12153.7 16.3148 12153.7 15.7361 12193.2 16.4803 12193.2 16.8069 12233.2 16.9283 12233.2 16.5792 12273.5 16.1115 12273.5 16.4278 12314.3 16.6705 12314.3 17.4514 12314.3 17.1382 12355.5 16.7115 12355.5 17.2624 12447.6 17.2616 12447.6 16.9341 12447.6 16.9704 12481.7 17.1276 12481.7 16.8252 12481.7 16.9099 12529 16.5292 12529 17.2012 12568.2 17.3566 12765.6 16.2623 12765.6 15.6952 12811.9 17.2156 12811.9 16.4523 12858.8 16.9202 12858.8 15.729 12906.2 16.0397 12906.2 16.7904 12954.2 16.5076 12954.2 17.0904 13002.8 15.9567 13002.8 16.2133 13052 17.4733 13052 15.9269 13101.9 16.2963 13101.9 16.6936 13152.3 17.0497 13152.3 17.336 13255.2 17.2565 13255.2 16.502 13307.6 18.5861 13307.6 16.9094 13360.8 16.1496 13360.8 16.5566 13360.8 17.4454 13414.6 17.2121 13414.6 17.1532 13414.6 17.1582 13469.1 17.0591 13469.1 16.7803 13469.1 15.6699 13524.3 16.1551 13524.3 16.5172 13580.3 18.0073 13580.3 17.1913 13637 16.6335 13637 16.7869 13694.5 17.4405 13694.5 17.2573 13752.8 16.7706 13752.8 15.85 13811.8 17.2063 13811.8 16.6668 13811.8 14.6841