# Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25890 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/routson2019/ProxyRecords/temperature/ # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: temperature #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-03-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Hemisphere Holocene Latitudinal Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Routson, C.C.; McKay, N.P.; Kaufman, D.S.; Erb, M.P.; Goosse, H.; Shuman, B.N.; Rodysill, J.R.; Ault, T. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Composite latitude band (10S to 90N) temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and tropics for the past 9,900 years, plus underlying proxy records. # Latitudinal temperature composites and proxy data and metadata are in Table S1. Mid-latitude hydroclimate proxy data and metadata are in Table S2. # # TableS1.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Data presented in Figure 3 including zonal temperature composites, latitudinal temperature gradient calculations, latitudinal insolation gradient, and mid-latitude hydroclimate composite # 4.) Raw temperature records as used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled by Site.Author.Year. These data include age and temperature reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts (e.g. Marcott et al., 2013) and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # # TableS2.xlsx contains: # 1.) metadata for each proxy record used in this analysis (PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL AUTHORS WHEN USING THEIR DATA). # 2.) Full references for each proxy record listed in the metadata tab # 3.) Site level hydroclimate records used in this study. Tabs/files are labeled Site.Author.PubYear. These data include age and hydroclimate reconstruction columns. # Some of these records were obtained from other syntheses efforts and the associated data (potentially not the original age model) are included here. # Site names with “*” indicate records that are calibrated in units of mm/yr. # # Proxy Abreviations: # nitrogen 15 isotopes/argon 40 isotopes (15N/40AR) # glycerol dialkyle glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) # long chain diol index (LDI) # magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) # tree-ring width (TRW) # carbon 13 isotopes (d13C) # oxygen 18 isotopes (d18O) # loss on ignition (LOI) # strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) # deuterium isotopes of leaf wax (dD) # records composed of two or more proxy types (hybrid) # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cody C. Routson, Nicholas P. McKay, Darrell S. Kaufman, Michael P. Erb, Hugues Goosse, Bryan N. Shuman, Jessica R. Rodysill, Toby Ault # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-03-27 # Published_Title: Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1060-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1060-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient - that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator - during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30 N to 50 N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10 S to 90 N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Science Foundation Arizona Bisgrove Scholar # Grant: BP 0544-13 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1602105, EAR-1347221 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USGS Climate and Land Use Program # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: # Location: # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: # Southernmost_Latitude: # Easternmost_Longitude: # Westernmost_Longitude: # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: # Earliest_Year: # Most_Recent_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age (BP) pollen (°C) 0 22.4 50 22.41527222 100 21.85633774 150 22.10979769 200 21.95008258 250 21.59465731 300 21.58770822 350 21.74662827 400 22.11816831 450 21.96803202 500 21.91333492 550 21.96839999 600 21.97142857 650 21.86920421 700 21.68129179 750 21.49337936 800 21.3798572 850 21.4624548 900 21.6391742 950 21.85278766 1000 21.9416974 1050 21.87482566 1100 21.80795392 1150 21.82128336 1200 21.93114408 1250 22.0410048 1300 22.10442338 1350 22.11397713 1400 22.12353087 1450 22.10375055 1500 22.05120847 1550 21.99866639 1600 22.003634 1650 22.07050574 1700 22.13737748 1750 22.15267391 1800 22.11446149 1850 22.07624907 1900 22.07624907 1950 22.11446149 2000 22.15267391 2050 22.14467414 2100 22.09213206 2150 22.03958998 2200 22.06876134 2250 22.17384551 2300 22.27892967 2350 22.17987504 2400 21.89803957 2450 21.61620411 2500 21.58831464 2550 21.77937676 2600 21.97043887 2650 21.86929823 2700 21.52538642 2750 21.18147462 2800 21.19590379 2850 21.49718639 2900 21.78461008 2950 22.02615597 3000 22.17329193 3050 22.25093168 3100 21.27301587 3150 20.64741201 3200 21.25990338 3250 21.6573499 3300 21.91614907 3350 21.49330573 3400 21.29910283 3450 21.73043478 3500 21.89027113 3550 21.89739121 3600 21.90451128 3650 21.91163135 3700 21.90535429 3750 21.89111415 3800 21.876874 3850 21.86263386 3900 21.85933014 3950 21.86289018 4000 21.86645022 4050 21.87001025 4100 21.819599 4150 21.73344612 4200 21.64729323 4250 21.56114035 4300 21.47498747 4350 21.38883459 4400 21.3026817 4450 21.21652882 4500 21.13037594 4550 21.04422306 4600 20.95807018 4650 20.87191729 4700 20.78576441 4750 20.69961153 4800 20.61345865 4850 20.52730576 4900 20.44115288 4950 20.355 5000 20.26884712 5050 20.18269424 5100 20.05481887 5150 19.89105719 5200 19.72729551 5250 19.56353383 5300 19.52868535 5350 19.61056619 5400 19.69244703 5450 19.77432787 5500 19.81428571 5550 19.81428571 5600 19.81428571 5650 19.81428571 5700 19.94224197 5750 20.19856459 5800 20.45488722 5850 20.71120984 5900 20.92222266 5950 21.0853919 6000 21.24856114 6050 21.34810991 6100 21.40474788 6150 21.54885753 6200 21.70747579 6250 21.82074531 6300 21.93401484 6350 22.04728436 6400 21.70637744 6450 20.97008382 6500 21.017773 6550 21.30181565 6600 21.8358308 6650 22.14280536 6700 21.72206615 6750 21.43122856 6800 21.28558806 6850 21.31146353 6900 21.40855719 6950 21.49042333 7000 21.54011456 7050 21.44303189 7100 21.41763789 7150 21.49557638 7200 21.57351486 7250 21.65145335 7300 21.58090303 7350 21.55491406 7400 21.76874743 7450 21.76276832 7500 21.49136442 7550 21.23469247 7600 20.98386391 7650 20.73303535 7700 20.62439181 7750 20.96159059 7800 20.90023028 7850 20.44789045 7900 19.99555062 7950 19.6024854 8000 21.07464594 8050 22.24233578 8100 22.6781767 8150 22.80276339 8200 22.67939798 8250 22.11788798 8300 21.5244757 8350 21.64784111 8400 21.39601776 8450 20.43376758 8500 20.48242277 8550 21.18120673 8600 20.81138148 8650 20.22857143 8700 20.22857143 8750 20.26287284 8800 20.44340659 8850 20.69654631 8900 21.0733124 8950 21.10470958 9000 20.85353218 9050 20.44764521 9100 19.98453689 9150 19.95 9200 20.03414443 9250 20.88971743 9300 21.35533752 9350 20.7666405 9400 20.77135008 9450 21.50133438 9500 21.64285714 9550 21.43877551 9600 21.73061224 9650 22.13877551 9700 22.38375196 9750 22.5977237 9800 22.66836735 9850 22.73626374 9900 22.79905808 9950 22.58728414 10000 22.13202512 10050 22.26193093 10100 22.63084772 10150 22.67142857 10200 22.67092857 10250 22.66378571 10300 22.65664286 10350 22.6495 10400 22.64447527 10450 22.66759131 10500 22.69070735 10550 22.71382339 10600 22.73693944 10650 22.76005548 10700 22.78317152 10750 22.7425104 10800 22.69396671 10850 22.64542302 10900 22.59687933 10950 22.54833564 11000 22.49979196